藏北美多锑矿床容矿硅质岩的地质地球化学特征及成因

文章通过野外地质调查和系统的岩石学、岩石化学、稀土及微量元素地球化学研究，探讨了藏北美多锑矿床容矿硅质岩的成因和大地构造环境。研究结果表明，美多锑矿容矿硅质岩以致密块状硅质岩为主；主元素化学组成表明，其形成时有大量陆源火山碎屑物质的介入；稀土元素组成及配分模式与热水硅质岩不同，显示其形成于大陆边缘环境；硅质岩和凝灰岩均呈Ba、Sr、P、Ti明显亏损和Nb弱亏损的特点，类似于成熟大陆弧花岗岩。     

万塘滑坡治理效果预测评价

万塘滑坡是湖北省秭归县香溪河右岸受库水位变动影响的土质滑坡,拟采用抗滑桩进行治理,迫切需要对治理效果进行预测评价。以万塘滑坡地质结构特征、形成机制为基础,采用极限平衡法、FLAC3D显式有限差分法、ABAQUS有限元法相结合,分别从滑坡治理前后稳定性系数变化、剩余推力大小、应力应变分布特征、塑性区变化、抗滑桩桩身结构受力条件5个方面对滑坡治理效果进行评价。研究结果显示,滑坡经治理后不但局部稳定性得到改善,整体稳定性也能满足规范要求。计算结果不但为自然条件下滑坡稳定性分析提供了参考,还为滑坡治理工程效果评价提供了依据,并对施工后布置监测工作有指导意义。     

基于叠前方位振幅的大港—埕海地区奥陶系风化壳裂缝储层的叠前预测

P波通过裂缝地层传播时,其响应会随着地面观测方位的变化而变化,表现出明显的方位各向异性.这种随方位变化的裂缝响应信息(如振幅等)广泛存在于叠前方位一偏移距二维空间域中,检测此域中的裂缝响应,通过椭圆拟合的方法识别各向异性的存在,进而计算裂缝的方向——椭圆长轴的方向,和裂缝密度——椭圆长轴与短轴的比.本文研究出了一种基于常规叠前地震反射振幅来检测裂缝的三维叠前裂缝储层预测方法.它采用面元组合的方法扩大方位角和偏移距范围;采用多级数据控制技术获取所需的信息;采用稳妥的技术步骤来预测.通过大港油田实际工区的应用,结果表明本文研究出的方法技术应用效果好、精度高、经济实用.     

Review of geology, alteration and origin of iron oxide–apatite deposits in the Cretaceous Ningwu basin, Lower Yangtze River Valley, eastern China: Implications for ore genesis and geodynamic setting

In the Cretaceous Ningwu volcano-sedimentary basin in the Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt, eastern China, there are three areas with a dense distribution of magnetite or hematite deposits: the Meishan deposit in the north; Washan, Nanshan and Taocun deposits in the center; and the Zhongjiu and Gushan deposits in the south. The mineralization in the Ningwu basin is associated mainly with subvolcanic intrusions, consisting of gabbro–diorite porphyry and/or gabbro–diorite. Alteration zoning of these deposits is pronounced, and includes: (1) an upper light colored zone of argillic, kaolinite, silica, carbonate and pyritic alteration (2) a middle dark colored zone of diopside, fluorapatite–magnetite, phlogopite, and garnet with fluorapatite–magnetite; (3) a lower light colored zone of extensive albitic alteration. However, at the Gushan iron deposit, the lower light colored zone and the middle dark colored zone are absent, whereas the principal alteration is represented by silicification, kaolinization, and carbonatization.The iron oxide–apatite deposits in the Ningwu basin are typically magmatic–metasomatic origin and are similar to the Kiruna-type deposits in Scandinavia, particularly with respect to mineral assemblages, fabric and structure of the iron ores, occurrence of the orebodies and wall rock alteration. The iron oxide–apatite deposits of the Ningwu basin contain magnetite and/or hematite, with diopside or actinolite and apatite gangue. They were formed in a rift or extensional environment and the mineralization is associated with alkaline magmatism. The time interval between magmatism and related mineralization is very short.     

Re-examination of Trends Related to Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific Basin

In order to re-examine some trends related to tropical cyclones（TCs） over the western North Pacific since 1949,the unreliable maximum sustained wind(V_max) recorded in the 1949-1978 TC best-track data from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute was modified based on the wind-pressure relationships（WPRs） in this study. Compared to the WPR scheme based on the cyclostrophic balance,the WPR scheme based on the gradient balance could give a better fit to TCs under higher wind speeds and could introduce smaller estimated errors for TCs locating at higher latitudes as well as TCs landing on the continent.After the V_max modification based on minimum sea-level pressure and TC center latitude,the revised annual number of category 4-5 typhoons shows no long-term trend,while the potential destructiveness measured by power-dissipation index decreases slightly,and this trend is not significant in the period 1949-2008.     

Surface deformation and gravity changes caused by dilatancy in a layered elastic-vis-coelastic half space

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大尺度水文模型TOPX构建及其与区域环境系统集成模式RIEMS的耦合

基于改进型SIMTOP参数化径流方案和新安江模型的三层土壤水量平衡计算方法,本文构建了一个输入数据和率定参数较少、同时具有地形指数尺度转换机制、较好描述二维水文过程的简单高效的大尺度水文模型TOPX,并将其与区域环境系统集成模式RIEMS紧密耦合,以增强区域气候模式对大尺度流域径流量的定量数值模拟能力．TOPX模型在酉水河流域和泾河流域的离线测试表明：该模型对小尺度流域的径流量模拟精度较高,能够较好地描述流域水文变化过程;同时,该模型在大尺度上具有较强的分布式模拟能力,能够捕捉陆面水文过程的主要特征和时空演变特点．TOPX与RIEMS的耦合模式在泾河流域进行了在线测试,借助TOPX模型中的地形指数降尺度转换和水文过程产汇流机制,耦合模式实现了利用区域气候模式模拟的气象资料来驱动水文模型进行大尺度流域日径流量的模拟．进一步分析还表明：区域气候模式RIEMS模拟的降水时空分布数据的精度是影响耦合模式对径流量模拟效果的关键因素．     

具有割缝的大理岩试件破坏过程的有限元模拟

本文使用应变软化的弹塑性本构模型,用有限元方法对具有中心斜割缝的岩石试件在轴压下的破坏过程进行了数值模拟。得到了与实验观察相当一致的结果:在割线端部附近,首先发生张破裂,裂纹的扩张是逐渐地弯向试件的轴线方向,并变为稳定的。随着轴向压力增加,在张裂纹的相反方向上出现共轭的剪破裂。这些现象与割缝顶端附近材料的应变软化性质有关。说明所采用的有限元方法是研究岩石材料破裂过程的一种可行的方法。     

单轴压缩下干燥和饱水岩石中超声P波的衰减

根据脉冲传播和频谱比方法的基本原理建立了一套超声波衰减和波速测量系统。研究了单轴压缩下超声P波在干燥和饱水的小浪底砂岩和房山大理岩中的衰减和速度。常压下,水饱和样品的Q_P值低于干燥样品。初始加载时,在大多数情况下,Q_p值明显增加即衰减减小;当应力水平达破裂强度50—60％后,岩石开始膨胀,Q_p减小即衰减增加;临近破裂Q_p减至最小。Q_p的变化量达一个数量级。单轴压缩下,在干燥和饱水的砂岩、大理岩中,V_p分别增加为27％和28％,44％和11％。径向Q_p和V_p随单轴压力的变化比轴向小得多,呈现明显各向异性。在本实验条件下,波在裂纹表面的摩擦耗散是主要的衰减机制,水的作用主要是潮湿和润滑裂纹表面,促进滑动,增加衰减。