桂东北牛庙闪长岩和同安石英二长岩:岩石学、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学和地球化学

桂东北牛庙和同安岩体分别由闪长岩和石英二长岩组成。锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为163±4Ma和160± 4Ma。岩石以富铝、富碱、高钾、富含Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb、Sr等大离子半径亲石元素(LILE)及富含REE、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素(HFSE)为主要特征,属富钾系列或钾玄岩系列。其不相容元素的分布特征为亲OIB型,主要来源于富集的岩石圈地幔的熔融。两岩体的常量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,反映了它们的原始岩浆经历过相当充分的分离结晶和相当程度的地壳混染,即通过AFC方式而形成。岩体中广泛分布的微细粒状暗色包体是共存的更偏基性的岩浆与寄主岩浆不完全混合的残留,其成分的多样性和相互过渡关系,反映了不同包体母岩浆在形成和演化途径等方面的差异性。岩体形成于燕山早期华南后造山阶段大陆地壳拉张减薄的构造环境,软流圈地幔沿超岩石圈深断裂的上涌和底侵,是造成富集的岩石圈地幔和中下地壳熔融并形成本区闪长质和花岗质岩浆的主要机制。     

大水沟碲矿中楚碲铋矿显微文像结构：交代成因新证据

大水沟楚碲铋矿的产状及其文像矿物形态既有普遍的“交代”现象,也有明显的“出溶”特征。文像黄铁矿与伴生或残余的磁黄匠矿成分的相似性,以及文像矿物在分布和成分上与溶动力实验以及理论模式的差异,表明形成显微文像结构的根本原因富碲、铋流体交代早期磁黄铁矿。楚碲铋矿及其显微文像结构的特征取决于交代环境的“封闭”程度：强度弱、无铁带出的交代形成具明显“交代”特征的楚碲铋矿;当交代强度大、环境封闭时,交代残余矿     

PRO-GRADE: GIS toolkits for ground water recharge and discharge estimation

PRO-GRADE is an ESRI ArcGIS 9.2 plug-in package that consists of two separate toolkits: (1) the p attern r ecognition o rganizer for g eographic i nformation s ystem (PRO-GIS) and (2) the g round water r echarge a nd d ischarge e stimator for GIS (GRADE-GIS). PRO-GIS is a collection of several existing image-processing algorithms into one user interface to offer the flexibility to extract spatial patterns according to the user's needs. GRADE-GIS is a ground water recharge and discharge estimation interface using a mass balance method that requires only hydraulic conductivity, water table, and bedrock elevation data for simulating two-dimensional steady-state unconfined aquifers. PRO-GRADE was developed to assist ongoing assessments of the water resources in Illinois and Wisconsin, and is being used to assist several ground water resource studies in several locations in the United States. The advantage of using PRO-GRADE is to enable fast production of initial recharge and discharge maps that can be further enhanced by using a follow-up ground water flow model with parameter estimation codes. PRO-GRADE leverages ArcGIS to provide a computer-assisted framework to support expert judgment in order to efficiently select alternative recharge and discharge maps that can be used as (1) guidelines for field study planning and decision making; (2) initial conditions for numerical simulation; and (3) screening for alternative model selection and prediction/parameter uncertainty evaluation. In addition, PRO-GRADE allows for more easy and rapid correlation of those maps with other hydrologically relevant geospatial data.     

南岭中段骑田岭花岗岩基的锆石U-Pb年代学格架

骑田岭花岗岩体位于南岭中段,湖南省南部,总出露面积约520km2.根据本文已获得的25个及其他作者已发表的7个有效和相互协调的单颗粒锆石U-Pb定年数据,结合地质学、岩石学和空间分布等特征,认为骑田岭岩体是一个燕山早期多阶段形成的复式岩基,主要可分成3个侵入阶段：第一阶段,侵位于163～160Ma,峰值在161Ma左右,主要为角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩,有时为黑云母二长花岗岩,出露面积约占45%,分布在岩体东部、北部和西部的靠边缘部位,可进一步分解为菜岭、江口、竹枧水、蒋家洞和安源等岩体;第二阶段,侵位于157～153Ma,峰值在157～156Ma,主要为黑云母花岗岩,有时含不同数量角闪石,出露面积约占40%,主要分布在岩体的中部和南部,可进一步分解为芙蓉、将军寨、廖家洞和将军石等岩体;第三阶段,侵位于150～146Ma,峰值在149Ma左右,主要为细粒（有时含斑）黑云母花岗岩,出露面积约占12%,分布在岩体的中南部位,可进一步分解为荒塘岭、大山里和仙鹤抱蛋等岩体.其中前两个阶段花岗岩构成岩基的主侵入相,第三阶段花岗岩为补充侵入相.另有一些侵入到第一阶段和第二阶段岩体中的细粒花岗岩岩瘤（如回头湾、龙渡岭、屋场坪）和岩脉,出露面积约占3%,在岩基范围内零散分布,其侵位年龄主要在第二阶段花岗岩的范围内,他们是侵入到早些时间已固结岩石裂隙空间的晚阶段侵入相.根据不同阶段花岗岩结晶年龄的时间差和他们之间明显的侵入接触关系和冷凝-烘烤现象,可以认为,从骑田岭花岗岩基侵位、冷却、结晶、固结到产生裂隙的时间,不会超过2-6Ma.中晚侏罗世在骑田岭及其周边的南岭地区,广泛发育同时代的花岗质和中基性岩浆活动,反映了燕山早期是本区岩浆活动的高峰期,此时本区处于大陆内部岩石圈伸展、减薄的构造环境,壳幔相互作用对本区花岗岩?     

湘南骑田岭竹枧水花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U—Pb年代学和岩石学

骑田岭岩体的竹枧水花岗岩是我国南岭地区最早进行同位素年龄测定的花岗岩之一,20世纪60年代初期获得的黑云母K—Ar年龄数据,曾用来作为骑田岭花岗岩属于印支期的主要依据。最近对其进行了锆石SHRIMPU—Pb年龄测定及岩石学和地球化学研究,测得其结晶年龄为160±2Ma,属燕山早期。它富碱富钾,富含LILE和HFSE,具壳幔混合来源,形成于华南大陆内部后造山阶段拉张减薄的构造环境。     

Use of aliphatic hydrocarbons to infer terrestrial organic matter in coastal marine sediments off China

Sediment samples from the marine systems along the coast of China, covering Yellow Sea, inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS), were analyzed for n-alkanes and organic carbon. The concentrations of Σn-C(15-35) were 120-1680ngg(-1) dry weight with an average of 560ngg(-1). Short-chain n-alkanes (C(21)) were mainly derived from terrestrial higher plants. Organic carbon deposited into Yellow Sea and Southeast Hainan within the SCS was mainly of terrestrial (13-110%; mean: 58%) and marine (48-110%; mean: 86%) sources, respectively. On the other hand, organic carbon accumulated in the SCS adjacent to the Pearl River Estuary was derived from both terrestrial and marine sources.     

东坪式金矿的金银碲化物及其载金性

运用反光显微镜、电子显微镜及其能谱、波谱分析技术，对东坪式金矿矿石中的Au、Ag碲化物的共生组合、产状和化学成分进行了系统普查，发现除自然金外，还有碲金矿、碲金银矿和碲银矿等碲化合物，它们主要与自然金、黄铜矿连生，并包裹于石英型金矿石中的黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的表面、孔洞或裂隙。这些碲化物形成于硫化物－石英阶段（220－390℃），为该阶段金矿化的主要特征，对形成石英脉型矿体的原生富金矿石及其Au-Te元素组合起决定作用。     

Crumb rubber filtration: a potential technology for ballast water treatment

The removal of turbidity, particles, phytoplankton and zooplankton in water by crumb rubber filtration was investigated. A substantial reduction was achieved. Of the three variables, filter depth, media size and filtration rate, media size had the most significant influence. Smaller media size favored higher removal efficiency of all targeted matter. There was no apparent relationship between removal efficiency and filter depth. Higher filtration rate resulted in lower removal efficiency and higher head loss. Compared with conventional granular media filters, crumb rubber filters required less backwash, and developed lower head loss. Consequently crumb rubber filters could be run for a longer time or allow a higher filtration rate. The results also indicate that the crumb rubber filtration alone did not achieve the target removal of invasive species. However, crumb rubber filtration could potentially be used as a primary treatment technology to enhance the efficiency of a secondary treatment process (e.g., disinfection).