铝土矿脱硅微生物的定向筛选及脱硅性能

利用铝硅酸盐矿物为能源的硅酸盐细菌选择性分离培养基,对从鄱阳湖地区不同性质土壤中筛选出了 18 株拟溶硅菌 种进行实验。通过对其产酸、产多糖、形成细菌-矿物复合体与溶硅能力的测定,定向筛选出P04与P17两株环状芽孢杆菌, 并以中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心环状芽孢杆菌 CGMCC1.0153(编号为 P19)(Bacillus circulans)为参照菌株,对其表型形态、 生理生化特性及脱硅效果进行了研究。结果表明:与其它菌种比较,这两株菌种具有较强的产酸、产多糖与溶硅能力,在 培养基中能形成明显的细菌-矿物复合体;通过与模式菌株的表型形态与生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因鉴定结果比较,可 认为 P04 与 P17 是环状芽孢杆菌;在实验条件下,P04,P17 与 P19 对铝土矿均有一定的脱硅能力,浸矿 12d 后,浸出上清液 中SiO2最大含量分别为54.26,42.78,47.98 mg/L,铝土矿的A/S从浸出前的5.17分别提高到10.99,7.61和8.90。表明具有 较强产酸、产多糖能力并能形成明显细菌 - 矿物复合体的环状芽孢杆菌的脱硅能力较强。     

2010年汛期多模式对山东降水预报的检验

为提高数值预报模式在山东汛期降水的预报能力,为降水预报及模式物理参数方案选择和调整提供客观依据,对2010年汛期（6-9月）山东区域MM5、WRF-RUC（WRF快速循环同化系统）和T639模式24 h、48 h累积降水预报产品,进行晴雨、一般性降水和分量级降水TS评分及平均绝对误差、平均误差分析。结果表明：从晴雨预报准确率来看,3种模式相差不大;一般性降水和小雨预报,MM5模式评分结果最差,T639模式预报效果最好;中雨以上量级,24 h降水T639模式预报效果最好,特别是24 h大暴雨评分T639模式达到了10.37 %,而48 h降水T639模式预报效果下降明显。无论24 h降水还是48 h降水,除9月WRF-RUC模式平均绝对误差最小外,6-8月T639模式平均绝对误差均为最低,WRF-RUC模式24 h和48 h降水各月平均误差均为负偏差;不同的降水预报检验方案和天气过程类型对检验结果有一定的影响。     

Geochemistry of organic carbon and nitrogen in surface sediments of coastal Bohai Bay inferred from their ratios and stable isotopic signatures

Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and their δ(13)C and δ(15)N values were determined for 42 surface sediments from coastal Bohai Bay in order to determine the concentration and identify the source of organic matter. The sampling sites covered both the marine region of coastal Bohai Bay and the major rivers it connects with. More abundant TOC and TN in sediments from rivers than from the marine region reflect the situation that most of the terrestrial organic matter is deposited before it meets the sea. The spatial variation in δ(13)C and δ(15)N signatures implies that the input of organic matter from anthropogenic activities has a more significant influence on its distribution than that from natural processes. Taking the area as a whole, surface sediments in the marine region of coastal Bohai Bay are dominated by marine derived organic carbon, which on average accounts for 62±11% of TOC.     

Incorporation of in situ exposure and biomarkers response in clams Ruditapes philippinarum for assessment of metal pollution in coastal areas from the Maluan Bay of China

The clams Ruditapes philippinarum were used to assess the impact of metal contaminants when transplanted to seven study sites along the Maluan Bay (China). Metal concentrations in digestive gland tissues of clams after 7-day in situ cage exposure were determined in conjunction with antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed the importance of specific antioxidant biomarkers to assess complex pollutant mixtures and their good correlations to the pollutant compositions of deployment sites. Multivariate analysis indicated causal relationship between the chemicals at each study site and the biochemical "response" of the caged clams at these sites and demonstrated the potential presence of two different contaminant sources. This study suggested that the incorporation of tissue residue analysis with biomarkers response in caged clams together with factor analysis can be a useful biomonitoring tool for the identification of causal toxic pollutants and the assessment of complex metal pollutions in marine coastal environment.     

对24种大气成分的热红外天底观测

热红外天底探测仪是观测诸如水汽、二氧化碳和臭氧等大气组分总柱含量或垂直剖面的理想仪器。低于5cm-1光谱分辨率的高分辨率探测仪能够分辨痕量气体细微的光谱特征。在第一台高光谱探测仪IRIS出现的40年后,现在几款改进了仪器特性的仪器已经在轨运行。本文评述了应用热红外天底探测仪观测痕量气体,重点在于红外大气探测干涉仪(IASI)的新近观测。文章介绍了14种非常活泼的痕量气体的典型观测。从天底视角观测气体讲,一些组分属首次报道,包括亚硝酸、呋喃、乙炔、丙基烯、乙酸、甲醛和氰化氢;这些组分是在2009年2月澳大利亚丛林大火的火积云中观测到的。由于能够观测这些大量活性的痕量气体,所以我们关于源排放及其对环境和气候方面影响的知识可能会加深。     

2010年10月25日明打威海啸地震（Mw7．8）和浅层巨大逆冲断裂引起的海啸灾害

2010年10月25日印度尼西亚明打威地震（Mw7.8）,致使苏门答腊近海明打威群岛向海一侧的俯）中带浅部发生破裂,在巴盖群岛西南的沿海地带引发了3～9m高的海啸,并夺去了至少431人的生命。对有限断层震源破裂特征的远震P波、SH波及瑞雷波的分析说明,在倾角为10。的巨大逆）中断层上破裂过程持续了大约90s,破裂速度相对较低,约为1．5km／s,在约为100km长的震源区总滑动量约为2～4m。根据地震矩所计算的能量释放为1．4×10^-6,小于2006年7月17日爪哇海啸地震（Mw7．8）的能量释放量2．4×1^-6。明打威地震致使2007年9月12日群岛地震（MW7．9）的滑动区上倾部位发生破裂,结合沿岛弧锡默卢岛西北方向近海的1907年1月4日（M7．6）海啸地震,说明印度尼西亚和其他地方发生特大俯冲地震的上倾地区的浅层逆冲破裂,特别容易引发海啸灾害。     

Sedimentary Precambrian deposits in southwestern Transbaikalia (Siberia): phytoliths content, lateral correlations and geodynamics

The Baikal Group is one of the most important stratigraphic units in the geology of East Siberia (Upper Riphean). This paper focuses on litological-facies features based on the analysis of organic remains (stromatolites, microphitolites and microfossils), in order to better precise the age and environmental deposit conditions of the Baikal Group. The results are used to draw a correlation between all the Precambrian of deposits of the South of East Siberia. The stratigraphy of the Baikal Group is then compared to the geodynamic evolution of this region, characterized by the break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia and subsequent opening of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Stratigraphic analogs to the Baikal Group display in most areas deposits of various minerals (complex ores, phosphoresces, bauxites etc. have been dated of the same age), so the present study would also provides an economic interest.     

川东北宣汉-达县地区构造应力场对裂缝的控制

川东北宣汉-达县地区晚白垩世受到南东方向的挤压作用,始新世晚期-渐新世早期受到北东方向的挤压作用,两期构造活动导致宣汉-达县地区下三叠统飞仙关组碳酸盐岩中形成构造裂缝,对油气藏开发产生较大的影响。在考虑岩层与岩层之间相互影响的基础上,结合共轭节理和机械双晶的分析结果,利用三维有限元分析技术,计算宣汉-达县地区飞仙关组古构造应力大小,获得了两期古构造应力场的分布特征。通过岩石破裂阈值的限定,对普光、毛坝区块构造裂缝（张裂缝和剪裂缝）的发育区域进行预测,依据综合破裂率对岩层破裂强度进行评价,为提高裂缝钻遇率,降低勘探开发风险提供了科学的地质依据。      

A comparison of integrated and discrete depth sampling for monitoring toxic species of Dinophysis

Dinophysis acuminata and Dinophysis acuta produce lipophilic toxins that cause most shellfish harvesting closures in the Atlantic coastal waters of Europe. Dinophysis often exhibit patchy distributions and sampling with conventional methods may fail to detect them. A 6-month calibration study in 2006, plus an additional sampling in 2010 were carried out in Galicia to compare Dinophysis counts obtained from weekly high vertical resolution bottle samples with depth-integrated hose samples. Counts with these two methods were comparable at some depth-ranges, but hose maxima were over one order of magnitude lower under thin-layer scenarios. Estimates from hose samplers should be used with caution in programmes using a "Dinophysis index", either to trigger shellfish sampling or to establish precautionary harvesting closures. In general, hose samplers provide reliable information on the occurrence of Dinophysis except under extreme site-specific hydrodynamic conditions. This study adds new information about the heterogeneous, specific vertical distributions of two Dinophysis spp.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HEAD-CUT WITH A TWO-LAYERED BED

1INTRODUCTION The rate of gully erosion is dominated by the upstream migration of existing nick-points called headcut.Due to the shape of the headcut,the flow from the upstream channel impinges into the pool of the scour hole and forms a complex three-dimensional flow structure.The turbulent flow deepens the scour hole,transports the eroded material downstream,undercuts the headcut wall and creates gravitational slumping of the gully head material.In reality,the occurrence of a head cut i…