Economic development and energy efficiency in Jilin Province,China

The relationship between economic development and energy consumption is revealed by employing cointegration theory, the index decomposition method, and a log-linear regression approach based on a case study of Jilin Province, China. The results suggest: 1) the economic development and energy consumption are interdetermined, whose relationship is positive and long-term. The economic development is highly depending on the energy in Jilin Province. 2) Under the condition of other unchanged factors, the change of industrial energy efficiency contributes to the energy saving, while that of industrial structure increases the energy consumption. 3) The industrial structure change enhances the energy intensity, but the energy utility efficiency change lowers it. From the view of contribution to the energy consumption, the contribution of industrial structure was more than that of the energy utility efficiency in 2000-2011. 4) In 2000-2011, the comprehensive energy intensity change and hydroelectricity energy intensity change were related to all industrial structures' change, and the influencing factors about structure of oil energy intensity change were more than those of coal energy intensity change; from the impact degree, agricultural proportion decreased exerted an positive and greater effect on lowering the energy intensity of comprehensive energy and hydroelectricity, and industrial one did on coal and natural gas. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: the major way to promote the coordinated development of the industrial economy and energy consumption is to optimize the industrial structure by increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry and low energy consumption industrial sectors and to enhance the energy utility efficiency.     

辽河三角洲滨海湿地含水层水文地质参数获取的试验研究

抽水试验是获取水文地质参数的重要方法,为准确获取辽河三角洲滨海湿地潜水含水层的渗透系数,进行了一个抽水孔、两个观测孔的抽水试验。根据单孔抽水试验和多孔抽水试验观测数据,采用潜水非完整井求参公式、巴布什金公式及积分变换等方法计算含水层渗透系数。结果表明,用不同方法计算得出的含水层渗透系数值相差不大。通过试验测定PJ01井组潜水含水层渗透系数为1.15 m/d,PJ03井组潜水含水层渗透系数为0.74 m/d。     

熔盐电解法制备镁合金的研究进展

熔盐电解法是制备镁合金的一种有效的方法,与熔炼法相比,合金成分偏析较少,产品质量较高。综述了熔盐电解法制备镁合金的研究进展,并分析了研究现状。提出镁合金的熔盐电解制备有很强的应用背景,与产业化研发相关的工作值得关注。     

深海极端环境模拟装置设计

为了满足深海极端环境科学研究的需求,设计了深海极端环境模拟装置。对系统结构以及工作原理进行分析,介绍了培养釜、温度控制子系统和压力控制子系统。重点针对当前模拟装置压力控制精度不高的问题,设计了高精度压力传感器,并提出一种迭代自学习PID压力控制算法,实现系统压力自动检测和连续控制,同时带有观察窗的培养釜结构可以实现微生物状况实时观测。实验结果表明,该系统能够实现深海极端环境参量高精度模拟,可以为深海极端环境科学研究提供很好的平台。     

Identification of Fucans from Four Species of Sea Cucumber by High Temperature ~1H NMR

Acidic polysaccharide, which has various biological activities, is one of the most important components of sea cucumber. In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from four species of sea cucumber from three different geographical zones, Pearsonothuria graeffei（Pg） from Indo-Pacific, Holothuria vagabunda（Hv） from Norwegian Coast, Stichopus tremulu（St） from Western Indian Ocean, and Isostichopus badionotu（Ib） from Western Atlantic. The polysaccharide extract was separated and purified with a cellulose DEAE anion-exchange column to obtain corresponding sea cucumber fucans（SC-Fucs）. The chemical property of these SC-Fucs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and sulfate content, was determined. Their structure was compared simply with fourier infrared spectrum analyzer and identified with high temperature 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analyzer（NMR） and room temperature 13 C NMR. The results indicated that Fuc-Pg obtained from the torrid zone mainly contained 2,4-O-disulfated and non-sulfated fucose residue, whereas Fuc-Ib from the temperate zone contained non-, 2-O- and 2,4-O-disulfated fucose residue; Fuc-St from the frigid zone and Fuc-Hv from the torrid zone contained mainly non-sulfated fucose residue. The proton of SC-Fucs was better resolved via high temperature 1H NMR than via room temperature 1H NMR. The fingerprint of sea cucumber in different sea regions was established based on the index of anomer hydrogen signal in SC-Fucs. Further work will help to understand whether there exists a close relationship between the geographical area of sea cucumber and the sulfation pattern of SC-Fucs.     

Spatial distribution pattern of seafloor hydrothermal vents to the southeastern Kueishan Tao offshore Taiwan Island

Investigations of the diffusion activities both within and outside the seafloor hydrothermal vents, as well as related mineral genesis, have been one of the key focuses of ocean biogeochemistry studies. Many hydrothermal vents are distributed close to the southern Okinawa Trough on the less-than-30-m deep shallow seafloor off Kueishan Tao, northeast of Taiwan Island. Investigations of temperature, pH and Eh at four depths of hydrothermal plume were carried out near Kueishan Tao at the white(24.83°N, 121.96°E) and yellow(24.83°N, 121.96°E) vents. An 87 h of temperature time series observation-undertaken near the white vent showed that tide is the main factor affecting the background environment. Based on the observed data, 3-dimensional sliced diffusion fields were obtained and analyzed. It was concluded that the plume diffused mainly from north to south due to ebb tide. The yellow vent's plume could effect as far as the white vent surface. From the temperature diffusion field, the vortices of the plume were observed. The Eh negative abnormality was a better indicator to search for hydrothermal plumes and locate hydrothermal vents than high temperature and low pH abnormalities.     

中国贝类养殖对海洋碳循环的贡献评估

造成全球暖化的主要原因是温室气体的过量排放,其中CO2的贡献率达60 %,贝类养殖具有碳沉积作用。依据农业部渔业局编制的《中国渔业统计年签》,以2001年到2010年的年平均产量计算贝类捕获和养殖的碳沉积能力,并评估其碳沉积潜力;计算牡蛎、蛤、扇贝与贻贝四种贝壳单位面积的碳沉积能力并与森林、珊瑚礁的碳沉积能力进行比较分析。本文对我国浅海贝类养殖所具有的碳沉积能力进行评估,以了解贝类养殖对海洋碳循环的贡献,可为争取国家碳份额的合法权益提供基础数据。分析表明我国近十年贝类总产量稳定在1100万吨以上,并有增加的趋势,其中海水养殖贝类约占87.34 %。贝类养殖和捕获总产量的碳沉积和海水养殖产量的碳沉积量分别为58.57、51.15万吨/年,碳沉积能力分别相当于122.28、106.78万公顷的造林,可分别减少大气CO2增加量的0.0125 %、0.0109 %。牡蛎、蛤、扇贝与贻贝的单位面积碳沉积速率分别为1.573、0.388、0.301、1.039吨碳/(公顷?年);牡蛎和贻贝高于森林的碳沉积能力0.479吨碳/(公顷?年);但低于珊瑚礁的碳沉积能力1.8吨碳/(公顷?年)。我国贝类淡、海水养殖产量可分别创造约268.4万元/年、12,711.2万元/年的碳权商机。     

洋山深水港区海域秋、冬季沉积物中重金属来源分析及生态风险评价(英文)

通过测定洋山深水港区海域2010~2013年6个航次秋、冬季沉积物中重金属含量,分析其时空差异,结果表明该海域沉积物重金属总体含量较低,空间分布较为均匀,Hg、Zn、Pb、Cd含量秋季明显高于冬季,As、Cu含量的季节性波动较小,用因子分析法研究该海域重金属来源,发现陆源工业、船舶航运排污以及有机质降解是研究海域Pb、Cd、Zn的主要来源;农业污染、码头货物装卸残留及建筑垃圾支配着Cu、As、Hg的来源。SQG-Q生态风险评价表明研究海域沉积物中重金属均存在中、低度的生态风险,秋季的生态风险高于冬季,Hg和Cu是主要生态风险因子;地累积指数法评价结果显示研究海域基本不受Hg、As、Zn、Pb的污染;Cd、Cu以轻度污染为主,部分站位属于偏中度污染,6种重金属污染程度依次为:CdCuPbZnHgAs。因子综合得分评价表明,重金属污染相对严重的站位依次为5号、4号及3号站位。但总体看来洋山深水港区附近海域沉积物中重金属污染状况属于轻度污染。     

海上试验场潮流能发电装置综合测试与评价方法分析(英文)

开展潮流能装置实海况试验、检测与评价方法研究,对海洋高科技成果的转化、海洋可再生能源开发提供了科学、有效的技术保障。文章通过对潮流能装置的功率输出特性、年发电量、能量转换效率三项核心指标进行分析,提出指标的测试内容和评价方法,为实现潮流能海上试验与测试场建设提供技术依据;并根据对海上风电场的研究,提出了海上试验场潮流能装置的电能质量测试与评估方法;给出潮流能装置安全准入的测试内容,全面评估试验场潮流能装置的运行状态。     

降雨条件下北川斜坡破坏的数值模拟

本文采用FLAC的两相流模式和修正的Mohr—Coulomb模型,对北川地区震后土在降雨条件下的位移和速度矢量进行了数值模拟和分析,同时在室内进行了降雨条件下斜坡破坏的模型实验。分析结果表明：土体在沿坡面的最大水平位移发生在坡脚处,土体水平位移是衡量斜坡破坏的首要指标,可采用坡面特征点的位移突变作为斜坡破坏的判别标准;数值模拟得到的斜坡破坏与降雨历时关系与室内模型实验结果吻合较好。