Research Methods of Water Resources Carrying Capacity: Progress and Prospects

The study of water resources carrying capacity (WRCC), a major component of resources and environment carrying capacity (RECC), began relatively recently. However, WRCC has witnessed a rapid development in terms of concept, calculation methods, and empirical research in recent years. WRCC has become an important criterion for rational development and utilization of regional water resources. This paper first briefly reviews the development process of WRCC. It then evaluates and contrasts the representative research methods of conventional trend (CT), system dynamics (SD), multi-objective model analysis (MOMA), comprehensive evaluation (CE), and dynamic simulation recursive (DSR). The results show that although there are various methods of WRCC, the major methods used have become out-of-date and stagnant, and new more sophisticated methods and technologies are lacking. Specifically, our analysis found that the index system, scientific robustness and comprehensiveness of evaluation criteria of current research methods are insufficient and need to be improved. In addition, the dynamic research of WRCC should receive more attention, and it requires further study to make it more applicable to real-world uses. Finally, a set of monitoring and early warning systems should be established and applied in demonstration areas to meet the urgent needs of water resource management in the new era.     

A New Method to Predict Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate with Natural Geographical Factors and Location by Case-based Reasoning: A Case Study of China

Reference values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)are the key to interpret ESR blood test in clinic.The common local reference ESR values are more accuracy in blood test that are established with natural geographical factors by using the multiple linear regression(MLR)model and the artificial neural network(ANN).These knowledge-based methods have limitations since the knowledge domains of ESR and natural geographical factors are limited.This paper presents a new cases-depended model to establish reference ESR values with natural geographical factors and location using case-based reasoning(CBR)since knowledge domain of ESR and geographical factors is weak.Overall 224 local normal ESR values of China that calculated from 13623 samples were obtained,and the corresponding natural geographical factors and location that include altitude,sunshine hours,relative humidity,temperature,precipitation,annual temperature range and annual average wind speed were obtained from the National Geomatics Center of China.CBR was used to predict the unseen local reference ESR values with cases.The average absolute deviation(AAD),mean square error(MSE),prediction accuracy(PA),and Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the observed and estimated data of proposed model is 33.07%,9.02,66.93% and 0.78,which are better than those of ANN and MLR model.The results show that the proposed model provides higher prediction accuracy than those of the artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models.The predicted values are very close to the observed values.Model results show significant agreement of cases data.Consequently,the model is used to predict the unseen local reference ESR with natural geographical factors and location.In spatial,the highest ESR reference areas are distributed in the southern-western district of China that includes Sichuan,Chongqing,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces,and the reference ESR values are greater than 23 mm/60 min.The higher ESR reference values are distributed in the middle part and northern-eastern of China which include Hubei,Henan,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces,and the reference ESR values are greater than 18 mm/60min.The lowest ESR reference values are distributed in the northern-western of China that includes Tibet and Xinjiang,and the reference ESR values are lower than 5 mm/60min.     

手机地图显示尺度划分方法研究

随着移动通信技术的发展,手机地图逐渐成为人们获取位置信息的重要工具。由于手机地图具有屏幕小,快速移动和近距离阅读等特点,所以手机地图内容各要素的分层显示特征更为明显,这要求手机地图显示尺度的划分更加精细。而现有基础电子地图多尺度显示模型无法完全适用于手机地图多尺度显示。为此,针对不同要素视觉感受的差异性,利用眼动实验定量确定了手机地图各要素载负量的权重和计算方法。在此基础上,综合考虑不同要素载负量对显示尺度划分的影响,提出了一种利用主成分迭代分析建立手机地图多尺度显示模型的方法。并与现有基于地图面积载负量建立的地图多尺度显示模型进行了分析比较,为今后手机地图多尺度显示提供科学的参考依据。     

大菱鲆周期蛋白依赖激酶基因cdk1、cdk6克隆及表达分析

通过同源克隆以及5′/3′RACE的方法扩增得到大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶基因cdk1和cdk6的全长c DNA序列,在m RNA水平上分析了它们组织表达特征,并对比分析了静水压处理对其胚胎期表达的影响。结果显示,cdk1基因全长c DNA序列为1281 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KP339306),编码区为912 bp;cdk6基因c DNA全长1400 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KT186374),编码区长度为978 bp。组织RT-PCR分析表明,cdk1基因表达具有广泛性,在性腺、肾脏等生长发育较快的组织中表达量较高;cdk6基因也在多个组织中表达,在性腺中表达量最高。通过Real time RT-PCR检测基因在胚胎中的表达水平发现,静水压处理组cdk1、cdk6在胚胎发育中,总体变化趋势与对照组类似。大菱鲆胚胎对照组中cdk1在原肠期以前相对神经胚期及以后时期表达量较高,静水压处理组基因表达变化与对照组趋势相同;对照组中cdk6在原肠期出现表达高峰,但静水压处理组在原肠期表达量相对较低。静水压处理对cdk1和cdk6的表达量的影响不同,这可能与基因还有除调控细胞周期的其他功能有关。为解析这两个基因在大菱鲆胚胎发育中的作用及其机制提供了参考。     

PCA-SIFT 特征匹配算法研究

SIFT特征具有旋转、尺度和明暗变化的不变性,在图像匹配中得到广泛应用。针对SIFT特征匹配中耗时长、匹配点对少、准确率低的问题,提出PCA-SIFT特征匹配的方法。使用更加精简的方法构建特征点描述向量,通过预先构建的投影矩阵对描述向量进行主成分分析,降低描述向量的维度从而提高了特征匹配的速度,同时降维也对描述向量进行了去噪提纯,使得匹配更加准确。实验证明,利用PCA-SIFT特征进行匹配在降低匹配耗时的同时,增加了匹配点对,匹配准确率也得到提高。     

基于MODIS数据的PM2.5反演在大气污染监测中的应用

针对基于传统10km气溶胶光学厚度产品计算PM2.5无法获得更为精细的PM2.5空间分布特征的问题,提出采用6S模型计算获得不同气溶胶光学厚度条件下辐射传输模型方程参数查找表,该查找表可以采用原始光谱波段信息进行数据反演,并结合暗像元法计算得到的地表反射率信息,在辐射传输模型方程计算结果的基础上进行线性插值获得1km气溶胶光学厚度,再利用地面实测PM2.5浓度数据,通过回归分析的方法,获得1km的PM2.5监测数据。以西安市为例,1km分辨率的PM2.5更进一步表现了西安市域内PM2.5的空间分布特征,具有明显的地形分异特征,而且呈现出从城区向郊区逐渐衰减的趋势。研究结果为小区域的PM2.5来源和变化分析提供了一种有效的技术途径。     

塔里木盆地玉北5井下奥陶统蓬莱坝组沉积期的暴露标志及其意义

塔里木盆地玉北地区玉北5井下奥陶统蓬莱坝组,属于局限台地潮坪沉积,主要为一套灰、浅灰色泥晶白云岩、灰色藻纹层(藻席)、灰质云岩与细粉晶云岩。首次在岩芯中发现多个层位发育暴露标志,包括钙结壳、渗流豆石、碴状层、溶洞。溶洞主要发育在第10回次下部,碴状层、钙结壳、渗流豆石发育在第10回次中上部至第5回次。蓬莱坝组这些暴露标志的确认,说明玉北地区早奥陶世特马豆克期有一定规模的海平面下降事件,可能是储层形成的重要控制因素。     

江西南部震旦—寒武纪寻乌岩组变沉积岩地球化学特征及构造意义

寻乌岩组变沉积岩发育在江西南部新元古代—早古生代南城—寻乌盆地内,时代为震旦—寒武纪。寻乌岩组的Si O2含量变化较大,除1个含量较低的样品外,平均为63.01%,具有相对较高的K2O、Al2O3及(TFe O+Mg O)值,较低的Na2O、Ca O。相容元素含量与后太古代澳大利亚页岩(PAAS)十分接近,高于中国东部上地壳,与其较高的(TFe O+Mg O)特征相吻合,说明源区具有一定数量的中基性组分。稀土元素总量高于上地壳及PAAS,但其球粒陨石标准化配分模式与典型的上地壳及PAAS相似,表现为明显向右倾斜,轻稀土富集,重稀土平坦,铕负异常显著,铈负异常不明显。岩石地球化学特征显示其原岩属于一种中等成熟度的陆源碎屑岩,物源主要为被改造的上地壳长英质和花岗质物源区,少部分物源为中基性火山岩。高场强元素及稀土元素等不活动元素地球化学特征表明其沉积环境为浅海—半深海,其构造环境属于发育有裂谷系的被动大陆边缘,该认识从沉积岩地球化学方面为华南早古生代构造属性提供了新资料。     

大菱鲆的受精细胞学研究

对大菱鲆（Psetta maxima）的受精过程进行细胞学观察发现,大菱鲆从精子入卵、皮层反应、卵母细胞第二次成熟分裂排出第二极体、雌雄原核形成与融合,直到舍子进行第一次有丝分裂,与其他已经报道的硬骨鱼的受精程序基本相同。在受精的整个过程中所有观察过的受精卵都只发现一个精子形成原核,并最终与卵原核结合形成舍子,由此判断大菱鲆的受精方式是单精受精。     

太阳射电爆发现象中的电子回旋脉泽辐射

太阳射电爆发(Solar Radio Burst, SRB)是太阳高能电子与背景等离子体相互作用产生的感应辐射现象,其多样的动力学谱类型及其复杂的精细结构反映了辐射源区磁等离子体结构状态丰富的物理信息,而相关辐射机制则是解读相关物理信息的关键工具.长期以来,在SRB辐射机制的研究中一直存在着争议不决的两种主要机制,即等离子体辐射机制和电子回旋脉泽(Electron Cyclotron Maser, ECM)辐射机制.近年来,针对传统的ECM辐射机制应用到SRB现象时遇到的一些主要困难,发展了由幂律谱电子低能截止驱动和包含快电子束自生阿尔文波效应的新型ECM驱动模型,并成功应用于解释各类不同SRB动力学谱的形成机制.基于这些新型的ECM辐射模型,系统地总结了ECM辐射机制在各种不同类型SRB现象中的应用,并对它们不同动力学谱结构的形成给出了一致统一的物理解释.