Correlation of atmospheric occurences over the United States with some physical and chemical parameters. Part III: Frequencies of precipitation

Summary Correlation between some physical and chemical variables, measured at 28 stations of the United States Weather Bureau Network, and seasonal and annual frequencies of precipitation, has been attempted with the aim of gaining insight into the bearing of such variables, on occurrence of precipitation. — Concurrent trends of frequencies with local temperature functions, altitude parameters, precipitable water vapour increments, and some chemical species have been found.Contribution of the «Centro Nucleazione Aerosoli» of the National Research Council of Italy, Via Vettore 4 (Monte Sacro),Roma.     

用改进的超声波-溶菌酶法制备钝顶螺旋藻原生质球

用改进的超声波-溶菌酶法制备钝顶螺旋藻原生质球。钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)经超声波破碎后,用1.5 mol/L NaCl的Zarrouk培养基洗去细胞外壁的胶质鞘,然后进行酶解。酶解条件为:pH7.2的0.2 mol/L磷酸钾缓冲液,0.8 mol/L KCl,0.5%溶菌酶,28~30℃水浴震荡酶解5~7 h,获得40%以上有活力的钝顶螺旋藻原生质球。     

青岛液体化工码头苯罐泄漏对大气环境的影响

预测和评价了青岛港液体化工码头苯贮罐苯泄漏对大气环境的影响．结果表明，苯罐一旦发生泄苯事故，会对大气环境造成不同程度的影响；在最不利天气条件下，泄漏挥发量为3375kg，会导致22人死亡；泄漏挥发量为1237kg，会导致4人死亡；如果同样的泄苯挥发量，发生在微风条件下，则分别有4人死亡和无人死亡；若发生33kg泄漏挥发量，无论在何种天气条件下，都不会导致人员伤亡。     

大菱鲆幼鱼视网膜结构及不同光谱下视蛋白基因表达特征的研究

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是中国重要的养殖鱼类之一, 其生活史经历不同的栖息地和光环境, 视觉器官结构及视觉功能也具有适应性发育特征和可塑性。本研究以不同发育阶段的大菱鲆幼鱼为对象, 探究了其视网膜结构变化、视蛋白基因的表达特征及其与光谱之间的关系。结果表明, 随着大菱鲆幼鱼的生长发育, 其视网膜的外核层逐渐变厚; 视锥视杆层的厚度变化不明显; 而内核层与神经节细胞层逐渐变薄。视紫红质基因rh1与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例上升, 由2月龄的57.35%上升到9月龄77.19%; 视锥蛋白基因与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例下降; 其中红视蛋白基因lws 由2月龄的4.49%下降至9月龄的0.13%。将7月龄的大菱鲆幼鱼用不同光谱处理75 d后, 其视蛋白基因的表达会随光谱环境的变化而发生改变。与全光谱相比, rh2b1、sws2、sws1在红、黄光下的表达量显著下降, 而rh2b1在蓝、绿光下表达显著上升、sws2在绿光下表达显著上升, 其他则变化不显著(P<0.05)。黄、绿、蓝及全光谱下rh2基因家族与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例最高, 而红光下基因rh1的表达量占比最高。大菱鲆幼鱼在不同阶段以及不同光谱处理下表现出了视蛋白基因表达的可塑性以适应不同水层的光谱环境。本研究为探究大菱鲆对光环境的适应机制及工厂化养殖光照调控技术的建立提供理论参考。     

1998年春深圳湾环节环沟藻赤潮及其发生原因的探讨

1998年4月23日至29日深圳湾发生了较大规模的环节环沟藻赤潮,面积逾200km2,细胞密度高达3.8×106 个/L。赤潮发生于大量降雨之后 ,高峰期水体盐度在20以下。在深圳河河口海域 ,虽然富营养化程度也较高 ,但由于悬浮物含量过高 ,浮游植物及环节环沟藻数量较少。赤潮期间 ,深圳湾没有发生死鱼现象 ,养殖牡蛎的大量死亡估计与赤潮无关     

Photochemical models of the atmosphere and their application in ozonosphere and climate studies: A review

This review is devoted to problems in the photochemical modeling of atmospheric processes. The physicochemical and mathematical foundations underlying the construction of photochemical models are described, a classification of the atmospheric reactions is presented, and the features of photochemical modeling are considered under various irradiance conditions for various atmospheric layers and geographical regions. Atmospheric processes that are important to photochemical models are discussed. Applications involving photochemical models are outlined. Some results are presented to illustrate the capabilities of photochemical models. Special attention is given to relatively recent directions in photochemical modeling, such as data assimilation and inverse problems. The review can be used by experts in areas related to atmospheric chemistry as a basic source of knowledge on the subject and for the development of photochemical modules for atmospheric models.     

A seismic refraction study of cretaceous oceanic lithosphere in the Northwest Pacific Basin

A seismic refraction study on old (110 Myr) lithosphere in the northwest Pacific Basin has placed constraints on crustal and uppermantle seismic structure of old oceanic lithosphere, and lithospheric aging processes. No significant lateral variation in structure other than azimuthally anisotropic mantle velocities was found, allowing the application of powerful amplitude modeling techniques. The anisotropy observed is in an opposite sense to that expected, suggesting the tectonic setting of the area may be more complex than originally thought. Upper crustal velocities are generally larger than for younger crust, supporting current theories of decreased porosity with crustal aging. However, there is no evidence for significant thickening of the oceanic crust with age, nor is there any evidence of a lower crustal layer of high or low velocity relative to the velocity of the rest of Layer 3. The compressional and shear wave velocities rule out a large component of serpentinization of mantle materials. The only evidence for a basal crustal layer of olivine gabbro cumulates is a 1.5 km thick Moho transition zone. In the slow direction of anisotropy, upper mantle velocities increase from 8.0 km s^-1 to 8.35 km s^-1 in the upper 15 km below the Moho. This increase is inconsistent with an homogeneous upper mantle and suggests that compositinal or phase changes occur near the Moho.     

东太平洋地区DSDP573孔始新世末期的微玻璃陨石

通过研究 DSDP5 73孔的岩心样品 ,首次在该孔始新世与渐新世的界线地层含金属粘土层中发现了微玻璃陨石 ,且主要富集在其底部。一个样品 (5 g)中最多可达 12粒。这些微玻璃陨石主要呈球形、椭球形。用电子探针测试了其化学成分 ,Si O2 含量为 2 9.6 4%～ 5 8.93%,Al2 O3 为 3.42 %～ 2 0 .96 %,Fe O为 9.98%～ 2 9.5 5 %,Mg O为 4.32 %～ 16 .0 5 %,Ir为 0 .0 6 %～ 0 .81%。总体来说 ,微玻璃陨石的化学成分变化较大 ,可能与靶岩的成分变化较大有关。始新世末期北美微玻璃陨石场的展布方向约为 2 5 0°,这与太平洋板块运动方向改变所需要的矢量变化(2 45°)仅相差 5°,推测很可能是始新世末期陨星的撞击引起了太平洋板块在该时期的运动方向由 NNW突然变为NWW。     

On the structural evolution of the Central Trough in the Norwegian and Danish sectors of the North Sea

The Central Trough of the North Sea is not a simple rift graben. It is an elongated area of regional subsidence which was initiated in mid Cretaceous times and continued to subside through to the late Tertiary. Its form is not representative of pre-mid Cretaceous tectonics.In Late Permian times the North Sea was divided into a northern and southern Zechstein basin by the E-W trending Mid North Sea-Ringkøbing-Fyn High. The latter was dissected by a narrow graben trending NNW through the Tail End Graben and the Søgne Basin. The Feda Graben was a minor basin on the northern flank of the Mid North Sea High at this time. This structural configuration persisted until end Middle Jurassic times when a new WNW trend separated the Tail End Graben from the Søgne Basin. Right lateral wrench movement on this new trend caused excessive subsudence in the Tail End and Feda Grabens while the Søgne Basin became inactive.Upper Jurassic subsidence trends continued during the Early Cretaceous causing the deposition of large thicknesses of sediments in local areas along the trend. From mid Cretaceous times the regional subsidence of the Central Trough was dominant but significant structural inversions occurred in those areas of maximum Early Cretaceous and Late Jurassic subsidence.     

梭鱼标准代谢、内源氮排泄与体重和温度的关系

在 13.5 ,18,2 1.5 ,2 4和 2 7℃ 5个温度条件下测定了梭鱼 (体重范围 1.88～ 14.0 2 g)的标准代谢率和内源氮排泄率。梭鱼标准代谢率随体重的增加而增加 ,二者的关系为幂函数关系 ;随温度的升高而增加 ,二者的关系为指数关系 ;标准代谢率与体重和温度的关系可用如下方程表示 :RS=0 .12 4 6 W0 .9954 e0 .0 84 1T(r2 =0 .92 2 0 )。梭鱼的氨氮、尿素、总氮及能量的排泄率随体重和温度的增加而增加 ,与体重为幂函数关系 ,与温度的关系为多项式形式。梭鱼氨氮和尿素日排泄率的变幅分别为 0 .15～ 0 .88mg N/d和 0 .0 3～ 0 .2 9mg N/d。不同温度下 ,尿素排泄量占总氮比例在 9.9%～2 2 .4 9%之间 ,随温度升高该值有逐渐增大的趋势。