Enrichment characteristics and risk assessment of Hg in bird feathers from Caohai wetland in Guizhou Province,China

Based on the analysis of the enrichment characteristics of Hg and MeHg in bird feathers from Caohai National Nature Reserve in Guizhou, the risks of Hg pollution to the birds from Caohai wetland have been evaluated. The total Hg content of bird feathers ranges from 40 to 5058 ng/g with an average of 924 ng/g. The content of MeHg is significantly correlated with total Hg (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), and the content are among 0.75 and 113 ng/g. The total Hg content in the birds feathers is significantly dependent on their feeding habits, which is mainly in accordance with the following rule: carnivorous birds > omnivorous birds that are mainly carnivorous > omnivorous birds that are mainly herbivorous. There are also differences in the Hg enrichment ability in the different parts of bird feathers, and the total Hg and MeHg content in the wing feathers are significantly higher than that in the other parts of feathers. The bioaccumulation coefficients of aqueous Hg and MeHg by bird feathers are 0.9 × 10⁴–112.13 × 10⁴ (mean value is 20.47 × 10⁴) and 0.47 × 10⁴–70.4 × 10⁴ (mean value is 9.52 × 10⁴), respectively. Although the whole Hg level in Caohai bird feathers is not too high, the Hg content in some carnivorous birds exceeds over or approaches the abnormal threshold when birds are breeding (5 μg/g), which indicates that the birds in Caohai wetland are faced with some risks of ecological Hg pollution.     

U–Pb zircon age of the base of the Ediacaran System at the southern margin of the Qinling Orogen

Global abrupt climate change from Marinoan snowball Earth to greenhouse Earth, recorded as cap carbonate overlain on diamictite, had shed the first light on Cambrian bio-radiation. The most documented cap carbonate sections are typical with comprehensive δ¹³C negative values and ubiquitous sedimentary structures, such as tepee-like, sheet-crack etc., which are associated with successive glacial eustatic variation caused by isostatic rebound in shallow-water facies. Here we report a deep-water basinal cap carbonate section with strong negative δ¹³C values in the southern margin of the Qinling Orogen, Heyu, Chengkou County, Chongqing in China, which consists of massive dolostone with abundant carbonaceous laminae. However, it lacks the sedimentary structure as mentioned above and is overlain by thin-bedded silicious shales and cherts. A K-bentonite bed was discovered within the base of cap carbonates, about 0.7 m above the top of the Marinoan diamictite. Magmatic zircons that were separated from the K-bentonite bed yield a SIMS concordia U–Pb age of 634.1 ± 1.9 Ma (1σ, MSWD_CE = 0.31, Probability_CE = 1.000, n = 20). The age is in good agreement with previously reported TIMS U–Pb ages for the termination of Marinoan glaciation and provides a geochronological constraint for the Ediacaran successions in the Qinling Orogen.     

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造-流体演化对成矿的制约

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造演化、流体演化与成矿之间具有密切关系,处于一个统一系统中。矿床成岩期方解石中包裹体水的δD值为-65.3‰~-99.2‰,改造成矿期石英包裹体水的δD值为-77.7‰~-96.3‰,成岩成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-3.22‰~1.84‰,改造成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-4.26‰~5.14‰,指示萨热克铜矿成岩期、改造期成矿流体主要为中生代大气降水及其经水岩作用而成的盆地卤水。矿石中辉铜矿δ~(34)S值为-24.7‰~-15.4‰,指示硫主要源自硫酸盐细菌与有机质还原,部分源于有机硫。构造与成矿流体演化对砂岩铜矿成矿起关键制约作用。盆地发展早期强烈的抬升运动使盆地周缘基底与古生界剥蚀,为富铜矿源层的形成提供了丰富物源,至晚侏罗世盆地发展晚期,长期演化积聚的巨量含矿流体在库孜贡苏组砾岩胶结物及裂隙中富集,在萨热克巴依盆地内形成具有经济意义的砂岩型铜矿床。     

四川西昌盆地白垩纪恐龙足迹群的新发现

四川西昌盆地白垩系小坝组尚未发现骨骼化石记录,其白垩系恐龙动物群的信息全赖于足迹化石。2017年,在喜德县洛甘发现小坝组迄今最大型的恐龙足迹群。该足迹点保存了大量的兽脚类足迹。足迹保存条件较差,但具备了基本的形态学特征。总体来看,兽脚类足迹具有尺寸较小(8~13cm),中等中趾前凹(0.5~0.6)和第Ⅱ趾和第Ⅳ趾间较宽趾间角(70°~100°)的特征;少量足迹保存了跖骨垫。初步分析认为,洛甘兽脚类足迹与四川盆地夹关组的兽脚类足迹Eubrontes和Grallator形态类型相似,为两地在白垩纪中期具有类似的恐龙动物群的观点提供了新的证据。该发现对于西昌盆地的古气候、古地理和地层对比都具有重要的意义,足迹详细分类还有待进一步研究。     

Numerical analysis of effect of baffle configuration on impact force exerted from rock avalanches

In mountainous areas, channelized rock avalanches swarm downslope leading to large impact forces on building structures in residential areas. Arrays of rock avalanche baffles are usually installed in front of rigid barriers to attenuate the flow energy of rock avalanches. However, previous studies have not sufficiently addressed the mechanisms of interaction between the rock avalanches and baffles. In addition, empirical design approaches such as debris flow (Tang et al., Quat Int 250:63–73, 2012), rockfall (Spang and Rautenstrauch, 1237–1243, 1988), snow avalanches (Favier et al., 14:3–15, 2012), and rock avalanches (Manzella and Labiouse, Landslides 10:23–36, 2013), which are applied in natural geo-disasters mitigation cannot met construction requirements. This study presents details of numerical modeling using the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the effect of the configuration of baffles (number and spacing of baffle columns and rows) on the impact force that rock avalanches exert on baffles. The numerical modeling is firstly conducted to provide insights into the flow interaction between rock avalanches and an array of baffles. Then, a modeling analysis is made to investigate the change pattern of the impact force with respect to baffle configurations. The results demonstrate that three crucial influencing factors (baffle row numbers, baffle column spacing, and baffle row spacing) have close relationship with energy dissipation of baffles. Interestingly, it is found that capacity of energy dissipation of baffles increases with increasing baffle row numbers and baffle row spacing, while it decreases with increasing baffle column spacing. The results obtained from this study are useful for facilitating design of baffles against rock avalanches.     

豫西吉家洼金矿床成矿时代和成矿物质来源:来自闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素年龄和Pb同位素的证据

豫西吉家洼金矿位于熊耳山金多金属矿集区西部,是一构造蚀变岩-石英脉型金矿床。矿体产于近南北向断裂带中,在倾向上呈"Y"字型分布,矿化以细脉-网脉状、浸染状黄铁矿化蚀变岩型金矿为主,其次为石英脉型金矿。热液成矿过程包括4个矿化阶段,黄铁矿-石英阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和石英-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。本次工作对吉家洼金矿床主要成矿阶段(Ⅲ)的闪锌矿进行了Rb-Sr同位素测年研究,以限定成矿时代。结果获得Rb-Sr等时线年龄为118.2±2.4Ma,表明矿床形成于早白垩世。该年龄与熊耳山地区中的庙岭、祁雨沟、公峪等金矿床的成矿年龄基本一致,对于整个熊耳山地区的金矿成矿年龄具有一定的约束意义。锶-铅同位素研究结果显示,吉家洼金矿的成矿物质为壳幔混源,新太古界太华群基底及其重熔形成的花岗岩体可能为铅同位素的主要物源。我们认为,吉家洼金矿床是熊耳山地区在早白垩世区域性强烈的构造-岩浆-流体活动事件的产物,是整个中国东部金的大规模成矿作用的组成部分。     

混积岩分类命名体系探讨及对混积岩储层评价的启示——以渤海海域混积岩研究为例

混积岩是一种普遍而重要的岩石组合类型。然而长期以来,对混积岩的岩石学分类与命名一直存在诸多争议,且尚未有统一的分类体系与命名规则。本文结合渤海海域混积岩岩石薄片组分鉴定、岩石储层物性分析等最新研究成果,并与相关文献结合,最终确立以陆源碎屑物、生物成因碳酸盐颗粒、化学沉淀碳酸盐为三组分端元的一套新的混积岩岩性分类体系,并将混积岩分为4大类、16亚类。通过讨论混积岩混积层系及混积岩组构界定的问题,进一步完善了混积岩定义。利用新的岩石学分类方案,可为储层评价研究提供指导。以渤海海域为例,建立起研究区不同岩性相与储层物性的对应关系,并在岩性分类体系中划分出差储层、中等储层及优质储层三个储层区。     

香龙山背斜几何学、运动学及成因机制

华南板块北侧大巴山构造带和内部雪峰山构造带的关系是华南板块陆内构造变形研究的重要内容。香龙山背斜位于大巴山构造带和雪峰山构造带之间,记录了两构造带相互复合、相互协调的重要信息。为研究香龙山背斜的几何学、运动学特征,分析其形成机制,本次研究利用香龙山地区最新的地震剖面,结合地质图分析、浅表地质剖面绘制等手段,取得了如下结论：1） 香龙山背斜为一短轴状背斜,背斜具有较为宽阔、平坦的顶部和较短的两翼,其西南侧发育构造鼻;2） 香龙山背斜的主要运动学模型为下部断层转折褶皱与上部构造楔复合的模型,其地层变形受到基底物质堆叠抬升的影响;3） 香龙山背斜形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世,在古近纪遭受改造,这两个变形时期分别对应了香龙山背斜形成现今形态的两个阶段。香龙山背斜南北方向上缩短了11.4 km,缩短率为22.7%;4） 香龙山背斜是在雪峰山构造带北向挤压作用下,由来自大巴山构造带、雪峰山构造带的共同作用力形成的,后期改造作用可能受控于青藏高原了隆升对整个中国中、西部的影响。