Elasticity soltion of rupture model of shallow earthquake

Based on the theory of elastic mechanics, and using the typical rupture model of shallow earthquake, the authors considered the shallow earthquake as a plane mechanical problem, which was constructed the corresponding mechanical model. By the stress components' formulas of the semi-infinite model acted by the finite even shearing force, the main stress is deduced. It is clear that the sector on the right of the center section is squeezed zone, where the maximum principal stress points at the "source of stress", and that on the left is tensile zone, where the minimum principal stress points to the "source of stress".     

Coupled three-dimensional discrete element–finite difference simulation of dynamic compaction

Discrete element method has been widely adopted to simulate processes that are challenging to continuum-based approaches. However, its computational efficiency can be greatly compromised when large number of particles are required to model regions of less interest to researchers. Due to this, the application of DEM to boundary value problems has been limited. This paper introduces a three-dimensional discrete element–finite difference coupling method, in which the discrete–continuum interactions are modeled in local coordinate systems where the force and displacement compatibilities between the coupled subdomains are considered. The method is validated using a model dynamic compaction test on sand. The comparison between the numerical and physical test results shows that the coupling method can effectively simulate the dynamic compaction process. The responses of the DEM model show that dynamic stress propagation (compaction mechanism) and tamper penetration (bearing capacity mechanism) play very different roles in soil deformations. Under impact loading, the soil undergoes a transient weakening process induced by dynamic stress propagation, which makes the soil easier to densify under bearing capacity mechanism. The distribution of tamping energy between the two mechanisms can influence the compaction efficiency, and allocating higher compaction energy to bearing capacity mechanism could improve the efficiency of dynamic compaction.

     

基于地质记录用时域组合模型预测气候变化趋势的初步研究

用时域分析组合模型建立了１００万年来６０°Ｎ６月份太阳辐射量时间序列、宝鸡黄土粒度时间序列、渭南夏季风指数时间序列的动态模型．研究结果表明,时域分析组合模型较好地提取了时间序列的信息,得到的几个显著周期Ｔ＝１３３,１００,８９,４１,２３,１９ｋａ,与地球轨道三要素的变化周期接近．用组合模型拟合实测数据,精度是高的;用其预测未来气候替代性指标时间序列的变化情况,发现未来气候有向干冷方向发展的趋势．时域分析组合模型为研究气候变化趋势提供了一种定量分析、预测的方法．     

南海北部深水区荔湾凹陷构造演化及其石油地质意义

荔湾凹陷北与白云凹陷相邻,南与双峰盆地（南海西北次海盆）相接,发育于洋陆过渡边界,具有独特的结构构造特征。选取荔湾凹陷为研究对象,在3D地震资料解释的基础上,以断裂特征分析厘定凹陷性质、构造古地貌恢复解析凹陷结构,进而指出古地貌恢复和构造演化对油气勘探的影响。研究获得三方面的创新性认识：①荔湾凹陷为洋陆过渡壳上发育的断坳,断坳作用占主导地位;②32Ma的底辟作用将荔湾凹陷改造为“四洼三凸”的构造格局,恩平组沉积期凹陷北部是一个连通的洼陷;③恩平组沉积期连通洼陷的古地貌有利于三角洲（烃源岩）的发育,背斜型圈闭的定型受控于32Ma的底辟作用,是荔湾凹陷油气勘探的有利目标。     

岩石锚杆基础抗拔承载力计算方法探究

岩石锚杆基础作为架空输电线路塔基中的一种特殊基础型式,可以充分发挥原状岩体的力学性能,具有良好的抗拔性能。根据目前岩石锚杆基础原型试验的结果,《架空送电线路基础设计技术规定》中所推荐的单锚基础抗拔承载力计算模型中,理想45?破坏模式与实际不符,按其设计计算值偏差较大,可能导致设计成果不安全。为此,依据极限平衡原理基于围岩强度建立了较为合理的抗拔承载力计算模型,力学推导得出了相关公式,并进行了简化。通过推导公式计算值与实测值、设计值对比验证可知,抗拔承载力极限值位于 ～ 区间内,与推荐公式 的计算值一致性较好,能满足工程应用精度,具有可行性。     

Differential uplift between Beihuaiyang and Dabie orogenic belt

Isotope dating, hornblende geobarometer, fission-track analysis and fluid inclusion homogeneous temperature analysis have been applied to Caledonian, Variscan and Yenshan plutons in Bei Huaiyang (BHY) and Dabie orogenic belt (DOB), and the emplaced depths and ages of these plutons have been obtained in order to obtain differential uplift time and uplift heights between BHY and DOB since late Paleozoic era. BHY had experienced three stages of uplift (C1-C2, T-J2, J3-K1) and its total uplift height is about 10 km, but, DOB had only experienced two stages of uplift (T-J2, J3-K1) and its maximum uplift height is more than 15 km. BHY uplift occurred mainly before the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma), but DOB uplift took place after the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma).     

2021年山东一次罕见区域性“雷打雪”天气成因分析

利用气象观测资料、雷电定位资料、ERA5再分析资料和双偏振雷达资料,分析了2021年11月6—7日发生在山东西北部一次极端“雷打雪”天气过程。结果表明：(1)雷暴和降雪出现在冷锋后部150 km以外,属于冬季冷锋型高架对流。雷电维持时间和出现频数与降雪量有较好的对应关系。(2)环流形势具有下冷上暖的特点,低层为冷锋后的冷层,800 hPa附近为西南暖湿气流形成的暖层。西南低空急流和东北风超低空急流异常强盛,不仅提供了有利于对流产生的充足水汽,也使得深层垂直风切变达到6.7×10^-3 s^-1。(3)“雷打雪”发生前,鲁西北地区上空大气具有对流不稳定,随着冷空气侵入,冷垫逐渐增厚,鲁西北上空锋面附近具有条件对称不稳定,800 hPa中尺度低涡在逆温层之上触发了对流,产生雷电。(4)通过双偏振雷达产品可以看到,雷打雪发生时,站点周围存在明显的2层回波,-10℃层高度(约为600 hPa)冰相粒子浓度较大,可能是雷电机制之一。     

The Linkage between Midwinter Suppression of the North Pacific Storm Track and Atmospheric Circulation Features in the Northern Hemisphere

The midwinter suppression(MWS) of the North Pacific storm track(NPST) has been an active research topic for decades. Based on the daily-mean NCEP/NCAR reanalysis from 1948 to 2018, this study investigates the MWS-related atmospheric circulation characteristics in the Northern Hemisphere by regression analysis with respect to a new MWS index, which may shed more light on this difficult issue. The occurrence frequency of the MWS of the upper-tropospheric NPST is more than 0.8 after the mid-1980 s. The MWS is accompanied by significantly positive sea-level pressure anomalies in Eurasia and negative anomalies over the North Pacific, which correspond to a strengthened East Asian winter monsoon. The intensified East Asian trough and atmospheric blocking in the North Pacific as well as the significantly negative low-level air temperature anomalies, lying upstream of the MNPST, are expected to be distinctly associated with the MWS. However, the relationship between the MWS and low-level atmospheric baroclinicity is somewhat puzzling.From the diagnostics of the eddy energy budget, it is identified that the inefficiency of the barotropic energy conversion related to the barotropic governor mechanism does not favor the occurrence of the MWS. In contrast, weakened baroclinic energy conversion, buoyancy conversion, and generation of eddy available potential energy by diabatic heating are conducive to the occurrence of the MWS. In addition, Ural blocking in the upstream region of the MNPST may be another candidate mechanism associated with the MWS.     

蒙古塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷下白垩统层序结构类型、控制因素与层序发育模式

利用录井及地震反射资料,采用层序地层学原理对蒙古塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷下白垩统地层层序进行了划分和对比,划分出了4个三级层序（SQ1-SQ4）。在此基础上,结合盆地的构造演化特点,研究了层序结构特征,划分了层序类型,其中,SQ1和SQ2为初始裂谷期湖泊层序,SQ3为裂谷深陷期层序,SQ4为裂谷后过渡层序。层序的结构主要受构造沉降方式控制,塔南凹陷不同时期构造沉降方式不同,形成了3种层序发育模式,即简单箕状斜坡模式、差异沉降构造反转模式、坳陷型层序发育模式,不同的层序发育模式,其地层岩性圈闭的发育和分布不同。     

三疣梭子蟹和华溪蟹主要器官比较组织学的初步研究

近年来随着养殖业的发展,蟹类病害频繁发生,日趋严重。在开展病害研究过程中,由于三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus的SPF(无特定病原体)材料难于获得,而试验蟹的获得又受到养殖条件、养殖周期等因素的限制,因此阻碍了相关研究的开展,尤其是病毒学研究的进展。筛选一种可替代的模式生物,并开展相关研究显得尤为迫切。华溪蟹Sinopotamon和三疣梭子蟹亲缘关系较近,作为野生的蟹类容易获得,价格低廉,也容易在实验室条件下饲养。笔者在梭子蟹病原研究中发现,华溪蟹不带梭子蟹病原,但在实验条件下可感染相关病原,是开展此两类蟹病原体研究的较好实验动物,有必要开展这两种蟹的组织比较形态学的基础研究,以支持相关的应用研究。笔者经过对三疣梭子蟹和华溪蟹的组织石蜡切片观察发现,两种蟹的各组织器官结构基本相似,各组织结构都由4层构成,即粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜。上皮细胞分泌物形成几丁质板,覆盖在上皮细胞表面。三疣梭子蟹的食管粘膜下层较发达。华溪蟹食管粘膜下层的肌层均相对较薄,食管腔较小。这两种蟹的胃壁结构无明显差别。在三疣梭子蟹的局部胃壁,可见嗜酸性几丁质层,上皮细胞顶部间有间隙,间隙中有一些嗜碱性物质。三疣梭子蟹肠粘膜下层不明显。华溪蟹的中肠非常细小,被肝胰腺等组织包裹,难以分离,管腔小,管壁外结缔组织少。两种蟹肝胰腺均由许多分枝的肝小管组成,小管间为结缔组织,血窦。肝小管由单层柱状上皮构成,高低不等,可以明显区分出分泌细胞、吸收细胞、储存细胞和胚性细胞4种形态的细胞,其功能也不同。三疣梭子蟹鳃轴基本弯曲,窄处鳃轴与鳃丝粗细相当,鳃丝和鳃小片间隔较大。华溪蟹鳃轴笔直延伸,窄处鳃轴明显粗于鳃丝,鳃丝间隔较小。两者鳃小片均由扁平上皮组成,外侧有薄层几丁质板。华溪蟹的鳃血管中可以明显看到较多染成红色的血细胞。三疣梭子蟹心肌纤维排列松散,线粒体较少,形态多样。华溪蟹心肌纤维排列致密,线粒体多呈群分布,且数量更多。心肌由梭形心肌细胞组成,有横纹,彼此相连成网,其周围有少量原生质。肌细胞的核呈棒状。