饱和砂土地震液化机理分析及地基处理的应用

饱和砂土在地震荷裁作用下极易发生液化,对工程建筑造成危害。本文探讨了地震力作用下饱和砂土的液化机理。通过实例说明cFG桩和碎石桩共用具有明显的抗液化效果,并提出CFG桩和碎石桩抗液化,需进一步研究的问题。     

Optical properties of estuarine dissolved organic matter isolated using cross-flow ultrafiltration

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) from freshwater, mid-salinity, and seawater endmember samples in the Jiulong River Estuary, China were fractionated using cross-flow ultrafiltration with a 10-kDa membrane. The colloidal organic matter(COM; 10 kDa–0.22 μm) retentate, low molecular weight(LMW) DOM(10 kDa) permeate, and bulk samples were analyzed using absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission-matrix spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectra of COM were very similar to those obtained for permeate and bulk samples, decreasing monotonically with increasing wavelength. Most of the chromophoric DOM(CDOM, expressed as the absorption coefficient a355) occurred in the LMW fraction, while the percentage of CDOM in the colloidal fraction was substantially higher in the freshwater endmember(13.4% of the total) than in the seawater endmember(6.8%). The bulk CDOM showed a conservative mixing behavior in the estuary, while there was removal of the COM fraction and a concurrent addition of the permeate fraction in the mid-salinity sample, implying that part of the colloidal CDOM was transformed into LMW CDOM. Two humic-like components(C1: 250, 325/402 nm; and C2: 265, 360/458 nm) and one protein-like component(C3: 275/334 nm) were identified using parallel factor analysis. The contributions of the C1, C2, and C3 components of the COM fraction to the bulk sample were 2.5%–8.7%, 4.8%–12.6%, and 7.4%–14.7%, respectively, revealing that fluorescent DOM occurred mainly in the LMW fraction in the Jiulong River Estuary. The C1 and C2 components in the retentate and permeate samples showed conservative mixing behavior, but the intensity ratio of C2/C1 was higher in the retentate than in the permeate fractions for all salinity samples, showing that the humic component was more enriched in the COM than the fulvic component. The intensity ratio of C3/(C1+C2) was much higher in the retentate than in the permeate fraction for mid-salinity and seawater samples, revealing that the protein-like component was relatively more enriched in COM than the humic-like component. The contribution of the protein-like component(C3) to the total fluorescence in the retentate increased from 14% in the freshwater endmember to 72% for the seawater endmember samples, clearly indicating the variation of dominance by the humic-like component compared to the protein-like component during the estuarine mixing process of COM.     

惠州25-8 DPP组块动力定位浮托安装研究

从动力定位船舶浮托安装研究出发,归纳了动力定位船舶浮托安装的优势,并以"海洋石油278"驳船进行组块浮托安装为例,提出了南中国海大型组块采用动力定位船舶浮托安装的气候窗及动力定位能力分析方法,给出了惠州25-8 DPP组块动力定位浮托安装的关键设计结果。本研究对环境恶劣海况下的大型组块浮托安装具有一定借鉴意义。     

Bacterial diversity in Arctic marine sediment determined by culture-dependent and-independent approaches

Bacterial diversity in surface sediment from the Arctic Ocean was investigated by culture-dependent and-independent approaches. Conventional culture-dependent techniques revealed 11 strains based on their distinct morphological characteristics on marine Zobell 2216E agar plates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to three major lineages of the Bacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and that they included 10 genera. Most isolates were psychrotrophic, and NaCl was not necessary for their growth. Furthermore, they exhibited activity of at least one extracellular hydrolytic enzyme at 4°C and had various abilities to assimilate carbon sources. A total of 67 phylotypes were detected among 142 clones based on the 16S rRNA library of the total community DNA and grouped into nine major lineages of bacteria. Phylotypes affiliated with γ-, δ- and ε-proteobacteria accounted for 36.7%, 21.8% and 16.9% of the total clones, respectively. The rest of the clones belonged to Bacteroidetes, α-proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Nitrospirae and an unclassified group.     

2012年盛夏山东西部一次短时强降水天气的形成机制

利用常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料、卫星云图和雷达资料,对2012年7月4日山东省西部一次短时强降水的天气形势、物理量条件、云图和雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：在有利降水的大尺度天气系统背景下,低层冷空气和中尺度天气系统造成了本次短时强降水天气;低层925hPa和1 000 hPa的充沛水汽和辐合上升运动有利于强降水天气的发生,正涡度中心对应强降水中心;地面辐合线和低压环流造成本次短时强降水天气;中尺度对流云团和地面中尺度系统相对应,其位置和维持时间与强降水的落区和时间基本一致。雷达组合反射率因子〉45 dBZ的强回波区与强降水落区基本吻合;雷达平均径向速度产品逆风区中辐合流场的出现和维持及回波顶高的上升对应地面中尺度气旋式环流的形成和维持;逆风区中辐散流场的出现和维持及回波顶高的下降,对应地面中尺度气旋式环流的减弱;短时强降水出现的初期,垂直累积液态水含量出现了一个峰值,峰值出现时间提前于较强降水时段。     

Research on the Suitability Evaluation of the Development and Utilization of Regional Selenium-rich Soil Resources and Spatial Zoning based on Niche Theory

Relying on the advantages of selenium-rich soil resources, the development of special selenium-rich agricultural industry is an effective measure to implement the rural revitalization strategy. This paper took Yuanzhou district as the research area, based on ecological niche theory, creatively determines the dominant and limiting factors of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization from three aspects of natural resources endowment, land use conditions and ecological protection, constructed the evaluation index system of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and ecological niche suitability index measurement model, and explored the suitability of regional selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and zoning. The research results show that: (1) The area suitable for exploitation of selenium-rich soil resources in the study area is 174658.4 ha, accounting for 68.83% of the total area, mainly distributed around Yuan River and in the central, northern, northwestern and northeastern areas of the study area. (2) Based on the evaluation results of the suitability of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and the development of related agricultural industries, the study area was divided into four functional zones of selenium-rich industrial development: core zone, key zone, development zone and radiation zone. The core zone and key zone are suitable for building selenium-rich agricultural industry demonstration area and selenium-rich products breeding production base, and the development zone and radiation zone can vigorously develop selenium-rich modern agriculture and selenium-rich recreation tourism, which will accelerate the development trend of multi-level and diversified selenium-rich industry in study area.This study can provide scientific, reasonable and feasible ideas and methods for the development and utilization of selenium-rich soil resources and the planning and development of selenium-rich industries in similar areas.     

城市CORS系统在地铁GPS控制网测量中的应用研究——以北京地铁16号线及海淀山后线为例

就城市CORS系统控制点作为地铁控制网起算点的情况进行介绍,对其可行性进行试验,并将试验结果与北京市C级GPS点作为起算点的成果进行对比分析。试验结果表明,将CORS系统的控制点用于地铁控制网的起算点,精度可以满足布设地铁控制网的需要,在控制网的稳定性和工作量节省方面具有一定优势。     

3维地形的金字塔上下采样局部实时简化算法

在大型三维地理信息系统中,往往需要在预加载整体地形数据的基础上,对局部地形数据重新构建三角网,用于物理模拟等应用。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种三维地形的金字塔“上下采样”局部实时简化算法,实现对局部三角网地形实时高效的简化。该算法基于图像金字塔思想,通过对原始地形的三角格网执行“下采样”和“上采样”,结合“预测残差”对“下采样”的地形做局部简化,简化后的三角网十分逼近原始的高精度三角网。本文将该算法用于GeoBeans 3D平台的汽车驾驶模拟系统中。该算法生成的地形简化且稳定,随着汽车活动范围的变化,按需销毁及重构更新地形。实验证明,当预测残差阈值取0.1时,三角形个数能简化到原始数量的2/3;阈值取0.2时,三角形个数可以简化到原始个数的1/4左右。由此可见,在视觉精度允许的范围之内,该算法对地形的简化效果较好,且耗时少,满足了三维系统及车辆驾驶模拟的实时性。     

川滇交界东段昭通、莲峰断裂带的地震危险背景

川滇交界东段NE向昭通、莲峰断裂带的研究程度较低.为了了解该断裂带是否存在发生强震/大地震的危险背景,我们基于区域活动构造与动力学、重新定位的小震分布和震源机制解、历史地震破裂区、GPS形变场、现代地震活动及其参数图像等多学科的信息进行综合研究.结果表明:昭通、莲峰断裂带是川滇-华南活动块体/地块边界带的一部分,也是活动及变形的大凉山次级块体与相对稳定的华南地块之间的边界带;结构上表现为2个平行展布、朝南东推覆的断裂带,现今运动为带有显著逆冲分量的右旋走滑性质.沿昭通断裂带无大地震的时间至少为1700 余年,目前存在地震空区.GPS变形图像反映昭通、莲峰断裂带已不同程度闭锁.另外,昭通断裂带的鲁甸附近以及莲峰断裂带的南段分别存在异常低b值区或高应力区.已由低b值区和小震空白区识别出昭通断裂带上的鲁甸-彝良之间存在高应力闭锁段,并估计出其潜在地震的最大矩震级为M_W7.4.本研究因此认为昭通断裂带存在发生强震/大地震的中-长期危险背景, 而莲峰断裂带的危险性还需进一步研究.     

多维统一GIS构建与实现的几何代数方法

针对时空GIS发展所面临的时空表达不统一,高维扩展困难等问题,基于以多维统一和坐标无关为特征的几何代数理论,建立多维统一GIS构建的层次体系与方法。利用几何代数对象构造中几何维度与Grassmann维度的一致性,实现整合维度结构与几何关系的多维地理对象自适应表达。利用几何代数算子的特征内蕴与结构明晰特性,构建多维统一计算模型以及可支撑复杂地理计算的多维统一分析框架,进而建立基于几何代数的多维统一GIS系统架构与实现方案。对上述关键技术加以实现并进行了相关应用案例分析。结果显示,基于几何代数构建的多维统一GIS有望突破现有时空GIS的不足,可为以多维统一表达与运算为特征GIS的发展提供新的数学工具与实现途径。