基于SAR多普勒质心频移的海面流场迭代反演算法

为了克服SAR多普勒质心频移法反演海面流场时风场贡献去除困难的难题,本文提出了基于M4S模型的弦截下山法,利用其迭代计算局部区域的海面流场;然后估算整幅SAR图像中风场对多普勒速度的风贡献因子7;最后去除风场对多普勒速度的贡献.将该算法用于Radarsat-2数据反演海面径向流速,并利用匹配的实测数据验证反演精度.研究...     

海洋沉积物重金属生态风险评价方法比较及实例验证——以莱州湾为例

利用2016年8月份莱州湾沉积物中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As、Cr、Zn监测数据,分别利用单因子污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、地积累指数法、沉积物质量基准法、尼梅罗综合指数法、污染负荷指数法等6种沉积物重金属风险评价方法进行评价,以比较沉积物重金属生态风险评估方法的适用性与局限性。结果表明,莱州湾表层沉积物中,重金属Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As、Cr和Zn含量分别为0.077 4 mg/kg、0.169 mg/kg、12.1 mg/kg、11.9 mg/kg、11.6 mg/kg、31.1 mg/kg、45.3 mg/kg。不同方法在莱州湾沉积物风险评价结果上存在差异。单因素评价方法中,单因子污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法、尼梅罗综合指数法的评价结果适中,地累积指数法评价结果偏轻,沉积物质量基准法评价结果偏重。Hg、As、Cd元素的污染评价结果均较大,为主要的污染元素;综合因素评价方法中,污染负荷指数法评价结果风险偏轻,潜在生态危害指数法评价结果适中,内梅罗综合指数法评价结果则倾向偏重。沉积物重金属含量与底栖生物的丰度、生物量的pearson相关系数表明,Hg与底栖生物的生物量呈现显著负相关。6种方法都有自身优缺点和适用范围,但潜在生态危害指数法更适合莱州湾沉积物重金属风险评价。     

长江口崇明东滩及相邻区域地形演化与驱动因素分析

河口大型滩涂演化关系到航运通畅、生态保护以及近岸工程的安全性，是地貌学和工程界关注的热点。利用单波束测深系统对长江口崇明东滩进行高精度监测，并结合近年来周围环境因素分析其冲淤格局。结果表明:(1) 2011?2017年间崇明东滩和北港北沙基本以淤积为主，北港北汊河槽中央局部形成?2 m心滩，?5 m等深线包络面积基本稳定，整体呈“长高不长大”的格局；(2)海洋来沙是其淤积的主要物源，汊道涨落潮时空分异而形成的两大环流是塑造此地形的主要原因；崇明东滩和北港北沙的淤积直接挤压北港北汊的发展，沙体淤积可能会引起未来两大沙体的并靠；(3)崇明东滩、北支南沿的滩涂整治工程是促进北支萎缩和崇明东滩淤积的重要因素，另外横沙通道落潮分流增加,青草沙围水工程改变了北港河槽的曲率，也有利于北港北沙的淤积。     

Wave Attenuation Performance and the Influencing Factors of A Lower Arc-Plate Breakwater

Comprehensive experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate wave energy dissipation performance and main influencing factors of a lower arc-plate breakwater. The numerical model, which considers nonlinear interactions between waves and the arc-plate breakwater, has been constructed by using the velocity wave- generating method, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and the finite volume method. The results show that the relative width, relative height and relative submergence of the breakwater are three main influencing factors and have significant influence on wave energy dissipation of the lower arc-plate open breakwater. The transmission coefficient is found to decrease with the increasing relative width, and the minimum transmission coefficient is 0.15 when the relative width is 0.45. The reflection coefficient is found to vary slightly with the relative width, and the maximum reflection coefficient is 0.53 when the relative width is 0.45. The transmission and reflection coefficients are shown to increase with the relative wave height for approximately 85% of the experimental tests when the relative width is 0.19 0.45. The transmission coefficients at relative submergences of 0.04, 0.02 and 0 are clearly shown to be greater than those at relative submergences of 0.02 and 0.04, while the reflection coefficient exhibits the opposite relationship. After the wave interacts with the lower arc-plate breakwater, the wave energy is mainly converted into transmission, reflection and dissipation energies. The wave attenuation performance is clearly weakened for waves with greater heights and longer periods.     

不同饵料对植食性海水鱼——黄斑蓝子鱼的内脏器官特性及消化酶活性的影响

黄斑蓝子鱼（Siganus canaliculatus）是可养殖的少数植食性海水鱼之一。为进一步了解黄斑蓝子鱼的消化生理特征,以及将海藻更科学地应用于配合饲料中,本研究采用不同类型饵料：冰鲜杂鱼（Raw fish,RF）、配方饲料（Formulated diet,FD）、浒苔（Enteromorpha prolifra,EP）和龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis,GL）饲喂黄斑篮子鱼8周,分析鱼内脏特征及其消化酶活性的变化情况。研究结果显示：RF组和FD组鱼的肝体比和脏体比,以及EP组和GL组鱼的肠长比（Relative intestine length,RIL）,都显著高于其他组。此外,分析不同处理组鱼的肝和前肠组织形态结构,发现RF组肝细胞核被脂滴挤到细胞边缘,两海藻组前肠黏膜的皱褶程度最高。养殖前三周,鱼的消化酶活性变化波动明显,而之后消化酶活性趋于平稳。消化道的蛋白酶,脂肪酶和α-淀粉酶的水平分别随着日粮中蛋白质,脂肪和碳水化合物水平的变化而变化。虽然,海藻饵料显著降低了黄斑篮子鱼的胃蛋白酶活性,但是提高了机体RIL和前肠黏膜的皱褶程度以弥补其对胃蛋白酶的负面影响。以上结果表明黄斑蓝子鱼的消化系统可较好地适应不同类型的饵料,其适应时间大约为三周。因此,本研究结果也暗示黄斑蓝子鱼也具有一些杂食性鱼类的属性。     

不同台风合成风场方案在南海的适用性研究

我国南海地区常受台风侵扰,台风场是研究台风浪灾害以及风暴增水灾害的必要条件之一。因遥感风场存在台风大风圈附近风速明显偏小的问题,所以在台风场相关研究中,多采用台风模型风场和背景风场相结合的方式——即合成风场。本文选取南海相关研究中常用的3种台风场模型,对比其特点,并采用NECP CFSR作为背景风场,将合成风场和实际观测风速进行对比,结果显示在南海地区采用Jelesnianski模型得出的风场和实际风场吻合度最好,建议在该风场基础上考虑南海的地理特殊性,进行台风场模型的改进。     

InSAR滑坡探测技术研究——以金沙江乌东德水电站段为例

采用3类InSAR产品和DEM数据开展金沙江流域乌东德水电站段的潜在滑坡探测,成功识别出多处已知和未知的滑坡点,并探测出滑坡体的形态及稳定性,提供了一种高效的大范围滑坡探测技术。同时采用小基线集InSAR技术对金坪子滑坡进行监测,不仅获得该滑坡的空间分区特征,也获取重点滑坡区的时间序列结果,并且与地面监测结果比较,精度达1.8 cm。展示了不同InSAR技术在不同尺度滑坡调查与监测中的应用特点。     

面向作战任务的战场环境仿真过程对象模型

针对目前战场环境仿真系统与指控系统之间互操作性还不完善,需要构建一种面向作战任务的战场环境仿真过程模型来有效解析指控系统的关键信息需求。分析了仿真过程结构化特征,采用面向对象的方法构建仿真过程概念模型;分析GeoBML的数据模型和形式化语法,使用形式化语言建立仿真过程的逻辑语义模型;定义仿真过程对象数据结构,构建任务驱动下的仿真过程数据映射模型。最后,基于该模型设计战场环境仿真平台组件并应用,验证其合理性与可扩展性。     

Effects of feeding time on complement component C7 expression in Pelteobagrus vachellii subject to bacterial challenge

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Shifting the feeding time for fish from daytime to nighttime could alter their digestive behavior, disturb their metabolism, and may affect immune-related...     

Iron Regulation of Wetland Vegetation Performance Through Synchronous Effects on Phosphorus Acquisition Efficiency

Iron-rich groundwater flowing into wetlands is a worldwide environmental pollution phenomenon that is closely associated with the stability of wetland ecosystems. Combined with high phosphorus(P) loading from agricultural runoff, the prediction of the evolution of wetland vegetation affected by compound contamination is particularly urgent. We tested the effects of anaerobic iron-rich groundwater discharge in a freshwater marsh by simulating the effect of three levels of eutrophic water on native plants(Glyceria spiculosa(Fr. Schmidt.) Rosh.). The management of wetland vegetation with 1–20 mg/L Fe input is an efficient method to promote the growth of plants, which showed an optimum response under a 0.10 mg/L P surface water environment. Iron-rich groundwater strongly affects the changes in ecological niches of some wetland plant species and the dominant species. In addition, when the P concentration in a natural body of water is too high, the governance effect of eutrophication might not be as expected. Under iron-rich groundwater conditions, the δ~(13)C values of organs were more depleted, which can partially explain the differences in δ~(13)C in the soil profile. Conversely, the carbon isotope composition of soil organic carbon is indicative of past changes in vegetation. The results of our experiments confirm that iron-rich groundwater discharge has the potential to affect vegetation composition through toxicity modification in eutrophic environments.