青藏高原祖尔肯乌拉山地区火山岩Ar-Ar年代学初步研究

对祖尔肯乌拉山地区 4个火山岩样品进行了Ar -Ar年龄测定 ,其坪年龄分别为 (40 91± 1 18)Ma、(41 0 7± 0 80 )Ma、(42 0 0± 1 31)Ma、(39 0 0± 2 0 6 )Ma。它们代表了这些火山岩的形成时代 ,表明本区在古近纪始新世中期发生过大规模的火山活动     

列车荷载对平行换乘地铁车站深基坑变形影响

根据地铁车站轨道结构的特点,利用集总参数法建立了轮轨竖向耦合振动模型;分析了新建地铁车站深基坑开挖过程中既有车站内的轮轨接触荷载对车站结构及其周围土层变形的影响.通过计算分析认为,列车荷载引起的结构变形在允许值的7 %范围以内,引起的地面沉降在允许值的3 %范围以内.     

董家山隧道小净距段爆破控制的数值模拟

结合都-汶高速公路董家山隧道小净距段的实际情况,应用数值模拟方法,对小净距段在爆破荷载作用下的相互影响问题进行了研究.结果表明在隧道爆破施工中应对迎爆侧进行重点监控,采用合理的开挖和加固方式将有效降低爆破施工对先建隧道的不利影响.研究结论可为类似小净距段隧道的爆破设计、施工及现场监控量测提供参考.     

贡嘎山东坡海螺沟的河川径流特征

对贡嘎山高山水文观测试验系统进行了简要介绍，并对海螺沟冰川河以及黄崩溜沟的径流特征进行了初步探讨。由于大气降水同是冰川河及黄崩溜沟径流的重要补给来源，故其径流量的季节变化明显带有大气降水过程的烙印，显得丰、枯分明。在冰川河，冰雪融水和地下水在枯水季节的稳定补给改变了大气降水对冰川河径流的年内分配过程；在黄崩溜沟，由于冰雪融水和地下水对其径流的补给非常有限，大气降水过程对其径流过程的影响便明显大过冰川河。     

Comparisons on seasonal and annual variations of δ~(18)O in precipitation

interpretationofpaleoclimaticrecordsinicecore(Dansgaardetal.,1969;Rozanskietal.,1997;Yao,1999;Thompsonetal.,2000).SincethefirstdeepicecorewasdrilledinGreenlandin1966(Dansgaardetal.,1969),hundredsoficecoreswereobtainedsuccessivelyfromicesheetsinAntarcticaandArctic,andmountainglaciersatmid-highlatitudes,fundedbynumerousresearchprogramsonglobalclimateandenvironmentalchange.Theseicecoresprovideuniqueandvaluablefirst-handinformationinrecoveringglobalpaleoenvironmentalrecordsandforecastingfuturecl…     

国内旅游文化开发研究综述

旅游文化是一种重要的旅游资源。是旅游地可持续发展的源泉。在旅游地开发过程中，文化事项如何转化为旅游产品，即旅游文化开发是一个极具实际应用价值的研究课题。目前，国内对于旅游文化开发的研究还没有能够形成一个完整的理论研究体系，并且缺少成熟的研究方法，具体到实践中可操作性还比较弱。在查阅了国内近20年中的众多相关研究文献的基础上，试图从应用理论、开发实践、方法探索3个方面对国内的旅游文化开发研究做一个系统的总结。     

流动VLBI天线系统噪声温度及天线效率测量

我国自行研制的第一套流动VLBI系统——DCW—01型流动VLBI测量仪，目前已在国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”中投入使用。在流动VLBI的观测试验中，天线系统噪声温度和天线效率是观测前系统调试和检测的两项重要内容。天线系统噪声温度是衡量流动VLBI观测系统内部噪声程度的特性指标；天线效率反映了天线系统对到达天线能量的刊用率，在很多计算公式中是一个很重要的参数。因此，精确地测量它们的值是进行相关处理和计算的前提。文中结合我国流动VLBI观测站的研制与建设，介绍了流动VLBI测量仪的天线及接收机系统，并详细阐述了其天线系统噪声温度和天线效率的测量。     

GPS/GLONASS组合测量误差简介

GLONASS与GPS导航定位技术原理相似，GPS／GLONASS组合测量由于可见卫星数目的增加，可以提高测量的精度、可靠性、完备性。着重介绍了GPS／GLONASS组合测量中的主要误差源及其性质并给出相应的影响量级。     

Vertical dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of urban lower boundary layer and its relationship with aerosol concentration over Beijing

By utilizing observational data from a 325 m tower of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on March 19-29, 2001 and August 11-25, 2003, a comprehensive study was conducted on the vertical dynamical and thermodynamic characteristics of the urban lower boundary layer (ULBL) and its relationship with aerosol concentration over Beijing. Firstly, a comparative analysis was made on the gradient data (wind, temperature and humidity), ultrasonic data (atmospheric turbulences) and air-quality observations at different tower heights (47, 120 and 280 m). Secondly, a diagnosis was made to reveal the major features of normalized variances of velocity and temperature, turbulence kinetic energy as well as their relationship with aerosol concentrations. Furthermore, the characteristics of the ULBL vertical structure and the TSP concentration/distribution variations during a sand/dust weather process were also analyzed. The outcome of the study showed that under unstable stratification, the normalized variances of velocity (σu/u*, σv/u*, σw/u*) and temperature (σT/T*) at 47 and 120 m heights fit the Monin-Obukhov similarity (MOS) framework and the fitting formulas were given out accordingly. According to the stratification parameter (z′/L), the stable ULBL could be divided into 2 zones. With z′/L<0.1, it was a weakly stable zone and MOS framework was applicable. The other was a highly stable zone with z′/L>0.1 and the normalized velocity variances tended to increase along with higher stability, but it remained constant for normalized temperature variances. At daytime, the near-surface layer includes two heights of 47 and 120 m, while 280 m has been above it. The ULBL analysis in conjunction with a sand/dust weather process in Beijing in March 2001 indicated that the maximum concentration of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) at 320 m reached 913.3 μg/m3 and the particles were transported from the upper to lower ULBL, which was apparently related to the development process of a low-level jet and its concomitant strong sinking motion.     

The diurnal and seasonal characteristics of urban heat island variation in Beijing city and surrounding areas and impact factors based on remote sensing satellite data

Based on the land surface temperature (LST), the land cover classification map,vegetation coverage, and surface evapotranspiration derived from EOS-MODIS satellite data, and by the use of GIS spatial analytic technique and multivariate statistical analysis method, the urban heat island (UHI) spatial distribution of the diurnal and seasonal variabilities and its driving forces are studied in Beijing city and surrounding areas in 2001. The relationships among UHI distribution and landcover categories, topographic factor, vegetation greenness, and surface evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results indicate that: (i) The significant UHI occur in Beijing city areas in the four seasons due to high heat capacity and multi-reflection of compression building, as well as with special topographic features of its three sides surrounded by mountains,especially in the summer. The UHI spatial distribution is corresponding with the urban geometry structure profile. The LST difference is approximately 4-6℃ between Beijing city and suburb areas, comparatively is 8- 10℃ between Beijing city area and outer suburb area in northwestern regions. (ii) The UHI distribution and intensity in daytime are different from nighttime in Beijing city area, the nighttime UHI is obvious. However, in the daytime, the significant UHI mainly appears in the summer, the autumn takes second place, and the UHI in the winter and the spring seem not obvious. The surface evapotranspiration in suburb areas is larger than that in urban areas in the summer, and high latent heat exchange is evident, which leads to LST difference between city area and suburb area. (iii) The reflection of surface landcover categories is sensitive to the UHI, the correlation between vegetation greenness and UHI shows obviously negative.The scatterplot shows that there is the negative correlation between NDVI and LST (R2 = 0.6481).The results demonstrate that the vegetation greenness is an important factor for reducing the UHI,and large-scale construction of greenbelts can considerably reduce the UHI effect.