Relation between temperature changes of the mid-upper troposphere over Eurasian mid-high latitudes and solar irradiance in the twentieth century

The δ¹⁸O data obtained from an 18.7 m ice core drilled in Chongce Ice Cap at an elevation of 6,530 m a.s.l. in the West Kunlun Mountains on the northern Tibetan Plateau show a strong correlation with the summer temperature of the middle to upper troposphere over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia. Based on this, the δ¹⁸O record can be used as a proxy of the June–September mean temperature of the mid-upper troposphere (MUT) from 1903 to 1992. The time span of the ice core record is much longer than the meteorological data available only after 1948. Using the empirical mode decomposition method (EMD), the δ¹⁸O record is decomposed into various frequency components and compared with the solar irradiance variations of the same period. The results show that (1) The June–September mean temperature of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes is completely decomposed into four IMF (intrinsic mode function) components and an increasing trend. (2) Solar irradiance is decomposed into the Schwabe cycle, the Hale cycle, the Gleissberg cycle, and an increasing trend. (3) The correlation coefficients between the June and September mean temperatures of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes and solar irradiance on the longer timescales (at least more than 11-year) show the significant correlations; their phase changes are basically identical in general, and (4) the 11-year Schwabe cycle exists in the June–September mean temperature of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes during most of the time from 1903 to 1992, and only in the two high-temperature phases (1929–1944 and from 1975 to the present) may global warming disturb this relation. A full understanding of this phenomenon would shed insight into the potential consequence of global warming on the MUT.     

地铁隧道盾构施工引起的工程性地面沉降研究

基于上海地区地铁隧道盾构施工引发的工程性地面沉降机理分析,采用数值分析和数学拟合方法,对盾构埋深、地层损失率、盾构半径和穿越土层性质等因素与地面沉降影响范围和最大沉降量之间的基本规律分别进行了深入的分析研究,给出了它们之间各自的定量关系式,并在盾构施工实例中进行了分析和验证。     

浙北平原区土壤硒地球化学研究

基于嘉善县基本农田质量调查和嘉善县富硒土地资源专项调查中高密度的土壤硒数据及其它测试指标,对浙北嘉善表层土壤硒的含量、分布及影响因素进行了初步研究。分析结果显示,嘉善土壤总量硒平均值为0.33mg/kg,在干窑——姚庄一带存在约57km~2的富硒土壤(Se≥0.40mg/kg);不同土属硒含量差别不大;硒在土壤剖面中分布的总体趋势是硒在表土层聚集;嘉善富硒土壤以有机结合态和腐植酸态两种形态为主,残渣态也占有一定比例。结合全量硒与有机碳的相关性分析和富硒土壤的硒形态分析等结果,本研究认为高硒背景与有机质吸附对嘉善富硒土壤的形成起到了关键作用,改变了嘉善缺硒的认识。     

Reclamation-oriented spatiotemporal evolution of coastal wetland along Bohai Rim,China

Coastal wetlands are located in the ecotone of interaction between the land surface and sea, and anthropogenic activities extensively interfere with these wetlands through the reclamation of large tidal wetlands and destruction of the function of the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the Bohai Rim coastal area over the past 40 years using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, the fractal dimension, object-oriented classification, the land-use transfer trajectory, and regression analysis. Additionally, we quantified and monitored the evolution of reclamation and analyzed the correlation between reclamation and coastal wetlands based on 99 Landsat-2, -5, and -8 images (at 60 m and 30 m spatial resolution) over the period 1980–2019. The results are as follows. (1) The coastline of the Bohai Rim increased by 1 631.2 km from 1980 to 2019 with a zigzag variation. The artificial coastline increased by 2 946.1 km, whereas the natural coastline decreased by 90%. (2) The area of man-made wetlands increased by 3 736.9 km2, the area of construction land increased by 1 008.4 km2, and the natural wetland area decreased by 66%. The decrease of tidal flats is the main contributor to the decrease of natural wetland area (takes account for 91.1%). Coastal areas are affected by intense human disturbance, which was taken place across a large area of tidal flats and caused the landscape to fragment and be more heterogeneous. The coastal zone development activities were primarily concentrated in the southern Laizhou Bay, the Yellow River Delta, the Bohai Bay, the northern Liaodong Bay, and the Pulandian Bay. The solidified shorelines and increase in sea level have resulted in intertidal wetlands decreasing and impaired wetland ecology. (3) There is a good agreement between reclamation and the size of the coastal wetlands. Both land reclamation and the reduction in coastal wetland areas are significantly related to the population size, fishery output value, and urbanization rate. In summary, human activities, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds and salt pans, industrialization, and urbanization, are the primary forces that influence the environmental changes in the coastal region. This study is beneficial for establishing and improving the systems for the rational development and utilization of natural resources, and provides theoretical references for restoring wetland ecology and managing future reclamation activities in other coastal zone-related areas.     

台风期间浮标和潜标上ADCP的空间变化、数据误差及校正#br#

基于南海北部浮标和潜标的声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）数据,通过一套几何算法计算了台风海鸥（1415）期间ADCP的空间变化和流速误差,并进行数据校正。浮标上,台风过后ADCP的水平位移最大可达2.61 km,水平流速误差最大可达0.27 m/s,垂向流速误差最大仅为5×10^-4 m/s;温跃层流速校正值在台风过后显著大于流速测值,这表明水平校正对于温跃层流速的质量控制很重要。潜标上,ADCP最大垂向位移增量为179 m,最大绳子倾角为35°,最大水平位移为1.5 km; ADCP水平流速误差和倾角误差都很小,在数据校正中可忽略不计,但对台风过后中层流速的垂向校正不能忽略。     

A Prediction Method of Internal Solitary Wave Loads on the Semi- Submersible Platform

An investigation into the prediction method for internal solitary waves (ISWs) loads on the columns and caissons of the semi-submersible platform found on three kinds of internal solitary wave theories and the modified Morison Equation is described. The characteristics of loads exerted on the semi-submersible platform model caused by the ISWs have been observed experimentally, and the inertial and drag coefficients in Morison Equation are determined by analyzing the forces of experiments. From the results, it is of interest to find that Reynolds number, KC number and layer thickness ratio have a considerable influence on the coefficients. The direction of incoming waves, however, is almost devoid of effects on the coefficients. The drag coefficient of columns varies as an exponential function of Reynolds number, and inertia coefficient of columns is a power function related to KC number. Meanwhile, the drag coefficient of caissons is approximately constant in terms of regression analysis of experimental data. The results from different experimental conditions reveal that the inertia coefficient of caissons appears to be exponential correlated with upper layer depths.

     

罗氏沼虾线粒体锰超氧化物歧化酶的克隆表达与功能研究

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)是我国重要的经济虾类之一。近年来, 细菌性感染造成罗氏沼虾养殖业病害频发, 经济损失巨大。因此了解其免疫机制对于指导疾病防控至关重要。线粒体锰超氧化物歧化酶(mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase, mMnSOD)被认为是抵御氧化应激的第一道防线, 在先天性免疫中具有至关重要的作用。目前, 甲壳动物中mMnSOD的免疫功能尚不清楚。为此, 本研究克隆了罗氏沼虾mMnSOD基因(mMnSOD of M. rosenbergii, MrmMnSOD), 制备了多克隆抗体, 分析了嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染下, MrmMnSOD在不同组织中的表达模式。结果显示, 肝胰腺和肠组织中MrmMnSOD的基因表达水平分别在感染后3h和6h达到最大; 组织免疫荧光分析显示, 肝胰腺和肠组织中MrmMnSOD均在感染后12h达到最大荧光强度。以上结果表明, mMnSOD参与了罗氏沼虾对嗜水气单胞菌的免疫应激反应。进一步的蛋白抑菌实验表明, MrmMnSOD可显著抑制大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、嗜水气单胞菌、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)的生长, 推测该蛋白可能属于免疫相关分子, 可通过抑菌反应发挥免疫功能。当前的研究结果进一步丰富了甲壳动物先天性免疫基础理论, 也可为今后罗氏沼虾的病害防控和药物研发提供新的靶点参考。     

海底管道整体式止屈器性能研究与穿越压力预测

整体式止屈器可有效抑制海底管道屈曲传播并避免管道的大规模屈曲失效。为探究整体式止屈器的止屈特性,预测其穿越压力,利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,分析了整体式止屈器厚度、长度、径厚比等参数对穿越压力和穿越形式的影响机制,揭示了整体式止屈器的止屈特性。研究结果表明:在平行穿越阶段,增加止屈器厚度、有效长度可明显提升穿越压力;而在垂直穿越阶段,穿越压力增长速率明显放缓。结合有限元模拟结果,拟合得到了整体式止屈器在不同穿越形式下的穿越压力预测公式,其相较于已有经验公式准确性更高,对整体式止屈器的设计和建造具有重要的指导意义。     

基于网络药理学探讨桔梗治疗肺动脉高压的作用机制

目的：运用网络药理学方法研究桔梗治疗肺动脉高压（PH）的作用机制。方法：通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台（TCMSP）筛选桔梗有效化合物及其作用靶点,使用Gene Cards数据库筛选疾病候选靶点,利用Cytoscape-v 3.7.2软件构建化合物-靶点-疾病网络,运用String数据平台绘制蛋白相互作用网络,运用R软件分析靶基因的GO功能,使用DAVID数据库分析KEGG通路。结果：桔梗治疗PH的有效化合物包含木犀草素、金合欢素、菠菜甾醇及顺式-二氢槲皮素,相关潜在靶点涉及PTGS1、PTGS2、HSP90AA1等。GO功能富集分析显示预测靶点主要与氧化应激反应、细胞生长增殖等生物过程及细胞因子活性、细胞因子与受体结合情况、氧化还原酶活性等分子功能相关。KEGG富集分析显示潜在基因主要集中在白细胞介素-17、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B、缺氧诱导因子-1等信号通路。结论：桔梗可能通过抗炎、抗氧化应激、促血管舒张及抑制平滑肌细胞增殖等机制发挥治疗PH的作用。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨真人养脏汤对溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制

目的：基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨真人养脏汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的作用机制。方法：通过TCMSP数据库检索人参、当归、白术、肉豆蔻、肉桂、白芍、木香、诃子、罂粟壳的活性成分及靶点;运用DisGeNET数据库筛选出UC的相关靶点;使用Venny 2.1平台筛选共同靶点,导入Cytoscape 3.8.0软件构建真人养脏汤成分-靶点网络可视化关系图,筛选出核心成分;依据STRING数据库得到共同靶点的蛋白互作网络,筛选出核心靶点;采用DAVID 6.7数据库对共同靶点进行基因本体（GO）功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析;同时将筛选得到的核心成分和核心靶点进行分子对接验证。结果：筛选出真人养脏汤治疗UC的核心成分为山柰酚、谷甾醇、豆甾醇、可待因、碎叶紫堇碱、蓝堇碱;核心靶点为蛋白激酶（AKT1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGFA）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、肿瘤蛋白 p53（TP53）;信号通路主要涉及TNF、低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)、Toll样受体（TLR）等,分子对接显示核心成分和核心靶点具有较强的结合能力。结论：本研究初步揭示了真人养脏汤治疗UC的作用机制,为后续研究提供思路与依据。