兰州新一代天气雷达数据误差来源分析

新一代天气雷达目前已经成为对兰州市及周边地区短时强烈天气进行监测的主要手段之一。为了方便资料的处理和分析,提高观测资料准确度,为预报员和科研人员分析资料提供方便,通过对雷达数据前端生成和后端处理传输2个过程的分析,找出兰州新一代多普勒天气雷达数据误差的来源,并进行分析,发现地物回波、雷达天线增益、测量距离等因素和数据插值、坐标转换、远距离多终端传输等因素分别是前端数据产生过程中和后端数据处理传输过程中数据误差的主要来源。     

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.     

青藏高原唐古拉山北坡夏季风降水特征的初步分析

利用ＧＡＭＥ－Ｔｉｂｅｔ加强观测期间（１９９８年５￣９月）Ｄ１０５站的降水资料,初步分析了青藏高原唐古拉山北坡夏季风降水的特征。表明从６月７日到９月１８日,这１０４ｄ中有８１ｄ产生降水,总结水量为２７９．２ｍｍ,每天平均降水量达３．４５ｍｍ。可以认为６月７日左右为唐古拉山北坡Ｄ１０５站处夏季风爆发日。８月份降水量最大。为１２１．６ｍｍ,占观测期间总降水量的４３．６％。在夏季风期间,季风降水存在着明     

我国产区的几种海水和淡水贝壳珍珠层粉成分的初步对比研究

为了系统研究和比较我国产区的一些海水和淡水贝壳珍珠层的物相和元素成分,我们采集了2种淡水育珠三角帆蚌壳和8种海水贝壳,其中4种是海水育珠马氏珠母贝壳,另4种是其它海水贝壳,并进行预处理以制备其贝壳珍珠层。然后使用X射线衍射、氨基酸分析、原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱法对贝壳珍珠层进行分析。结果表明这10种贝壳珍珠层的矿物物相都十分简单,主要由文石组成,仅含少量的方解石,并且它们的物相成分无明显的差别,难以通过X射线衍射（XRD）分析技术加以鉴定。与其它4种海水贝壳珍珠层相比,马氏珠母贝和三角帆蚌壳珍珠层的氨基酸含量明显大些。各种贝壳珍珠层的微量元素Na、Pb、Hg、As、Cu、Se、Cr、Mn的含量,与其品种基本无关,但可能与其生长的水环境有关。     

黔南坳陷下寒武统烃源岩地球化学特征及成因

为明确黔南坳陷下寒武统烃源岩地球化学特征及成因,采用岩石热解、GC、GC-MS等方法对3个典型剖面样品进行了系统分析。结果表明:黔南坳陷下寒武统黑色岩系为一套区域性海相优质烃源岩,厚约50~150 m;烃源岩TOC值为0.13%～15.40%,平均3.31%(n=169);烃源岩干酪根δ13C值为-35.79‰～-29.88‰,平均-32.85‰(n=35),显微组分主要为腐泥组;烃源岩干酪根海相镜质体反射率值为1.95%～3.96%,其等效镜质体反射率值为2.02%～3.47%;烃源岩饱和烃正构烷烃分布多为单峰形,主峰碳多为C22,C30藿烷和C27规则甾烷含量高,规则甾烷多为C27>C29>C28,Pr/Ph值为0.27～0.62,具较高的伽马蜡烷和硫芴含量,OEP值为0.82~1.11,C31升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)值为0.56~0.63,平均0.59;烃源岩总体具有富集轻稀土元素,Ba、Mo、V、U等元素含量高,具较强Ce负异常、Eu正异常和较高U/Th值等特征。总之,黔南坳陷下寒武统海相烃源岩分布广,厚度较大,有机质丰度高,类型好,热演化程度高,是高古生产力和缺氧环境共同作用的产物,可为黔南坳陷油气生成提供雄厚的成烃物质。     

新疆阿克苏地区早寒武世碳酸盐岩沉积环境:微量元素和碳同位素证据

对出露于塔里木盆地北缘阿克苏地区寒武系纽芬兰统玉尔吐斯组上部和寒武系第二统肖尔布拉克组下部海相沉积碳酸盐岩进行了氧化-还原敏感元素(Mo、V、Cd和U)及稳定C、O同位素的地球化学剖面研究,以探讨早寒武世沉积碳酸盐岩的沉积环境.研究揭示,尤尔美那克剖面肖尔布拉克组底部和下部含有两个δ13C负异常,谷值分别为-2.1‰和...     

青藏高原冰川对气候变化的响应及趋势预测

青藏高原是世界上中低纬度地区最大的现代冰川分布区,这里冰川末端在近百年来总的进退变化趋势是退缩,但在本世纪初至20～30年代和70～80年代间多数冰川曾出现过稳定甚至前进。对比近百年来气候变化,冰川变化虽然滞后于温度变化,但它们之间存在着很好的对应关系,多数冰川对温度变化滞后时间在10～20年间。根据80年代以来平均物质净平衡值,大致将青藏高原划分为:内部为平衡或正平衡区;向外为负平衡区;边缘为强负平衡区。以冰川对气候响应滞后关系预测,在今后10～20年间,青藏高原边缘冰川末端仍继续处于后退,而高原内部冰川末端位置变化不大。     

灰岩碳氧同位素特征与隐伏花岗岩的关系——以栗木水溪庙矿区为例

对栗木水溪庙矿区泥盆系上统融县组灰岩的碳氧同位素进行了研究,该地区灰岩的碳氧同位素组成可提供隐伏花岗岩隆起及其相关流体的重要信息。受隐伏花岗岩侵入驱动的流体与上覆融县组灰岩发生反应的温度在110℃左右,流体的初始同位素组成为δ18OSMOW=-3‰,δ13CPDB≤-7‰,反应的水岩比值（w/r）可能小于5。这种岩浆水与大气降水的混合流体与围岩之间的水岩反应使得地表灰岩的δ18O和δ13C值降低,产生负异常。研究表明,围岩的δ18O值降低受反应的水岩比值和温度控制;δ13C值降低主要与反应的水岩比值有关。反应的温度越高,w/r值越大,灰岩的碳氧同位素负异常越明显。因此,水溪庙矿区地表出露的碳酸盐地层中的碳氧同位素变化可在地球化学勘查中用于指示下伏花岗岩岩脊的隐伏位置。     

湿度效应及其对降水中δ18O季节分布的影响

提出了湿度效应的概念,即降水中稳定同位素比率与大气的温度露点差ΔT_d存在显著的正相关关系.对两个气候特征完全不同的取样站乌鲁木齐和昆明降水中δ¹⁸O与温度露点差之间的关系进行了分析,尽管两站的δ¹⁸O与ΔT_d的季节变化存在差异,但它们的湿度效应是显著的.利用稳定同位素动力分馏模型并根据500hPa月平均温度的季节分布对昆明站云中凝结物中δ¹⁸O进行了模拟,模拟的月平均δ¹⁸O与月平均温度的变化具有非常好的一致性,说明昆明站云中凝结物中的氧稳定同位素具有温度效应.这个结果与地面降水中氧稳定同位素的降水量效应截然不同.昆明站降水中δ¹⁸O一定程度上指示大气的干湿状况,同时也间接地指示降水量的多寡或季风的强弱.湿度效应的存在,影响降落雨滴中稳定同位素蒸发富集的强度以及雨滴与大气之间稳定同位素物质迁移的方向.它不仅改变降水中稳定同位素比率的大小,也改变其季节分布的特点.     

暴雨和降水偏态系数分析

采用统一的统计参数计算方法分析计算了全国0.51万~1.36万个雨量站历时为10 min~3 d的暴雨资料、210个站历时为1 d~90 d和1 a的降水资料的偏态系数和变差系数比值R_sv。探讨了皮尔逊Ⅲ型频率分布曲线的R_sv特性;分析了R_sv的地域分布、R_sv与雨量历时的关系,并研究了对R_sv有影响的多个因子。研究表明,在目前资料条件下,不宜对各个地区各种历时的暴雨频率分析均采用单一的R_sv值(3.5)。