利用IPA技术精细识别裂缝——以柴达木盆地南翼山工区为例

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基于双相介质理论的储层参数反演方法

传统基于单相介质理论的储层参数反演方法将孔隙流体与固体骨架等效为单一固体,弱化了孔隙流体的影响,反演结果精度不高.本文提出根据双相介质理论反演储层参数的方法.首先,在前人研究的基础上,利用岩石物理模型建立弹性参数与孔隙度、饱和度、泥质含量等储层参数间的关系,进而将双相介质反射系数推导为储层参数的函数;其次,根据贝叶斯反演理论,在高斯噪声假设的基础上,采用更加符合实际情况的修正柯西分布函数描述反射系数的稀疏性,推导出储层物性参数目标反演函数;最后,应用差分进化非线性全局寻优算法来求解目标反演函数,使得反演结果与实际资料间误差最小.新方法旨在突出流体对介质反射系数的影响,以期得到较高的储层参数反演精度.模型与实际资料测试均表明该方法可行、有效且反演精度较高.     

裂缝型储层流体识别方法

裂缝型储层的描述包括预测裂缝分布特征和识别裂隙充填物.依据等效介质理论计算的纵波速度随裂缝密度的增大而减小.正演地震记录显示,裂缝介质含气时反射振幅最大,且变化程度比含油或含水时大.叠前方位AVO反演所得的各向异性梯度Bani与裂缝密度成正比,可用于描述有效裂缝发育强度.对于不同的裂缝密度,各向异性梯度Bani与各向同性梯度Biso的比值I(1)fluid近似为常数,且对流体敏感.经裂缝纵横比和背景介质拉梅常数修正后,流体因子Ifluid既不随纵横比变化,又不受背景介质的影响,是裂缝型储层敏感的流体识别因子.在塔里木盆地塔北哈拉哈塘地区热瓦普区块碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育区域,运用该参数在井点处的流体识别效果与钻井结果一致.     

基于NDSI-NDVI特征空间的积雪面积反演研究

积雪是新疆高海拔地区大多数河流的重要补给来源之一, 不仅是春汛期间融雪性洪水灾害和冰冻灾害的直接原因, 在水资源管理、 灾害防治和融雪模拟预报中也扮演着重要角色. 针对目前积雪信息提取方法的优势与不足, 结合二维特征空间理论, 构建积雪信息反演模型, 并与支持向量机提取积雪信息进行精度对比分析. 结果表明: 相比其他积雪信息提取方法, 利用归一化积雪指数(NDSI)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)建立二维特征空间, 且在特征空间基础之上构建的NN模型, 反演新疆北部积雪信息精度较高, 相关系数达0.837, 提取精度优于支持向量机(SVM)方法, 对当地防洪灾害模拟预测、 生态环境保护、 社会经济发展等方面具有一定参考意义.     

~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar Dating of Albite and Phlogopite from Porphyry Iron Deposits in the Ningwu Basin in East-Central China and Its Significance

40Ar-39Ar dating of albite from the Meishan and Taocun iron deposits yields plateau ages of 122.90±0.16 Ma and 124.89±0.30 Ma, and isochron ages of 122.60±0.16 Ma and 124.90±0.29 Ma, respectively. Phlogopite from the Zhongshan-Gushan ore field has a plateau age of 126.7±0.17 Ma and an isochron age of 127.21±1.63 Ma. Analysis of regional geodynamic evolution of the middle-lower Yangtze River region suggests that the porphyry iron deposits were formed as a result of large-scale lithosphere delamination and strong sinistral strike-slip movement of the Tancheng Lujiang fault zone. The copper, molybdenum and gold deposit system in the middle-lower Yangtze River region was formed during the stress transition period of the eastern China continent.     

地震危险性分析中最大地震震级的确定

最大地震的概念被广泛地应用于地震危险性分析研究中．在全球大陆的许多地方,由于缺乏详细的地质调查,已有的地质分析和构造类比等方法的应用面临着困难．本文根据历史地震资料,基于最大历史地震的概念,并引人核函数的基本思想,提出了一种确定最大地震震级的新方法．利用不同的确定最大震级的方法所进行的危险性分析结果的系统对比研究表明,将本文方法应用于地震危险性分析之中是实际可行的．与其他方法相比,该方法不仅适用于地质构造、地表形变等资料缺乏的区域,而且能在一定程度上反映出地震空间上的分形特征．     

深凹露天矿大气边界层三维非静力数值模拟及空气质量预测

针对深凹露天矿的情况,建立了一个高分辨的、三维非静力的边界层模式,对某深凹露天矿实际地形及气象条件下的边界层结构进行了模拟,并与一个粒子随机游动空气质量模式相连接,对该露天矿矿区的空气质量状况进行了初步预测。结果表明,该模式具有模拟小尺度深凹地形边界层的能力,复环流区封闭、低速和高湍能的特点是造成坑内污染的重要机制。     

西藏冈底斯成矿带浅成低温热液型金锑矿床的发现及其意义--以西藏弄如日金锑矿床为例

通过化探、槽探和平硐等手段,对位于冈底斯成矿带东段的弄如日金矿床进行了评价和研究,在矿区发现金矿化带4条,圈出金矿体5个,控制2．3g／t品位以上的金资源量（333＋3341）为2．97t,确定该矿床属典型的浅成中低温热液型金矿床。矿区的金矿体赋存于破碎蚀变角岩和蚀变二长花岗斑岩中,受南北向正断裂系统的控制,矿化以金为主,伴有辉锑矿、雄黄、黄铁矿等矿物,可分为浅成低温热液和表生氧化2个成矿期,金可能以独立的自然金状态存在于脉石矿物的粒问或裂隙中。弄如日金矿床形成于伸展构造背景,在空间上居斑岩铜矿床外围,成矿时代为中新世一上新世,与冈底斯斑岩型铜钼矿床及其外围的矽卡岩型铅锌矿床的成矿时代基本一致,说明三者受统一的成矿作用制约,属斑岩岩浆一热液成矿系统中的浅成低温热液型金锑矿床。     

福建省后汛期旱涝与大气环流和海温的关系研究

利用NCAR/NCEP再分析资料和福建省47个站的降水资料,分析福建后汛期典型旱涝年份的大气环流和海温场特征,探讨福建后汛期降水异常的可能机理。结果表明：福建典型旱涝年份大气环流和北太平洋海温距平场存在明显差异;福建夏季降水的丰欠,主要取决于西太平洋副高的强度、分布以及南侧热带辐合带活动情况;赤道附近海温距平差异以及邻近海域黑潮区的海温距平差异,也是造成福建后汛期降水异常的原因。     

Spatiotemporal Pattern and Driving Force Analysis of Vegetation Variation in Altay Prefecture based on Google Earth Engine

Quantitative evaluation and driving mechanism analysis of vegetation dynamics are essential for promoting regional sustainable development. In the past 20 years, the ecological environment in Altay Prefecture has changed significantly due to global warming. Meanwhile, with increasing human activities, the spatiotemporal pattern and driving forces of vegetation variation in the area are uncertain and difficult to accurately assess. Hence, we quantified the vegetation growth by using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on the Google Earth Engine (GEE). Then, the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed at the pixel scale. Finally, significance threshold segmentation was performed using meteorological data based on the correlation analysis results, and the contributions of climate change and human activities to vegetation variation were quantified. The results demonstrated that the vegetation coverage in Altay Prefecture is mainly concentrated in the north. The vegetation areas representing significant restoration and degradation from 2000 to 2019 accounted for 24.08% and 1.24% of Altay Prefecture, respectively. Moreover, spatial correlation analysis showed that the areas with significant correlations between NDVI and temperature, precipitation and sunlight hours accounted for 3.3%, 6.9% and 20.3% of Altay Prefecture, respectively. In the significant restoration area, 18.94% was dominated by multiple factors, while 3.4% was dominated by human activities, and 1.74% was dominated by climate change. Within the significant degradation area, abnormal degradation and climate change controlled 1.07% and 0.17%, respectively. This study revealed the dynamic changes of vegetation and their driving mechanisms in Altay Prefecture, and can provide scientific support for further research on life community mechanism theory and key remediation technology of mountain-water-forest-farmland-lake-grass in Altay Prefecture.