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富锂氟含稀有矿化花岗质岩石的对比和成因思考 总被引:31,自引:5,他引:31
Li-F花岗质岩石以超酸性、过铝、富含H2O、F、B、P等挥发性组分和富含Li、Rb、Cs、Be、Ta、Nb、Sn、W等亲石稀有金属元素为主要特征,以黄玉-锂云母-钠长石花岗岩为典型代表。从该类岩石地质产状的多样性和可对比性、空间分布的规律性、矿物岩石的结构构造、硅酸盐-熔体包裹体特征以及实验岩石学的研究成果等方面,综合论证该类岩石主要是从经过分异演化而形成的残余熔浆中直接结晶而在的;充分的分离结晶作用,是产生这种残余熔浆的主要机制;岩体的空间分带特征和各带之间的渐变过渡关系,为分离结晶作用的途径和演化方向提供了重要信息;熔体中挥发性组分的大量存在,是分离结晶作用能充分进行的关键因素;亲石稀有金属元素在流/熔配分中倾向于进入熔体相,是残余熔体中逐步富集这些稀有金属元素的主要原因;岩浆-热液过渡阶段出溶的流体相与已晶出的共存固相之间的相互作用,造成了广泛的交代蚀变现象;残余熔浆在不同地质和物理化学环境中的侵位、结晶和演化,造成了Li-F花岗质岩石在产状、结构构造和矿物组合等方面的多样性。 相似文献
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A digital procedure for ground water recharge and discharge pattern recognition and rate estimation 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
A digital procedure to estimate recharge/discharge rates that requires relatively short preparation time and uses readily available data was applied to a setting in central Wisconsin. The method requires only measurements of the water table, fluxes such as stream baseflows, bottom of the system, and hydraulic conductivity to delineate approximate recharge/discharge zones and to estimate rates. The method uses interpolation of the water table surface, recharge/discharge mapping, pattern recognition, and a parameter estimation model. The surface interpolator used is based on the theory of radial basis functions with thin-plate splines. The recharge/discharge mapping is based on a mass-balance calculation performed using MODFLOW. The results of the recharge/discharge mapping are critically dependent on the accuracy of the water table interpolation and the accuracy and number of water table measurements. The recharge pattern recognition is performed with the help of a graphical user interface (GUI) program based on several algorithms used in image processing. Pattern recognition is needed to identify the recharge/discharge zonations and zone the results of the mapping method. The parameter estimation program UCODE calculates the parameter values that provide a best fit between simulated heads and flows and calibration head-and-flow targets. A model of the Buena Vista Ground Water Basin in the Central Sand Plains of Wisconsin is used to demonstrate the procedure. 相似文献
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东坪金矿矿石碲、金分布及其相关性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
东坪金矿位于河北崇礼县境内,是我国首例产于碱性杂岩内的富碲特大型金矿床,被确定为新的金矿类型——“东坪式金矿”。其中1、70号矿体为一系列NNE走向的石英脉、石英-钾长石脉、石英细脉或网脉及旁侧的钾化、硅化蚀变岩构成,它们之间在走向与延深方向呈逐渐过渡。与金矿化密切相关的围岩蚀变包括钾化、硅化和黄铁矿化,部分绢云母化。矿石的次生氧化作用十分强烈。 相似文献
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桂东北里松花岗岩中暗色包体的岩浆混合成因 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
在桂东北姑婆山地区的里松花岗岩中,暗色包体广泛分布,包体的形貌、结构构造和矿物学特征表明,它们是岩浆快速冷凝结晶产物;主元素和微量元素组成说明它们属钾玄岩系列,其源岩具OIB型微量元素特征;包体与寄主花岗岩中锆石U-Pb年龄的相同性,排除了来源于深部固体岩石熔融残留体或浅部围岩捕虏体的可能性,而两种岩石化学成分、岩石结构暗色包体和寄主花岗岩在岩石结构和全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成方面的明显差别性,又排除了同源包体或析离体、堆积体的可能性。里松花岗岩在很多地质-地球化学特征上都介于里松暗色包体和姑婆山主体花岗岩之间,里松暗色包体的总体特征显示了岩浆混合成因,是里松暗色包体岩浆与姑婆山主体花岗岩岩浆发生混合时不完全混合的残留物。 相似文献
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The removal of turbidity, particles, phytoplankton and zooplankton in water by crumb rubber filtration was investigated. A substantial reduction was achieved. Of the three variables, filter depth, media size and filtration rate, media size had the most significant influence. Smaller media size favored higher removal efficiency of all targeted matter. There was no apparent relationship between removal efficiency and filter depth. Higher filtration rate resulted in lower removal efficiency and higher head loss. Compared with conventional granular media filters, crumb rubber filters required less backwash, and developed lower head loss. Consequently crumb rubber filters could be run for a longer time or allow a higher filtration rate. The results also indicate that the crumb rubber filtration alone did not achieve the target removal of invasive species. However, crumb rubber filtration could potentially be used as a primary treatment technology to enhance the efficiency of a secondary treatment process (e.g., disinfection). 相似文献