青藏高原东北缘印支期宗务隆造山带

位于柴达木地块北缘构造带（柴北缘构造带）与南祁连造山带间的宗务隆构造带发育晚古生代、早中三叠世地层以及石炭纪蛇绿岩地体和具有岛弧性质的二叠纪—早三叠世中酸性火山岩。三个侵入宗务隆带南侧的海西—印支期花岗岩（246Ma天峻南山花岗岩、238Ma青海湖南山花岗岩和215Ma二郎洞花岗岩）分别与俯冲和后碰撞相关。两期明显的构造变形为印支期造山构造和第三纪陆内构造活动印记,前者以300余千米长的韧性剪切带为代表,后者以大规模指向南的逆冲推覆作用为特征。宗务隆构造带经历了由陆内裂陷、洋盆发育和俯冲—碰撞造山的演化过程,既不同于其南侧的柴北缘构造带也不属于北侧的南祁连造山带,而是一在柴北缘和南祁连造山带共同构建的加里东陆块上发育起来的、具有完整板块旋回的印支期造山带。     

关于一种新型横波震源（SH型）的探讨

实现横波（SH波）勘探的关键问题是震源。现有的SH波震源--扭力振动器的缺点是辐射方向性不好,能量集中在水平方向,而在垂直方向辐射的能量几乎为零,这样的震源对于反射波勘探是不利的。 本文从理论上提出用垂直力矩构成横波震源。理论推导结果（高频渐近解）表明,该震源在方位角θ=90°方向上辐射纯SH波,SH波能量辐射集中在垂直方向,而在水平方向几乎为零。显然,这样的震源对于反射波勘探十分有利。 文中还采用Cagniard-deHoop回路积分技术计算了波场的精确解及最大振幅随离源角的变化,结果与解析解一致.     

气候影响下膨胀土开裂的力学分析

采用线弹性断裂力学的方法,针对气候影响下的膨胀土开裂问题,提出了膨胀土开裂深度和裂缝间距的定量表达式,经比较与现场实测结果基本一致。并对开裂深度与泊松比、断裂韧度、基质吸力等土体特性参数的关系进行了详细的论述。     

磁源瞬变电磁法应用及其方法技术

归纳磁源瞬变电磁法在地质矿产、地质灾害和工程地质中的勘查应用,并对该方法的野外数据采集、资料处理等方法技术进行了探讨。     

Geochemistry and Origin of Layers in Single Manganese Nodule from the Philippine Sea and Manganese Nodules from Offshore Minami-Torishima,Western Pacific

Layers from one manganese nodule dredged from the Philippine Sea(16°56'N, 129°48'E; water depth, 5700 m) and 45 bulk nodules from offshore Minami-Torishima Island, Japan(23°3'N, 153°22'E; water depth, 1200 m) were analyzed chemically and their origin is discussed based on geochemical constraints. In general, Cu, Ni, Zn and Mo tend to increase with increasing Mn content, while Co, Pb, Ba, V, Sc, Th, and the rare earth elements(REEs) show less variation with increasing Mn content. Nodule 42 H from the Philippine Sea has an average Mn/Fe ratio close to 1 and shows a positive Ce anomaly, suggesting a predominant hydrogenous origin. Profiles of 230Th230 ex and Thex/232 Th ratios in the outer ~0.3 mm of nodule 42 H indicate a steady growth rate of ~1.7 mm/Myr. Nodule E30 from offshore Minami-Torishima is characterized by lower Mn, Fe, Mn/Fe(0.53) and Mo/V(0.2) ratios but higher P and Cu/Ni(0.31) ratio relative to other nodules from that area. The Ce content of E30 is unusually low(82 ppm) when compared with other nodules from the area and it is the only nodule analyzed with a negative Ce anomaly(-0.64). Based on the geochemical data we suggest that most nodules from offshore Minami-Torishima are primarily of hydrogenous origin except E30, which is dominated by hydrothermal input, and E45, which has about a 35% hydrothermal contribution.     

岩土材料的各向异性强度准则

岩土材料的强度往往表现出很强的各向异性,而已有的各向同性强度准则不能够描述这一特性。提出一个岩土材料的各向异性强度准则。为了描述材料的各向异性,引入了一个由应力张量和组构张量的联合不变量表达的各向异性参数。该参数可以描述加载方向和材料组构方向的夹角。强度准则是基于材料在子午面和偏平面上的破坏特性而建立的,这为描述广义的材料强度各向异性提供了方便。与原各向同性强度准则相比,各向异性强度准则只引入了两个新的模型参数,而且所有的模型参数都可以通过常规的室内试验结果确定。该准则的预测结果与砂土、黏土、天然黏土和岩石的试验结果比较表明,它能够很好地描述岩土材料强度的各向异性     

青藏高原西部降水中δ18O变化特征

根据青藏高原西部阿里地区狮泉河气象站和改则气象站取得的降水水样和降水气象资料, 分析了该区域降水中δ18O的变化特征.结果表明: 在长时间尺度上, 狮泉河和改则两站点历次降水中δ18O和气温之间都有较好的正相关, 尤其是降水中月平均δ18O与月平均降水温度之间相关性更加显著, 降水中δ18O主要受"温度效应"的影响.而在其中的某一年, 这种相关性不是很明显, 而且在降水中δ18O和降水时温度之间的相关性很好的年份, 在7月底或8月份初短期内降水中δ18O几乎都有一个突然降低的事件, 这可能与印度季风水汽输送有关.与狮泉河站相比, 在改则降水中δ18O和气温二者之间这种相关性相对较弱, 这与改则当地内陆水循环特别是强烈蒸发引起的降水有关.     

Improved Geometric Model of Extensional Fault–bend Folding

Extensional fault–bend folds, also called rollovers, are one of the most common structures in extensional settings. Numerous studies have shown that oblique simple shear is the most appropriate mechanism for quantitative modeling of geometric relations between normal faults and the strata in their hanging walls. However, the oblique simple shear has a rather serious issue derived from the shear direction, particularly above convex bends. We use geometric and experimental methods to study the deformation of extensional fault–bend folds on convex bends. The results indicate that whether the fault bends are concave or convex, the shear direction of the hanging wall dips toward the main fault. On this basis, we improve the previous geometric model by changing the shear direction above the convex bends. To illustrate basin history, our model highlights the importance of the outer limit of folding instead of the growth axial. Moreover, we propose a new expression for the expansion index that is applicable to the condition of no deposition on the footwall. This model is validated by modeling a natural structure of the East China Sea Basin.     

Using of Key Stratum Theory to Study the Structural Development of Roof Aquifer

<正>During the underground mining of coal resources,overlying rocks on the roof of excavated tunnels will be destroyed due to ground pressure,and as a result,part of them will break and fall into the tunnels.How to determine the distribution of fractured areas and fissures presents a major problem for preserving the overlying aquifer.In most cases,the distribution of fissures induced