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961.
Journal of Geographical Sciences - The dramatic land use changes that occur in rapidly urbanized areas are important inducement to changes in the eco-environmental quality. Investigating urban land... 相似文献
962.
小城镇在城乡聚落体系中占据着重要位置。自20世纪中叶以来,小城镇分化发展逐渐成为世界范围内的普遍现象。随着城乡互动与全球流动的不断加剧,小城镇受区域、国家乃至全球尺度的影响愈加显著。因此,论文将尺度概念和尺度重组理论与小城镇相结合,对国外相关研究开展综述,以期对发达国家小城镇的转型发展提供合理解释。研究指出,小城镇具有多尺度性,可以用梯形尺度、嵌套尺度、网络尺度等隐喻进行具象化表达。小城镇的转型发展蕴含了尺度生产与再生产的过程,并且可进一步分为经济、社会、文化、政策等4个维度。研究认为,在全球化和城市化背景下,小城镇原有的“核心—边缘”结构发生重构,正在经历一个跨尺度的网络化的尺度重组过程。有些小城镇在此过程中走向衰落,有些则能够成为全球网络尺度中的节点,在梯形尺度方面实现了发展跃迁,在嵌套尺度方面则扩大了腹地范围。最后,研究认为基于尺度重组理论开展中国小城镇转型发展研究有利于突破就小城镇论小城镇的研究禁锢,但需要注意不同语境下的差异性。 相似文献
963.
As terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sinks, plantation ecosystems play essential roles in species diversity protection, resource supply and climate change. Artificial afforestation is of great important in improving the ecological condition, economic development and production in Tibet. Forests can improve soil property changes, yet the understanding of how plantations influence soil C and nutrient conditions in Tibet is still insufficient. This review combines with previous studies to explore the characteristics of soil nutrients, involving nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on Tibetan poplar plantations. Generally, plantations have better abilities in improving the soil C and N cycles, and enhancing the soil stability. In this review, we further analyze the factors, including the modality of land-use, afforested period, tree species, climate factors and soil properties, which may affect the soil C and nutrients. (1) The patterns of land-use affect the accumulation of soil organic matter, thus influence the accumulation of soil C and nutrients; (2) Soil C and N increase with the years of artificial forests, while soil P is on the contrary; (3) The effects of different tree species on soil C and nutrients vary widely; (4) In terms of climate, the C sink of Tibetan plantation soil is most likely to be affected by precipitation, while the nutrient is more likely to be influenced by temperature; (5) Among soil properties, the most related factor to C is soil texture. Furthermore, our review pointed out that future research on soil ecological functions should be focused on soil microbes on Tibet plantation. At the end, we concluded three major challenges for the future research. Therefore, this review contributes to a better understand the effects of plantation on soil C and nutrients on the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
964.
965.
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is a commercially exploited alga. Its filaceous thallus can be divided into three parts, holdfast, middle segment and tip. The growth and branch forming trend and agar content of these three parts were analyzed, respectively, in this study. The results showed that the tip had the highest growth rate and branched most, although it was the last part with branch forming ability. The holdfast formed branches earliest but slowly. Holdfast had the highest agar content. We also assessed the difference in protoplast formation and regeneration among three parts. The middle segment displayed the shortest enzymolysis time and the highest protoplast yield; whereas the tip had the strongest vitality of protoplasts formation. Juvenile plants were only obtained from the protoplasts generated from the tip. These results suggested that the differentiation and function of G. lemaneiformis was different. 相似文献
966.
Jun Zhao Hans-Ulrich Peter Haisheng Zhang Zhengbing Han Chuanyu Hu Peisong Yu Bing Lu Thomas S. Bianchi 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(3):437-444
The study provides one of the first lines of evidence showing linkages between Antarctic phytoplankton abundance and composition in response to ENSO, based on historical reconstruction of sediment biomarkers. In addition to sediment biomarkers, field measured and remote sensing data of phytoplankton abundance were also recorded from Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica. Com-munity structure of field measured phytoplankton showed significant El Ni?o/La Ni?a-related succession during 1990 to 2002. In general, the number of algae species decreased during El Ni?o and La Ni?a years compared to normal years. Austral summer monthly variation of remotely sensed chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), particulate organic carbon (POC), and sea surface temperature (SST) indicated that ENSO impacted the timing of phytoplankton blooms during 2007 to 2011. Phytoplankton blooms (indicated by Chl-a and POC) preceded the increases in SST during El Ni?o years, and lagged behind the SST increases during La Ni?a years. Stratigraphic record of marine sedimentary lipid (brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenones) biomarkers inferred that the proportions of different algae (diatoms, dinoflagellates and haptophytes) changed significantly between El Ni?o and La Ni?a events. The relative proportion of diatoms increased, with that of dinoflagellates being decreased during El Ni?o years, while it was reversed during La Ni?a years. 相似文献
967.
Shou-zhang Peng Chuan-yan Zhao Xiao-ping Wang Zhong-lin Xu Xing-ming Liu Hu Hao Shi-fei Yang 《山地科学学报》2014,11(4):896-905
Daily meteorological data are the critical inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models. This study modified mountain microclimate simulation model (MTCLIM) with the data from 19 weather stations, and compared and validated two methods (the MTCLIM and the modified MTCLIM) in the Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to estimate daily temperature (i.e., maximum temperature, minimum temperature) and precipitation at six weather stations from i January 2000 to 31December 2009. The algorithm of temperature in modified MTCLIM was improved by constructing the daily linear regression relationship between temperature and elevation, aspect and location information. There are two steps to modify the MTCLIM to predict daily precipitation: firstly, the linear regression relationship was built between annual average precipitation and elevation, location, and vegetation index; secondly, the distance weight for measuring the contribution of each weather station on target point was improved by average wind direction during the rainy season. Several regression analysis and goodness-of-fit indices (i.e., Pearson's correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, root-mean-square error and modelingefficiency) were used to validate these estimated values. The result showed that the modified MTCLIM had a better performance than the MTCLIM. Therefore, the modified MTCLIM was used to map daily meteorological data in the study area from 2000 to 2009. These results were validated using weather stations with short time data and the predicted accuracy was acceptable. The meteorological data mapped could become inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models applied in the Qilian Mountains. 相似文献
968.
Based on X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the Dachang gold ore, it is showed that the sulfide of ore is the main carrier minerals of gold. A majority of gold is embedded in pyrite and tetrahedrite as the form of inclusion and a small amount intergrowth with pyrite and gangue mineral, occasionally the presence is in form of monomer natural gold. The main factors which influence the recovery rate are sulfide mineral particle size, and the fine grained sulfide is beneficial for the dissociation and flotation of gold bearing minerals. The monomer dissociation degree of gold bearing minerals can reach 91.3% , when the grinding fineness is less than 0. 074 mm and grain level accounts as 80%. It is not conducive to the flotation of sulfide if the grinding fineness is low or high. It is difficult to completely dissociate the monomer if there is a small amount of pyrite and arsenopyrite in the ore. Therefore, before leaching the gold, it must conduct pretreatment to reach the ideal recovery rate of the gold, like roasting oxidation, pressure oxidation and biological oxidation. The fine microscopic gold has little influence on the gold recovery rate. 相似文献
969.
为开展新奥尔松地区苔原植物生长和植被演替对冰川退缩响应的研究,在Austre Lovénbreen冰川(简称A冰川)前沿不同年代冰缘线附近布设了植被样方,调查了样方内植物组成与群落结构。结果表明:(1)A冰川1990年冰缘线代表植被演替的初始阶段,样方内仅出现先锋植物挪威虎耳草(Saxifraga oppositifolia);(2)1936年冰缘线代表冰川退缩长达75年后植被发育的情况,样方内植物种类和个体数明显增多,植被群落以木本植物极柳(Salix polaris)和草本植物黄葶苈(Draba bellii)为主,地衣以寒生肉疣衣(Ochrolechia frigida)和鸡皮衣(Pertusaria sp.)等壳状地衣为主;(3)随着冰川迹地形成时间更长,植被趋向成熟阶段发展,样方内极柳占绝对优势,地衣的物种多样性和盖度显著增加,出现雪黄岛衣(Flavocetraria nivalis)和刺岛衣(Cetraria aculeata)等叶状地衣。初步结果表明冰川退缩迹地上的物种更替明显,群落结构发生着显著变化。 相似文献
970.
Haibo Hu 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(9):1765-1780
An algorithm was developed for converting radar data from matrix format into polygons that can be easily visualized, processed, and analyzed using Geographic Information Systems. Spatial operators can be used to overlap radar polygons with land surface features represented by points, lines, and polygons to meet the demands of severe weather identification and tracking and risk recognition. Application and testing of the algorithm demonstrate that the converted radar polygons are suitable for use in weather modification, risk assessments of flash floods in urban areas, and the identification of lightning activity for lightning risk recognition, all of which are essential in real-time severe weather monitoring and warning. 相似文献