全球导航卫星系统的现代化进展

无论从技术角度、经济角度、还是从战略角度出发,卫星导航定位系统都具有极高的研究及应用价值。文章重点围绕国外三大导航卫星定位系统及国内北斗星导航定位系统的体系结构、服务内容、现代化进展及其相互异同;阐述了发展卫星导航定位系统对我国的重大意义;提出了我国面临这一高新技术浪潮急需采取的战略举措。     

城市生活圈公共服务设施空间配置优化研究 ——以天水市为例

公共服务设施的科学合理布局对于一字型河谷城市显得尤为重要.基于天水市592个居住小区、54所学校、34家社区医院、259个公交车站、15个菜市场等空间数据,引用核密度估计、Ripley's K函数、ArcGIS服务区分析等方法,从空间格局、设施网点步行可达性方面定量探究一字型河谷城市居住小区和公共服务设施的耦合性.研究...     

云南镍钴矿成矿规律及找矿方向

镍、钴是我国重要的紧缺战略性矿产, 其保障程度对国家稳定和发展具有重要意义。云南省作为有色金属王国, 已发现了镍矿床(点)42处, 钴矿床(点)48处, 查明资源量位于全国前列, 具有较好的镍、钴矿找矿潜力。本文在前人研究工作基础上, 梳理了云南省镍、钴矿床的成因类型、时空分布和成矿作用, 总结成矿规律, 并探讨找矿方向。云南省镍、钴矿床可划分为岩浆型、岩浆热液型、海相火山岩型、受变质型、中-低温热液型和风化型6种矿床类型。镍、钴矿主要集中于扬子陆块及三江造山带, 镍矿床主要形成于印支期及喜马拉雅期, 钴矿床主要形成于喜马拉雅期、晋宁期及印支期。岩浆型和风化型镍、钴矿床与印支期扬子陆块的基性-超基性岩侵入活动关系密切, 中-低温热液型钴矿与喜马拉雅期的构造活动相关, 海相火山岩型和受变质型钴矿则是位于扬子陆块内与晋宁期火山活动相关的昆阳群和大红山岩群中。通过对全省镍、钴矿成矿作用分析和成矿规律总结, 结合潜力评价工作成果, 全省共圈定8处找矿远景区。为云南省新一轮找矿突破战略行动镍、钴矿勘查部署提供思路。     

黄土丘陵干旱区地下水资源遥感调查研究

以宁夏固原县东部的黄土丘陵干旱地区为研究区，利用ETM的热红外波段进行地下水资源遥感调查，识别对地下水资源和水环境有重要影响的地形地貌、岩性构造、土壤植被、水系特征等综合自然体的遥感特征，分析研究地表水与地下水联系的环境条件，提取遥感找水信息异常，圈定找水靶区，为探水井设计及施工提供重要依据，取得了良好的应用效果。     

金沙江白鹤滩水电站坝址区断层变形特点及成因分析

拟建中的白鹤滩水电站坝基将建在二叠系峨眉山组玄武岩层之上.坝址区发育有位移量较小的NW300°、NW320°、NE40°和近SN向4组断层,其中NW300°断层最为发育.在野外详细调查的基础上,室内的显微构造研究和电子自旋共振(简称ESR)测年结果表明,坝址区内的断层是在燕山期晚期近东西向挤压应力场作用下形成,后期又受到了近南北向挤压应力场的改造.断层破碎带以发育典型碎裂-角砾岩等浅层脆性构造岩为特点,近期活动不明显.     

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.     

地质勘探过程中煤层气联测氢气方法

瓦斯的危害和煤层气的利用,不断在推进着瓦斯地质理论、煤层气开发利用技术的进步和发展。在以往的诸多研究中,不论是防治瓦斯的危害还是着眼于煤层气的利用,甲烷都是研究的重点。但是,除甲烷之外,还有没有其它影响或控制瓦斯危害和煤层气利用的组分或因素呢？煤层气（瓦斯）联测氢气的方法和应用研究,就是循着这一思路而做的探索性工作。     

贵州省地质灾害气象预警预报

贵州复杂和脆弱的地质环境使地质灾害频发,危害民生,影响国民经济的健康发展,引起社会的重视。选用适合的地质灾害气象预警预报方法,是主动防灾减灾的手段之一。几年来的预警预报工作证明,效果总体较好。对其重要性、影响、作用、改进的意义做了解读。     

新疆阿合奇地区晚石炭世-早二叠世筵类动物群

在塔里木盆地西北缘的阿合奇地区晚石炭世-早二叠世地层中发现大量的筵类化石,共计18属61种,另有较多未定种,自下而上建立了4个筵带,依次为Pseudostaffella带、Profusulinella带、Fusulinella—Fusulina带和Pseudoschwagerma带。各篷带与华南、帕米尔达尔瓦兹等地能很好的对比,且筵类动物群面貌与华南地区相似。根据筵类化石确定别根他乌组为晚石炭世早中期罗苏期-达拉期,康克林组为晚石炭世晚期小独山期一早二叠世紫松期,将该区石炭系、二叠系的界线置于71层底部。石炭纪末期区域上海退和古地形的影响导致筵带Triticites带的缺失。     

新疆布鲁斯台辉长岩岩石学特征及对南天山洋俯冲时限的制约

布鲁斯台辉长岩位于中天山南缘缝合带中段古洛沟蛇绿岩以北30km,是该带上出露的为数不多的较大的基性侵入岩体。辉长岩主要由斜长石(35%~45%)、单斜辉石(20%~25%)和角闪石(30%~35%)组成,角闪石主要为交代辉石后的产物。岩石化学成分显示,辉长岩具有高Al2O3(15.43%~23.20%)和CaO(12.96%~14.48%),低碱K2O(0.13%~0.19%)、Na2O(1.47%~3.00%)、P2O5(0.03%~0.07%)和TiO2(0.34%~0.61%)的特征。辉长岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式与E-MORB相似,但ΣREE低(12.91×10-6~23.14×10-6),微量元素具有Ba、U、K、Sr等LILE富集和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th等HFSE亏损的特点。锆石原位εHf(t)值为+9.7~+15.0。上述特征反映辉长岩形成的构造背景为活动大陆边缘,源区为受俯冲流体影响的亏损地幔橄榄岩,且在上升的过程中未遭受地壳的明显混染。La、Sm、Yb判别图解显示岩石可能是亏损的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩发生5%~10%的部分熔融的产物。锆石LA-ICP-MS测年表明,辉长岩形成年龄为316.8±2.1Ma(MSWD=3.4,n=36)。结合区域地质、年代学和地球化学的资料,我们提出至少在晚石炭世,南天山洋还存在洋内和洋陆俯冲事件,南天山洋闭合的时间可能在更晚的早二叠世,而不是志留纪或者早泥盆世。