Pb distribution and translocation in Jiaozhou Bay

The trends of distribution, translocation and seasonal change of heavy metal Pb were studied based on the surface and bottom water sampling in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979, and compared with those in 1990＇s. The results showed that the source of Pb in the bay was from wastewater and sewage in the east of Jiaozhou Bay from ocean vessels. Pb concentration was higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn, and remained stable through sedimentation in the bottom layer. The overall water quality was good in 1970＇s. Compared with the environmental monitoring data of 1995-1999, Pb pollution had become serious. Therefore, more efforts should be made to protect the bay from Pb pollution.     

一种基于GTP的复杂地质体真3维

在总结分析现有复杂断层及倒转褶皱3维建模方法的基础上,提出一种基于广义三棱柱（GTP）的3维交互建模方法（岩柱体分区RPBP建模法）。文中定义了岩柱体、界限三角形两个重要概念,RPBP法可以通过构建断层界限三角形,将复杂断层系转化为多个简单断层系,然后采用构建简单断层系模型的方法来实现复杂断层系的3维建模;而对于倒转褶皱,RPBP法则通过构建褶皱轴界限三角形避免数据局部重复和冲突,使GTP建模过程得以顺利进行。实验表明,该方法能便捷可靠地实现含多断层相互切割、倒转褶皱等复杂地质体的真3维建模。     

以“3S”集成技术为基础的“LBS”极地应用研究

分析了极地环境特点,并根据极地的基本情况确定极地位置服务(LBS)的系统架构,详细介绍了在极地位置服务中所用到的技术内容及技术特点,主要包括车辆和人员的监控技术、基于PDA的定位技术及极地的通讯技术等.     

基于GIS技术的道路交通安全信息系统研究

以GIS技术为基础,针对道路交通事故信息管理的具体要求和特点,分析交通事故的发生原因、概率及各种隐患表现的定性或定量具体内容,利用GIS-RTSIS对交通事故进行分析,标示事故黑点信息和空间分布,并研究引发交通事故的各种因素,在有效掌握道路交通安全系统问题的同时,找到预防交通安全事故发生的各种途径,为道路安全评价和控制提供决策依据.文章以哈尔滨市GIS-RTSIS模拟示范工程为例.详细探讨了有关基于GIS的道路交通安全信息系统的框架设计、系统研制及开发思路.     

二次土地调查中部分技术问题解决方法的探讨

通过土地利用更新调查与第二次土地调查在调查技术手段方面存在的主要差异对比,发现影像套合会使调查结果产生严重的误差。结合这几年从事土地利用更新调查工作经验,提出了差分校正法,不仅有效地解决了影像套合所带来的误差,还缩短了工作周期,提高了效率。     

铣削斜楔形区域形成及其对流场负压区的影响规律

【目的】研究在内喷淋冷却高速铣孔加工中,铣削斜楔形区域的形成对流场负压区的影响。【方法】对高速湿式铣削加工区域建立三维流场模型,应用计算流体力学软件Fluent,采用非结构化四面体网格单元,利用滑移网格技术对高速铣削过程进行三维瞬态计算。【结果】得到不同刃数、不同转速的立铣刀对同一孔径工件进行切削时流场的压力分布情况。三刃立铣刀斜楔形对流场负压影响最大,当立铣刀刃数增加时,此斜楔形区缩小,负压减小,转速为10 000～20 000 r/min时增长速度逐渐降低,20 000～35 000 r/min时增长速度逐渐增高。【结论】从流场角度分析,流场中最大负压值与转速呈正相关,转速的提高增加了抑制空化的难度;增加铣刀刃数,可减小流场斜楔形区面积,减小空化可能。     

荒漠生态质量科学框架:概念、指标、监测及评估（英文）

荒漠生态系统是地球上最大的陆地生态系统,全球四分之一的人口生活在这一区域。清晰地定义荒漠生态系统生态质量,制定反映生态质量优劣的关键监测指标,集成"星–空–地"一体化监测技术、构建综合评价模型可为干旱区生态质量监测、促进区域可持续发展提供技术支撑。荒漠生态质量是指一定时空范围内荒漠生态系统要素、结构和功能的综合特征。该研究通过集成卫星、无人机和地面传感器网络的"星–空–地"一体化监测技术,在区域和站点两个尺度上对荒漠生态系统的生态要素、生物多样性和生态功能进行连续监测,通过标准化生态质量指标数值、厘定其阈值范围,构造判断矩阵建立生态质量综合评价模型,评价荒漠生态系统质量状况。本论文阐明了构建荒漠生态质量动态综合监测技术规范与评价方法的概念框架,为实现我国荒漠生态系统生态质量综合监测、科学诊断和定量评估提供理论基础。     

The Scientific Conceptual Framework for Ecological Quality of the Dryland Ecosystem: Concepts,Indicators, Monitoring and Assessment

The dryland ecosystem is the dominant component of the global terrestrial ecosystem since arid regions occupy 45% of the earth’s land area and feed 38% of the world's population. The stability and sustainable development of the dryland ecosystem are critical for achieving the millennium development goal (MDG) in the arid and semiarid areas. However, there is still no scientific guideline for measuring and conserving the health and productivity of dryland ecosystems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the scientific conceptual framework of defining, monitoring and evaluating the ecological quality of dryland ecosystems. The ecological quality of dryland ecosystems is represented by a system of comprehensive indicators that are each extracted from the ecological elements, and structural and functional indices of the ecosystem. These indicators can be monitored by integrating satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles with ground-based sensor networks at the scale of either observational sites or regional scales. Finally, the ecological quality can be evaluated by evaluation models based on the normalized index values and their thresholds. This paper presents a conceptual framework for monitoring and evaluating the ecological quality of drylands, which provides a way of advancing the monitoring, diagnosis, and evaluation of the ecological quality of the dryland ecosystems.     

FIO-ESM气候模式北太平洋海表温度和降水的季节性预报技巧评估

The seasonal prediction of sea surface temperature(SST) and precipitation in the North Pacific based on the hindcast results of The First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model(FIO-ESM) is assessed in this study.The Ensemble Adjusted Kalman Filter assimilation scheme is used to generate initial conditions, which are shown to be reliable by comparison with the observations. Based on this comparison, we analyze the FIO-ESM 6-month hindcast results starting from each month of 1993–2013. The model exhibits high SST prediction skills over most of the North Pacific for two seasons in advance. Furthermore, it remains skillful at long lead times for midlatitudes. The reliable prediction of SST can transfer fairly well to precipitation prediction via air-sea interactions.The average skill of the North Pacific variability(NPV) index from 1 to 6 months lead is as high as 0.72(0.55) when El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and NPV are in phase(out of phase) at initial conditions. The prediction skill of the NPV index of FIO-ESM is improved by 11.6%(23.6%) over the Climate Forecast System, Version 2. For seasonal dependence, the skill of FIO-ESM is higher than the skill of persistence prediction in the later period of prediction.     

利用卫星遥感海面温度、高度联合反演南海北部三维温度场

利用历史观测得到的温度剖面数据,通过严格筛选和插值,建立了南海北部的气候态垂向温度剖面。随后,利用回归统计分析的方法构建了海面温度异常(SSTA)、海面高度异常(SSHA)联合扩展温度剖面的经验回归模型,并采用卫星遥感得到的SST和SSH数据扩展了南海北部的三维海洋温度场,其时间分辨率为天,空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°。通过与观测数据的对比研究,扩展得到的温度场可以较为准确地反映南海北部温度剖面的结构特征,并且能有效地体现出一些中尺度变化过程。结果表明,本研究反演得到的三维温度扩展场是较为可靠的,它可以作为海洋数值模型的初始场,实现现场观测数据和卫星遥感数据的互补,有助于更好地分析南海北部温度场的三维结构及变化特征。