兰州地区新近纪地层的沉积相与古环境记录

兰州地区位于黄土和青藏高原的过渡带,其第三纪地层对研究风尘沉积发育和青藏高原隆升都有着特殊的意义。本研究以0.25 m为间距对厚度210 m的兰州皋兰山剖面的新近纪地层采集样品901个,在实验室对试验样品进行前处理后对其进行了粒度、磁化率和色度测试。用粒度分布函数的方法分离了沉积物的各成因组分,确定了风成组分和水成组分在全剖面沉积物中所占的百分比。结合色度和磁化率的实验结果分析表明,皋兰山剖面地层以风尘沉积为主,其间夹有河流相沉积的约15层砂岩。古环境的恢复表明,兰州地区从至少约7 Ma开始,沉积地层经历了由河湖相向风尘沉积转变,气候干旱化开始,与黄土高原风尘序列堆积底界8～7 Ma基本一致。6～5.2 Ma构造稳定,是比较开阔的平原环境,并且气候条件比较湿热;5.2～3.5 Ma间构造波动比较频繁,形成了间隔性的河流相砂岩沉积,而在气候表现为干冷;自3.5 Ma开始,兰州地区发生相对构造沉陷,五泉砾岩层的发育是对青藏运动A幕的具体响应。     

柴西乌南-绿草滩地区古近系下干柴沟组下段储盖组合与勘探潜力

运用层序地层学的理论和方法,综合钻井、测井和三维地震资料,在柴西乌南-绿草滩地区古近系下干柴沟组下段识别出两个层序界面,将其划分为1个长期基准面旋回(三级层序)LSC1和4个中期基准面旋回(四级层序)MSC1、MSC2、MSC3和MSC4。在等时地层格架约束下,详细分析了研究区储集层、盖层及储盖组合的发育规律与基准面旋回的内在联系,指出本区古近系下干柴沟组下段具有较大的油气勘探潜力。     

Spatial and temporal variations of coastlines in northern China (2000-2012)

This study examined the spatial distribution of the continent coastline in northern China using remote sensing and GIS techniques, and calculated the fractal dimension of the coastline by box-counting method, with a time span from 2000 to 2012. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of spatial-temporal changes in the coastline's length and fractal dimension, the relationship between the length change and fractal dimension change, and the driving forces of coastline changes in northern China. During the research period, the coastline of the study area increased by 637.95 km, at a rate of 53.16 km per year. On the regional level, the most significant change in coastline length was observed in Tianjin and Hebei. Temporally, the northern China coastline grew faster after 2008. The most dramatic growth was found between 2010 and 2011, with an increasing rate of 2.49% per year. The fractal dimension of the coastline in northern China was increasing during the research period, and the most dramatic increase occurred in Bohai Rim. There is a strong-positive linear relationship between the historical coastline length and fractal dimension (the correlation coefficient was 0.9962). Through statistical analysis of a large number of local coastline changes, it can be found that the increase (or decrease) of local coastline length will, in most cases, lead to the increase (or decrease) of the whole coastline fractal dimension. Civil-coastal engineering construction was the most important factor driving the coastline change in northern China. Port construction, fisheries facilities and salt factories were the top three construction activities. Compared to human activities, the influence of natural processes such as estuarine deposit and erosion were relatively small.     

产酯酶海洋中度嗜盐菌Halomonas sp.LYG1-1的分离鉴定及其酶学性质

以从海南三亚近海海水中采集的样品为研究对象,利用平板筛选法筛到一株产酯酶的中度嗜盐菌菌株LYG1-1。通过形态学、生理生化及16S rRNA序列分析,发现该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH为7.5,最适NaCl浓度为10%。16S rRNA基因序列分析显示,菌株LYG1-1与Halomonas salina亲缘性最近,16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99.72%。在含10%NaCl的0.05mol·L-1Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)缓冲液中,45℃条件下作用,酶活性最高,40℃处理24h仍保持83%的活性。金属离子浓度为5mmol·L-1时,Ca2+、Mg2+对菌株LYG1-1酶活具有明显的激活作用,Hg2+表现出强烈的抑制作用。     

中国南海区1992-2012年的中尺度涡旋演化过程表达与统计分析

Automated identification and tracking of mesoscale ocean eddies has recently become one research hotspot in physical oceanography. Several methods have been developed and applied to survey the general kinetic and geometric characteristics of the ocean eddies in the South China Sea（SCS）. However, very few studies attempt to examine eddies＇ internal evolution processes. In this study, we reported a hybrid method to trace eddies＇ propagation in the SCS based on their internal structures, which are characterized by eddy centers, footprint borders, and composite borders. Eddy identification and tracking results were represented by a GIS-based spatiotemporal model. Information on instant states, dynamic evolution processes, and events of disappearance, reappearance, split, and mergence is stored in a GIS database. Results were validated by comparing against the ten Dongsha Cyclonic Eddies（DCEs） and the three long-lived anticyclonic eddies（ACEs） in the northern SCS, which were reported in previous literature. Our study confirmed the development of these eddies. Furthermore, we found more DCE-like and ACE-like eddies in these areas from 2005 to 2012 in our database. Spatial distribution analysis of disappearing, reappearing, splitting, and merging activities shows that eddies in the SCS tend to cluster to the northwest of Luzon Island, southwest of Luzon Strait, and around the marginal sea of Vietnam. Kuroshio intrusions and the complex sea floor topography in these areas are the possible factors that lead to these spatial clusters.     

海拉尔盆地牧原凹陷油气勘探前景与有利区带目标优选

牧原凹陷是海拉尔盆地群中研究程度和勘探程度均较低的凹陷,尚未取得勘探突破。为明确牧原凹陷的油气资源潜力与勘探前景,开展了野外地质调查、老井复查与烃源岩有机地球化学特征研究等,基本明确了凹陷油气地质条件: ①牧原凹陷具有单断箕状结构,可划分为陡坡带、洼槽带和缓坡带3个构造单元; ②发育大磨拐河组、南屯组和兴安岭群3套有效烃源岩,南屯组、大磨拐河组烃源岩厚度大,分布面积广,有机质类型好,以II₁-I型为主,有机质丰度高,生烃潜量大,热演化进入成熟阶段,是凹陷主力烃源岩,兴安岭群烃源岩有机质丰度高,处于高成熟阶段,虽然厚度与分布有限,也是一套有价值的烃源岩; ③发育兴安岭群的自生自储或上生下储、大磨拐河组与南屯组的自生自储、伊敏组的下生上储3套储盖组合。对比高勘探程度区单断箕状凹陷的成藏规律,结合牧原凹陷自身的地质特点,构建了牧原凹陷油气成藏模式。通过开展区带的初步评价,优选出2个有利区带,提出了勘探目标。     

区划方法在无资料地区水文预报中的应用研究

区划方法是目前国际上解决无资料地区水文预报问题的常用方法,是近20年水文学界热点问题之一。本文通过介绍当前国际应用区划方法解决无资料地区水文预报问题的研究进展、存在问题和应用前景,为国内无资料地区水文模拟研究提供借鉴和参考。文章将区划方法分为3类:临近流域替代法、水文相似流域替代法和回归法。通过文献梳理及案例分析,本文指出各类方法的问题、适用范围及不同资料条件下方法选择。最后,通过对国际上无资料地区水文预报的总结分析,提出我国无资料地区研究亟待解决的5个问题。     

Compare on characteristic of different chemical type salt lake brines from Tibet during evaporating

正1 Introduction China is a country which has many salt lakes.Tibet is the area where have numerous salt lake,because the sources of water have multiple chemical type,resulting in Tibet salt     

基于Budyko假设和分形理论的水沙变化归因识别——以北洛河流域为例

全球气候变化及人类活动深刻影响了区域水文过程,进行水沙变化归因识别对流域生态保护和高质量发展尤为重要。基于Budyko假设和分形理论,采用弹性系数法,对北洛河流域上（丘陵沟壑区）、中（土石山林—高塬沟壑区）、下游（渭北旱塬农区）3种不同地貌和植被类型区1959—2019年的水、沙通量变化进行归因分析。结果表明,北洛河上、中、下游径流量均显著减少,由20世纪60年代的35 mm、32 mm、34 mm,减少到21世纪10年代的19 mm、24 mm、6 mm,60 a减少率分别为0.3 mm a^-1、0.2 mm a^-1、0.4 mm a^-1。上游输沙量极显著减少,中游降低趋势不显著,下游显著减少,由20世纪60年代的99×10⁶ t、8×10⁶ t、3×10⁶ t,减少到21世纪10年代的10×10⁶ t、3×10⁶ t、0.3×10⁶ t,60 a减少率分别为1.5×10⁶ t a^-1、0.04×10⁶ t a^-1、0.1×10⁶ t a^-1。20世纪70年代以来,上游径流变化逐渐受人类活动影响,且影响程度逐渐增强,21世纪10年代人类活动贡献率达66.3%;气候变化是中游径流变化的主控因子,21世纪10年代降雨和潜在蒸散发的贡献率分别为77.0%和20.2%;下游径流减少主要为人类活动影响,21世纪10年代其贡献率为64.3%。对比20世纪60年代流域输沙量变化始终受人类活动主导,21世纪10年代人类活动对上、中、下游输沙量减少的贡献率分别为80.7%、59.2%和92.7%。上游人类活动对输沙量减少的贡献中,退耕还林等沟坡措施和沟道工程措施分别为39.0%、42.7%,中、下游人类活动贡献的估算结果反映出高植被覆盖区和农区汲水灌溉对区域水、沙的影响特征。     

基于弱势人群个体可达性评价的社区服务设施配置研究

当前我国人口形势面临老龄化与少子化风险,抓好“一老一小”、确保老有所养和幼有所育成为我国城乡发展中特别关注的方面。在这一背景下,如何营造有利于养老和生育的社会环境,如何针对老年人、育龄妇女和儿童等弱势人群提供更为合理的设施配置成为民生工程的重要内容。社区服务设施作为城市公共服务的空间载体,其配置模式的完善与提升是落实以人为本、集中体现社会公平的重要路径。当前,从网络地图规划路径API获取的出行时间成本矩阵能够为可达性研究提供接近真实的出行时间数据,此外个体化的人口数据如实有人口数据能够以其丰富的属性信息为识别各类弱势人群提供依据,同时精确刻画人口的空间分布。本文基于弱势人群的需求特征与相关规范,对老年人、育龄妇女和儿童三类弱势人群提出了明确定义,并构建了面向各类弱势人群个体使用需求的社区服务设施供给标准。在此基础上,利用实有人口数据、网络地图出行时间成本矩阵和POI数据,综合考虑社区服务设施的服务容量,提出了基于弱势人群个体可达性评价的社区服务设施供给评价与布局优化方法,并以广州市人民南社区为例进行了应用实践。研究表明,人民南社区的弱势人群服务设施供给存在不足,优化配置后设施的供需情况更加合理,服务人口覆盖率亦明显提升。本文提出的方法能够从独立个体尺度精确评价社区弱势人群服务设施的布局合理性,在拓展数据类型及应用方法方面为当前人口形势下精细化研究服务设施的空间分布和供需问题提供新的思路。