废轮胎多孔隙消波结构物特性之初期研究

基于废旧轮胎再利用及研发简易且低廉的施工方法与维护成本,本研究以规则波水工模型试验研究提出应用于港口码头的多孔隙弹性帷幕的初步理念。利用模型车轮胎以模块化方式组装成弹性帷幕后安装于码头前壁,研究多种周期波浪作用及不同消波室纵深对波浪反射率的影响。实验结果表明,简单的单一消波室多孔隙弹性帷幕对短周期波浪的消波效果较显著,消波室纵深较大者反射率较低,但可能引致水体振荡,后续可再强化消波室的消能效果。未来如能妥善研究废旧轮胎应用于多孔隙弹性帷幕消波结构物的施工与维修方法,除可缓解废旧轮胎处理给环境带来的压力外,也提供一种可用于简易渔港的施工简单、维修容易且资源再利用的消能结构物,该工程技术亦可输出至发展中国家,符合可持续发展观。     

超大海洋保护区建设利弊分析

近年来,海洋保护区被不断的"巨型化",这一方面显示了国际社会对海洋保护的重视;另一方面,这股建设超大海洋保护区的浪潮也受到了很多科学工作者的质疑和批判。文章通过分析整理国内外相关文献,结合目前全球几个著名的超大海洋保护区案例,评价建设超大海洋保护区的利弊,并总结出我国海洋保护区建设可借鉴的经验。     

不同处理方法对葡萄牙牡蛎体内菌群净化效果的比较

牡蛎肉味鲜美,营养丰富,经济价值较高,素有海洋"牛奶"之美称。然而,由于养殖环境的污染,国内多数养殖牡蛎体内的大肠杆菌含量超标,危害公民健康。因此,研发养殖牡蛎净化技术日显重要。为此,本文以我国南方重要的养殖牡蛎(葡萄牙牡蛎,也称福建牡蛎)为对象,设计了三种净化方法 (大蒜素灭菌法、紫外灭菌法、混合灭菌法(大蒜素+紫外线)先灭菌处理海水6h,然后将牡蛎养殖灭菌后的海水中,并在0 h、12 h和24 h时分别对其软体组织进行取样,检测菌落总数和大肠杆菌含量,以探求最佳净化牡蛎方法。结果显示,三种方法都能够对牡蛎体内的菌落总量和大肠杆菌含量起到显著的净化作用。比较而言,大蒜素净化效果最佳,经12 h和24 h的净化后,牡蛎体内的大肠杆菌含量(MPN/100 g)由最初的2 307降至为240和189,显著低于紫外灭菌法的744和322以及混合灭菌法的384和359。经大蒜素净化24 h后,牡蛎体内的大肠杆菌含量为189 MPN/100 g,低于欧盟和我国双壳贝类养殖水域划分依据中规定的大肠杆菌含量≤230MPN/100 g时可以直接上市并供生食的标准。     

LINEAR WAVES IN THE ROTATIONAL HOMOGENEOUS FLUID WITH UNIFORM WATER DEPTH (Ⅰ)

Linear wave equations for incompressible ideal homogeneous fluid are derived without making the assumptions of irrotation and hydrostatic pressure. The obtained equations are suitable for arbitrary bottom topography. Unified solutions of the existing waves in uniform-depth waters are found from those equations. Discussions about the above assumptions are made. Magnitude order of the error caused by the assumption of hydrostatic pressure is given.     

Effect of Microbe On Marine Metal Corrosion

Effect of sulfate- and nitrate-reducing bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and natural mi-crobiota on corrosion of 5 metal materials in an imitated marine environment were prelimi-narily studied. The experimental results showed that, in sea mud, corrosion rates for 4of the 5 metals were actively correlative with the numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria, and     

北冰洋沉积物中四醚脂类来源与TEX_(86)指数初步研究

对北冰洋海域11个站位的沉积物进行了四醚脂类(GDGTs)生物标志化合物的浓度及分布特征分析,结合沉积物的TOC及TN含量及同位素组成对GDGTs的来源进行了探讨。对比TEX86-SST与WOA数据库资料,研究区内美亚海盆73°N以南站位以及欧亚海盆ARC5-BB06站的TEX86-SST与SST具有很好的符合性。楚科奇海域68~73°N站位样品和全球海洋TEX86-SST模式一致,与年平均SST具有较好的符合性。白令海区及ARC5-BB06站TEX86-SST与夏季平均SST符合性更好,可能与提供GDGT的古菌夏季的生产力更高,在全年生产力中所占比例大有关。     

水边线等高条件控制下的空中三角测量

针对海岸带和海岛礁稀少控制区域摄影测量定位问题,将水边线等高约束条件应用于区域网平差中,提出了一种海岸带水边线等高条件控制下的光束法区域网空中三角测量方法,精确确定摄影时影像的空间方位,进而提高海岸带和海岛礁稀少控制区域测图的几何定位精度。     

应用于龟山岛热液喷口探寻的散射光式水下浊度仪研制*

位于台湾岛东北部的龟山岛热液区属浅水型海底热液活动区,已探明有超过30处的热液喷口分布在约10—30m的水深范围内。通过机械封装、硬件电路以及配套软件的设计和加工,自制了散射光式水下浊度仪;2011年5月25—30日,使用该浊度仪,对龟山岛附近海域进行了拖航作业,在此次作业的东北方向发现一处新的热液喷口(24°50^′09^″N、121°58^′08^″E);海试结果表明,该水下浊度仪对于浊度较大海域有探测能力,对浊度较小海域的探测精度不高,还有待进一步改进。     

The occurrence of gold in hydrothermal sulfide at Southwest Indian Ridge 49.6°E

Massive sulfide precipitates found in the Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) 49.6°E hydrothermal field are enriched in gold.Here,the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of these massive sulfides to constrain the process of gold precipitation were studied.Sulfide samples in this field include lowertemperature Zn-rich sulfides and relative higher-temperature Fe-rich sulfides.Zn-rich sulfides are dominated by sphalerite-pyrite-chalcopyrite assemblages,with concentrations of gold ranging from 9.08 to 17.0 μg/g.Fe-rich sulfides consist mainly of pyrite-marcasite-isocubanite assemblages,with gold concentrations from 2.17 to 3.79 μg/g.The significant enrichment in gold within the lowertemperature Zn-rich sulfides and the effective separation of Zn and Fe in hydrothermal precipitates at the surface of this field are here interpreted to reflect the strong temperature dependence of gold transportation and deposition within the sulfides.In Zn-rich samples,large amounts of isolated native gold grains were identified.They were found mainly as inclusions up to 8 μm in diameter,occupying porous cavities in sphalerite or in the elevated iron content rim of sphalerite.The fineness of the gold ranged from 810 to 830.Unlike previously published results on other hydrothermal fields,these data show a low gold fineness values in SWIR 49.6°E.The FeS content of sphalerite associated with gold grains ranged from 3.2 mole % to 18.9 mole %.This was higher than in other fields,indicating that the sulfur activity is relatively low during the gold precipitation process and that sulfur activity may be one of the main factors affecting gold fineness in the SWIR 49.6°E hydrothermal field.Evidence regarding gold fineness and sulfur activity suggests that gold was quite likely transported as AuHS0 rather than as a Au(HS)-2 complex.     

黄土高边坡稳定性评价的改进可拓工程法

针对影响黄土路堑高边坡稳定性因素的复杂性和模糊性,将可拓工程方法与路堑边坡稳定性评价相结合,通过参数正交试验分析确定权重,提出了路堑边坡稳定性评价的物元关联函数及物元关联度的计算方法。建立了适合可拓学理论的边坡稳定性分类标准,实现了定性与定量评价黄土路堑边坡的结合。实例评价结果与定值计算、工程实际调查吻合良好。