Historical contamination and sources of organochlorine pesticides in sediment cores from Quanzhou Bay, Southeast China

Three sediment cores were collected from the top to the mouth of Quanzhou Bay, Southeast China, in order to establish sources and historical trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the region. The spatial distribution of OCPs in surface sediments implies that Quanzhou Bay received the contamination inputs not only from rivers near the shore, but also from outside the bay. The variation profiles of concentrations clearly showed that OCPs were widely used between 1960s and 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend was found in all cores despite their ban in China in 1983. Different ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDTs indicated that DDTs at the top of the bay were mainly derived from long-term weather soils, while DDTs near the mouth of the bay were mainly derived from fresh inputs from outside the bay. Higher percentage of gamma-HCH in HCHs deposited after 1990 implies that lindane may have been used recently around Quanzhou Bay.     

An investigation into intersex amphipods and a possible association with aquaculture

The amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus, is common in sheltered coastal inlets, such as estuaries and sea lochs, in Scotland and exhibits increased levels of intersex in some contaminated areas. Sea lochs are commonly the location for coastal aquaculture development, and some chemicals used in fish-farming are specifically designed to target the crustacean nervous system. Therefore it was hypothesised that these chemicals may also affect neuro-endocrine pathways, causing morphological and reproductive abnormalities in non-target Crustacea. Based upon this hypothesis, Echinogammarus marinus amphipods from two different Scottish sea lochs containing salmon farms were investigated. Morphology, intersexuality, and the incidence of microsporidian parasites were recorded at sites close and at distance from fish-farms. Results suggest a higher incidence of intersexuality at sites within sea lochs, comparable to that observed in industrially contaminated sites elsewhere in Scotland. The data suggest that fish farming activity may influence the observed distributions of intersexuality within lochs. Intersex specimens were more likely to be infected by microsporidian parasites than non-intersex specimens. Normal females were found more likely to be infected by microsporidian parasites at sites associated with high intersexuality, suggesting the parasite as the probable feminiser. The cause(s) for the observed patterns of intersexuality are unclear, although suggestions relating to discharges from fish farms are discussed.     

Copper complexation by fulvic acid affects copper toxicity to the larvae of the polychaete Hydroides elegans

Copper toxicity is influenced by a variety of environmental factors including dissolved organic matter (DOM). We examined the complexation of copper by fulvic acid (FA), one of the major components of DOM, by measuring the decline in labile copper by anodic stripping voltammetrically (ASV). The data were described using a one-site ligand binding model, with a ligand concentration of 0.19micromol site mg(-1) C, and a logK' of 6.2. The model was used to predict labile copper concentration in a bioassay designed to quantify the extent to which Cu-FA complexation affected copper toxicity to the larvae of marine polychaete Hydroides elegans. The toxicity data, when expressed as labile copper concentration causing abnormal development, were independent of FA concentration and could be modeled as a logistic function, with a 48-h EC(50) of 58.9microgl(-1). However, when the data were expressed as a function of total copper concentration, the toxicity was dependent on FA concentration, with a 48-h EC(50) ranging from 55.6microgl(-1) in the no-FA control to 137.4microgl(-1) in the 20mgl(-1) FA treatment. Thus, FA was protective against copper toxicity to the larvae, and such an effect was caused by the reduction in labile copper due to Cu-FA complexation. Our results demonstrate the potential of ASV as a useful tool for predicting metal toxicity to the larvae in coastal environment where DOM plays an important role in complexing metal ions.     

内天山孕震区地壳流体状态的大气及宇宙因素影响研究(外文)

内天山孕震区地壳流体状态的大气及宇宙因素影响研究(外文)@A.Y.阿不都拉耶夫$哈萨克斯坦共和国科学和高等教育部地震研究所!阿拉木图480060@苏乃秦     

Near Real－Time Calculation of Ionospheric Electric Fields and Currents Using GEDAS

This paper presents the recent progress in our project of estimating near real-time electric fields and currents in the ionosphere through our computer system called the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS). We show a new technique in which data from ground magnetometers are collected by the system and used as input for the KRM and AMIE programs to calculate the distribution of ionospheric electric fields and currents, as well as of other ionospheric parameters, such as electric potential patterns. One of the goals of this project is to specify ionospheric processes. Examples of the near real-time calculation and the data flow of our scheme are presented.     

登陆热带气旋引发云南强降水的环境场特征

应用《西北太平洋热带气旋年鉴检索系统》资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及云南降水资料,对1959-2007年热带气旋(以下简称TC)西行登陆引发的云南强降水过程进行了分类统计,得到4类TC强降水环流模型,分别是TC低压环流型、TC低压外围或倒槽型、TC低压与低槽冷空气相互作用型和TC与两高辐合相互作用型.环境场特征显示,100 hPa南亚高压中心位置在90°E以西,高空东风急流提供了强大的辐散场,低空西南季风气流与TC环流相连接,高低层涡度差呈负值区分布,使TC低压环流在陆上维持或强度减弱缓慢;西南季风气流中的低空急流、副热带高压外围及TC低压东部的偏南急流共同作用,向云南输送充沛的水汽和能量,是登陆TC强降水产生的重要天气系统配置形势;强降水分布在低空急流左侧,TC低压或倒槽西北侧的正涡度中心附近;冷空气南下进入云南,增加了大气斜压不稳定,使TC外围降水增强.     

冬季欧亚型遥相关候时间尺度异常特征及其对我国天气的影响

本文利用NCEP/NCAR全球逐日再分析资料,确定了冬季欧亚（EU）型遥相关逐候指数持续性异常的标准,继而分析了EU指数持续性异常的特征,探讨了对应时段的环流特征及其对我国冬季天气的影响。统计结果表明：1957—2010年的54个冬季共发生了26次异常过程;正、负异常过程各有三个高发时段分别为12月、1月第2—5候、2月第4候至3月第1候,以及12月第4—5候、1月前3候、2月第3候至3月第1候。选取200、850 hPa分别代表高低层大气,对异常过程合成分析后发现：指数异常时,高低层大气具有强的EU型特征;我国大部分地区的气温受EU指数异常影响,差异显著;黄河中下游、长江中下游及东南局部地区的降水差异显著;正异常过程中,受西伯利亚高压加强的影响,我国对流层低层盛行偏北风,温度普遍偏低,降水偏少;负异常过程相反。     

New Hormaphididae (Hemiptera, Aphidomorpha) from the Baltic Amber and its Palaeogeographic Significance

The present study describes a new genus and species Unicohormaphis sorini, which belongs to the subfamily Cerataphidinae. The contemporary distribution of aphids belonging to the Hormaphididae family is summarized and analyzed. According to the obtained data, the climate warming in Eocene was conducive to the expansion of the family over the areas of Europe. Subsequent climate changes, resulting from epeirogenic and orogenic movements towards the end of Eocene, led to a considerable cooling and drying of climate in the northern hemisphere. These processes contributed to the shrinking down of areas covered by subtropical forests, which constituted the habitat of Hormaphididae (Cerataphidinae). Retaining their way of life, the Cerataphidinae were forced to limit their distribution, and the representatives of the family in Europe became completely extinct.     

扬子地块西侧米仓山基底卷入式冲断带的结构分析

米仓山基底卷入的巨型背斜带位于扬子地块的西北侧,西与龙门山薄皮冲断体系斜列状错位连接,东与大巴山弧形薄皮冲断带相互叠加,北侧为南秦岭造山带与扬子地块之间重要的大地构造界线——勉略缝合带。作为与周围大地构造和变形特征完全不同的构造样式,其结构的精细分析非常重要,本文利用现代构造地质学的几何解析技术对于这一特殊的基底背斜进行了研究。通过3条大型综合剖面的建立,本文对该巨型背斜的形成及空间分布进行了研究,探索性的解决米仓山背斜所卷入层序、层序的分布和彼此的接触关系问题;解决控制褶皱形成的断层分布、卷入深度、几何特点和彼此的交接关系问题;解决变形分析的构造样式问题和褶皱形成的平衡恢复问题。     

南大巴山冲断褶皱带区域构造大剖面的构建和结构分析

大巴山冲断带的结构复杂,在平面上城口-房县断裂将其分为北、南大巴山冲断褶皱带,北大巴山被认为是南秦岭造山带和扬子地块之间的拼合带,南大巴山代表了典型的前陆冲断褶皱带的特点。本文主要针对南大巴山冲断带进行构造解析。研究指出,南大巴山冲断带剖面上具有多层次和多期次滑脱变形的特点:浅层次的滑脱面为下三叠统嘉陵江组灰岩中的石膏层,卷入的层序为其后的中生界;深层次滑脱体系为沿着震旦系页岩和嘉陵江组膏盐层两个滑动面之间活动形成的冲断变形。完成了切过南大巴山不同构造部位的3条多资料约束的综合地质剖面,以此详细解析了冲断带深浅层次的冲断结构及分布规律,在平衡恢复的基础上,分析了该冲断带的几何结构和运动过程,确定了大巴山和川东两个不同构造单元的空间对接关系,提出南大巴山冲断带为一多层次、空间上强烈收缩的复杂薄皮冲断体系。