鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂岩钠长石化与热液成岩作用研究

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层砂岩发育大量自生钠长石矿物,其成因和产出与浊沸石有关,含量和分布比浊沸石多而广泛,但没有引起人们的注意。大量详细岩相学观察发现延长组储层砂岩发育丰富的自生钠长石,其主要为由斜长石碎屑蚀变形成或呈胶结物充填分布在砂岩碎屑颗粒之间。钠长石中含有大量原生的发亮黄色荧光的油气包裹体,表明其形成与油气注入同时。电子探针成分分析表明,钠长石Na2O含量较高,几乎为斜长石的纯钠长石端员(NaAlSi3O8),没有钙长石端员(CaAl2Si2O8)。激光拉曼光谱特征反映出钠长石为沉积成岩期形成的低温钠长石,而非来源于岩浆岩或者变质岩区的碎屑钠长石。应用LA-MC-ICP/MS原位微分析技术对钠长石进行的稀土元素分析表明,延长组砂岩钠长石具有热水成岩作用地球化学特征,属于热液成岩作用产物。认为大量钠长石形成与石油充注的同时进行导致了储层致密过程中岩性油藏的形成。延长组储层砂岩中热液成岩作用对油藏形成和分布意义重大,值得重视和研究。     

论桐梓上升——志留纪埃隆晚期黔中古陆北扩的证据

黔渝川边区16个县、25个志留系兰多维列统剖面的岩石、生物地层、沉积构造、风化壳及其黏土矿物成分证实,在石牛栏组最上部沉积期间(埃隆晚期),上扬子海域南部海水曾一度退尽并遭受风化剥蚀,使黔中古陆范围明显扩大。埃隆晚期全球海平面处于上升期,而研究区却出现海平面下降、基底隆升并露出海面,笔者将这次地表升隆事件命名为桐梓上升。它的风化剥蚀过程是短暂的(可能不超过0.1Myr),但海底升隆过程漫长(可能超过2Myr)。扬子区在兰多维列世发生的上升事件(宜昌上升、桐梓上升和扬子上升)均受到华南大地构造活动的控制,这些活动深深地影响了扬子海域古地理变迁。相对而言,桐梓上升的范围最窄、规模最小、时限最短,在区域地层对比意义较大。志留纪可能在埃隆晚期之后,上扬子海域海水从黔东北向南,先到达黔中贵阳和黔东南凯里一带,后侵漫到黔东南三都和独山地区。分析表明,志留纪华南大地构造活动并非处于匀变状态下,而具有强弱不等的幕式活动阶段,反映了华南大地构造运动对上扬子海域影响的时间点与强度。     

安徽沿江地区晚石炭世黄龙组白云岩地球化学特征及其成因研究

安徽沿江地区晚石炭世黄龙组白云岩广泛发育,主要为晶粒白云岩,其次是角砾白云岩和残余颗粒白云岩。地球化学分析表明,安徽沿江地区黄龙组白云岩中Fe、Mn、Sr、Na含量分别为:2 567×10^-6(1 600×10^-6～4 400×10^-6)、353×10^-6(166×10^-6～742×10^-6)、109.7×10^-6(69.0×10^-6～176.5×10^-6)、288×10^-6(100×10^-6～700×10^-6),稀土元素总量为7.29×10^-6(2.56×10^-6～20.82×10^-6),ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值平均为3.07(1.16～10.17),经海水标准化后,显示LREE富集,HREE相对亏损,δCe平均为4.53(2.82～7.78),正异常显著,δEu平均为1.85(0.94～2.92),配分模式曲线显示白云岩化流体来自海水。白云岩中可见蒸发岩类或蒸发构造。综合分析认为该地区白云岩主要为准同生成因,部分为埋藏成岩成因,其中角砾白云岩为准同生成因,怀宁地区白云岩δEu平均为2.38(1.91～2.92),正异常显著,表明后期受到热液流体影响。     

Correlations between 11B NMR parameters and structural characters in borate and borosilicate minerals investigated by high-resolution MAS NMR and ab initio calculations

Borates consisting of diverse fundamental building blocks (FBB) formed from complex polymerization of planar triangular [Bϕ₃] groups and tetrahedral [Bϕ₄] groups, where ϕ = O and OH, provide an excellent opportunity for investigation of correlations between the NMR parameters and local structures. However, previous studies suggested that the ¹¹B NMR parameters in borates are insensitive to local structural environments other than the B coordination number, in contrast to those documented for ²⁹Si, ²³Na and ²⁷Al in silicates, and no correlation between ¹¹B chemical shifts and the sum of bond valences has been established for borate minerals with hydroxyl groups or molecular water in the structures. In this study, high-resolution NMR spectra have been acquired at the ultra high field of 21 T as well as at 14 T for selected borate and borosilicate minerals, and have been used to extract high-precision NMR parameters by using combined ab initio theoretical calculations and spectral simulations. These new NMR parameters reveal subtle correlations with various structural characters, especially the effects of the ¹¹B chemical shifts from the bridging oxygen atom(s), site symmetry, symmetry of FBB, the sum of bond valences, as well as the next-nearest-neighbor cations and hydrogen bonding. Also, these results provide new insights into the shielding mechanism for ¹¹B in borate and borosilicate minerals. In particular, this study demonstrates that the small variation in ¹¹B chemical shifts can still be used to probe the local structural environments and that the established correlations can be used to investigate the structural details in borates and amorphous materials.     

四川盆地基底断裂对长兴组生物礁的控制作用研究

四川盆地长兴组生物礁油气藏是国内外该类型油气藏的一个典型代表。在前人主要针对川东北地区提出台地边缘是生物礁发育有利部位的基础上,从盆地更广的尺度,结合国内外已有实例,着重从基底断裂角度,分析了其对生物礁发育的影响与控制作用。结果表明,盆地内长兴组发育有大量NE和NW向深大断裂,地层、岩相和构造证据均反映这些断裂在晚二叠世处于正断活动期,并形成了台—槽相间和台内棋盘格状堑垒构造格局。基底正断活动通过对古地理的影响来实现对生物礁的控制,生物礁受张性正断层上升盘"断隆"控制,分布于基底断裂古上升盘断阶处,如环海槽的台地边缘和台地内部断垒周缘。因此,除已获得重大突破的"环海槽礁滩气藏富气带"外,在台地内部靠基底断裂带附近,礁滩也可能发育,可作为今后油气勘探重点考虑的对象。这一研究新认识有助于拓展区域油气勘探思路,并为生物礁型油气成藏理论研究提供新的参考信息。     

北京市区域成矿规律初步研究

根据成矿理论和我国成矿规律研究的最新成果,对北京市区域成矿规律进行了初步研究,划分出2个Ⅳ级成矿区和5个Ⅴ级成矿带(或矿集区),并对其成矿特征进行了总结,编制了区域成矿规律图,这项研究对提高本地区地质工作研究程度、确定已知矿区深部及外围的找矿方向提供了依据.     

滨州市县域经济发展中土地利用的转变思路探讨

近几年,县域经济作为经济发展的重要基础越来越受到各级政府高度重视。滨州市以其特有的土地资源优势,为县域经济发展提供重要支撑。针对滨州市县域经济发展现状,从土地资源的比较优势人手,提出了在现阶段发展县域经济土地利用的新思路。     

Petroleum pollution and evolution of water quality in the Malian River Basin of the Longdong Loess Plateau,Northwestern China

The possible sources of water pollution and the evolution of water quality in the Malian River Basin of China’s Longdong Loess Plateau were studied based on chemical analysis. Concentrations of major chemicals in the river were related to the distance downstream from the source of the river and the surface water in the upstream had good quality, while the river from Southern Huanxian County to Qingcheng County was seriously polluted. Groundwater quality was generally good in the phreatic aquifer beneath the loess plateau, with bicarbonate and calcium dominant, but salinity was high and petroleum pollution was present in many parts of the study area. Both surface water and groundwater quality have declined rapidly during the past 20 years, leading to much of the water unsafe to drink and unsuitable for use in irrigation. The substances released into the water included industrial wastes, domestic sewage, organic and inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as a range of other substances that are harmful to humans. However, petroleum contamination caused by the oil industry in the Longdong oilfield is the largest source of pollution that infiltrates surface water and groundwater, leading to deterioration of water quality. It is recommended that oilfield management must be improved and the petroleum products and wastes must be disposed carefully to reduce the risk of further spills and pollution.     

川东北地区三叠系聚盐成钾机制及富集模式

川东北地区三叠系发育巨厚的蒸发岩层,并赋存优质的深层富钾卤水.因构造沉积条件的整体差异,川东北富钾卤水的成因机制与富集规律未有详尽研究.以"气钾兼探"为指导思想,综合利用野外露头?岩心?测井等资料,对川东北地区三叠系蒸发岩分布规律以及岩相古地理演化进行分析,明确了膏盐盆在T1j4?5?T2l1期间规模逐渐缩小、向SW逐...     

蛇绿混杂岩区1:5万填图工作方法研究 ——以云南省多条蛇绿混杂岩带的研究为例

近几年来,笔者依托大面积的1:5万区域地质调查及新一轮《云南省区域地质志》(第二版,修编)工作,梳理了云南省内存在10条蛇绿混杂岩带,通过对比研究,获得了一系列全新的认识.蛇绿混杂岩代表了地质历史时期已经消失了的古大洋残迹.古大洋受俯冲作用被压缩在板块之间,形成具有代表不同构造古地理单元、不同成因的岩石构造的异地堆垛体...