渤海海岸带地区土地利用时空演变及景观格局响应

综合利用RS、GIS和景观生态学方法,以渤海海岸带地区1995、2000、2005和2008年土地利用分布图为基础, 分析了渤海海岸带地区近13年间的土地利用时空演变及其景观响应,得到以下结论：（1）渤海海岸带地区土地利用 年动态变化率在2000年—2005年间最大,为0.40%;2005年—2008年段次之;1995年—2000年间最小;（2）下辽河平 原、海河平原以及黄河三角洲地区为土地利用动态发生的主要区域;（3）监测期内,城乡、工矿、居民用地的面积扩 展明显,且主要来源于其周边的优质耕地,但在耕地流向城乡、工矿、居民用地的同时,有较大面积的林地和草地转 向耕地,因此监测期内耕地的总面积变化不大,海域向陆地土地利用类型的转化（即填海造陆）是该区域一种特殊的 土地利用动态类型,并随着时间推移速度越来越快;（4）整个区域在监测期内表现出多种土地利用类型（未利用地、 水域等）的小型斑块被整合,而优势土地利用类型（主要是耕地和城乡、工矿、居民用地）的大型斑块则积极向外扩 展的发展态势,整个景观表现出多样性和均匀度减小而优势度增加的趋势。     

峡东地区的“三峡奇石”——沉积结核

峡东地区大量发现的具有极大观赏价值的三峡奇石,实际上是夹持在沉积岩中的同生大型钙(硅)质沉积结核.通过对这些奇石野外特征、内部组成、形成环境等方面的研究,表明它们应该是形成于强还原环境中陆棚浅海一滞流(海湾)盆地,稳定水动力条件下的产物.本文借鉴“人工合成锰矿物实验及其产物”报道的经验和“晶体成核理论”以及国外有关学者的近期研究见解,全面深入地分析、讨论了该类罕见的同生钙质结核的形成机理.     

集安市团结区地质特征及物探异常分析

通过对集安市团结区地质特征的介绍,结合本区开展的物探激电中梯测量所取得的成果,确定该区的找矿方向。实践证明地质、物探方法相结合对于地质找矿具有重要意义。     

饱和砂土地震液化机理分析及地基处理的应用

饱和砂土在地震荷裁作用下极易发生液化,对工程建筑造成危害。本文探讨了地震力作用下饱和砂土的液化机理。通过实例说明cFG桩和碎石桩共用具有明显的抗液化效果,并提出CFG桩和碎石桩抗液化,需进一步研究的问题。     

Optical properties of estuarine dissolved organic matter isolated using cross-flow ultrafiltration

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) from freshwater, mid-salinity, and seawater endmember samples in the Jiulong River Estuary, China were fractionated using cross-flow ultrafiltration with a 10-kDa membrane. The colloidal organic matter(COM; 10 kDa–0.22 μm) retentate, low molecular weight(LMW) DOM(10 kDa) permeate, and bulk samples were analyzed using absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission-matrix spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectra of COM were very similar to those obtained for permeate and bulk samples, decreasing monotonically with increasing wavelength. Most of the chromophoric DOM(CDOM, expressed as the absorption coefficient a355) occurred in the LMW fraction, while the percentage of CDOM in the colloidal fraction was substantially higher in the freshwater endmember(13.4% of the total) than in the seawater endmember(6.8%). The bulk CDOM showed a conservative mixing behavior in the estuary, while there was removal of the COM fraction and a concurrent addition of the permeate fraction in the mid-salinity sample, implying that part of the colloidal CDOM was transformed into LMW CDOM. Two humic-like components(C1: 250, 325/402 nm; and C2: 265, 360/458 nm) and one protein-like component(C3: 275/334 nm) were identified using parallel factor analysis. The contributions of the C1, C2, and C3 components of the COM fraction to the bulk sample were 2.5%–8.7%, 4.8%–12.6%, and 7.4%–14.7%, respectively, revealing that fluorescent DOM occurred mainly in the LMW fraction in the Jiulong River Estuary. The C1 and C2 components in the retentate and permeate samples showed conservative mixing behavior, but the intensity ratio of C2/C1 was higher in the retentate than in the permeate fractions for all salinity samples, showing that the humic component was more enriched in the COM than the fulvic component. The intensity ratio of C3/(C1+C2) was much higher in the retentate than in the permeate fraction for mid-salinity and seawater samples, revealing that the protein-like component was relatively more enriched in COM than the humic-like component. The contribution of the protein-like component(C3) to the total fluorescence in the retentate increased from 14% in the freshwater endmember to 72% for the seawater endmember samples, clearly indicating the variation of dominance by the humic-like component compared to the protein-like component during the estuarine mixing process of COM.     

惠州25-8 DPP组块动力定位浮托安装研究

从动力定位船舶浮托安装研究出发,归纳了动力定位船舶浮托安装的优势,并以"海洋石油278"驳船进行组块浮托安装为例,提出了南中国海大型组块采用动力定位船舶浮托安装的气候窗及动力定位能力分析方法,给出了惠州25-8 DPP组块动力定位浮托安装的关键设计结果。本研究对环境恶劣海况下的大型组块浮托安装具有一定借鉴意义。     

Bacterial diversity in Arctic marine sediment determined by culture-dependent and-independent approaches

Bacterial diversity in surface sediment from the Arctic Ocean was investigated by culture-dependent and-independent approaches. Conventional culture-dependent techniques revealed 11 strains based on their distinct morphological characteristics on marine Zobell 2216E agar plates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to three major lineages of the Bacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and that they included 10 genera. Most isolates were psychrotrophic, and NaCl was not necessary for their growth. Furthermore, they exhibited activity of at least one extracellular hydrolytic enzyme at 4°C and had various abilities to assimilate carbon sources. A total of 67 phylotypes were detected among 142 clones based on the 16S rRNA library of the total community DNA and grouped into nine major lineages of bacteria. Phylotypes affiliated with γ-, δ- and ε-proteobacteria accounted for 36.7%, 21.8% and 16.9% of the total clones, respectively. The rest of the clones belonged to Bacteroidetes, α-proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Nitrospirae and an unclassified group.     

2012年盛夏山东西部一次短时强降水天气的形成机制

利用常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料、卫星云图和雷达资料,对2012年7月4日山东省西部一次短时强降水的天气形势、物理量条件、云图和雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：在有利降水的大尺度天气系统背景下,低层冷空气和中尺度天气系统造成了本次短时强降水天气;低层925hPa和1 000 hPa的充沛水汽和辐合上升运动有利于强降水天气的发生,正涡度中心对应强降水中心;地面辐合线和低压环流造成本次短时强降水天气;中尺度对流云团和地面中尺度系统相对应,其位置和维持时间与强降水的落区和时间基本一致。雷达组合反射率因子〉45 dBZ的强回波区与强降水落区基本吻合;雷达平均径向速度产品逆风区中辐合流场的出现和维持及回波顶高的上升对应地面中尺度气旋式环流的形成和维持;逆风区中辐散流场的出现和维持及回波顶高的下降,对应地面中尺度气旋式环流的减弱;短时强降水出现的初期,垂直累积液态水含量出现了一个峰值,峰值出现时间提前于较强降水时段。     

城市CORS系统在地铁GPS控制网测量中的应用研究——以北京地铁16号线及海淀山后线为例

就城市CORS系统控制点作为地铁控制网起算点的情况进行介绍,对其可行性进行试验,并将试验结果与北京市C级GPS点作为起算点的成果进行对比分析。试验结果表明,将CORS系统的控制点用于地铁控制网的起算点,精度可以满足布设地铁控制网的需要,在控制网的稳定性和工作量节省方面具有一定优势。     

多维统一GIS构建与实现的几何代数方法

针对时空GIS发展所面临的时空表达不统一,高维扩展困难等问题,基于以多维统一和坐标无关为特征的几何代数理论,建立多维统一GIS构建的层次体系与方法。利用几何代数对象构造中几何维度与Grassmann维度的一致性,实现整合维度结构与几何关系的多维地理对象自适应表达。利用几何代数算子的特征内蕴与结构明晰特性,构建多维统一计算模型以及可支撑复杂地理计算的多维统一分析框架,进而建立基于几何代数的多维统一GIS系统架构与实现方案。对上述关键技术加以实现并进行了相关应用案例分析。结果显示,基于几何代数构建的多维统一GIS有望突破现有时空GIS的不足,可为以多维统一表达与运算为特征GIS的发展提供新的数学工具与实现途径。