南大巴山冲断褶皱带区域构造大剖面的构建和结构分析

大巴山冲断带的结构复杂,在平面上城口-房县断裂将其分为北、南大巴山冲断褶皱带,北大巴山被认为是南秦岭造山带和扬子地块之间的拼合带,南大巴山代表了典型的前陆冲断褶皱带的特点。本文主要针对南大巴山冲断带进行构造解析。研究指出,南大巴山冲断带剖面上具有多层次和多期次滑脱变形的特点:浅层次的滑脱面为下三叠统嘉陵江组灰岩中的石膏层,卷入的层序为其后的中生界;深层次滑脱体系为沿着震旦系页岩和嘉陵江组膏盐层两个滑动面之间活动形成的冲断变形。完成了切过南大巴山不同构造部位的3条多资料约束的综合地质剖面,以此详细解析了冲断带深浅层次的冲断结构及分布规律,在平衡恢复的基础上,分析了该冲断带的几何结构和运动过程,确定了大巴山和川东两个不同构造单元的空间对接关系,提出南大巴山冲断带为一多层次、空间上强烈收缩的复杂薄皮冲断体系。     

新疆北山地区坡十镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩石学特征及其对成矿作用的指示

新疆北山地区的坡十镁铁-超镁铁岩体在钻孔剖面上主要由辉长岩、纯橄岩和二辉橄榄岩组成,各岩相在矿物含量上具有渐变过渡的关系,主要组成矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石和尖晶石的化学成分显示系统的变化,而底部的二辉橄榄岩中的矿物成分具有“边缘反转”现象.这些特征表明坡十岩体的形成主要受结晶分异作用控制,亦有明显的壳源混染痕迹.以反应边形式出现在辉石边部的角闪石的出现,尖晶石的分解现象,以及角闪石和金云母化学成分剖面上的系统变化揭示该岩体经历了堆晶后自上而下程度减弱的蚀变反应.在早期结晶的矿物相(橄榄石和尖晶石)中发现有硫化物颗粒或细脉产出,表明在岩浆演化的早期阶段确实发生了硫化物熔离的现象.硫化物总与含水矿物(金云母)或蚀变矿物(角闪石和蛇纹石)相伴生的特点显示铜镍硫化物的形成和沉淀不仅与壳源混染有关,而且也与堆晶后的蚀变反应密切相关.     

Geophysical monitoring and reactive transport modeling of ureolytically-driven calcium carbonate precipitation

Ureolytically-driven calcium carbonate precipitation is the basis for a promising in-situ remediation method for sequestration of divalent radionuclide and trace metal ions. It has also been proposed for use in geotechnical engineering for soil strengthening applications. Monitoring the occurrence, spatial distribution, and temporal evolution of calcium carbonate precipitation in the subsurface is critical for evaluating the performance of this technology and for developing the predictive models needed for engineering application. In this study, we conducted laboratory column experiments using natural sediment and groundwater to evaluate the utility of geophysical (complex resistivity and seismic) sensing methods, dynamic synchrotron x-ray computed tomography (micro-CT), and reactive transport modeling for tracking ureolytically-driven calcium carbonate precipitation processes under site relevant conditions. Reactive transport modeling with TOUGHREACT successfully simulated the changes of the major chemical components during urea hydrolysis. Even at the relatively low level of urea hydrolysis observed in the experiments, the simulations predicted an enhanced calcium carbonate precipitation rate that was 3-4 times greater than the baseline level. Reactive transport modeling results, geophysical monitoring data and micro-CT imaging correlated well with reaction processes validated by geochemical data. In particular, increases in ionic strength of the pore fluid during urea hydrolysis predicted by geochemical modeling were successfully captured by electrical conductivity measurements and confirmed by geochemical data. The low level of urea hydrolysis and calcium carbonate precipitation suggested by the model and geochemical data was corroborated by minor changes in seismic P-wave velocity measurements and micro-CT imaging; the latter provided direct evidence of sparsely distributed calcium carbonate precipitation. Ion exchange processes promoted through NH4+ production during urea hydrolysis were incorporated in the model and captured critical changes in the major metal species. The electrical phase increases were potentially due to ion exchange processes that modified charge structure at mineral/water interfaces. Our study revealed the potential of geophysical monitoring for geochemical changes during urea hydrolysis and the advantages of combining multiple approaches to understand complex biogeochemical processes in the subsurface.     

深基坑“T”型地下连续墙应力监测分析

根据上海某工程深基坑“T”型截面地下连续墙安全监测数据,修正温度变化对振弦式钢筋计应力测值的影响,通过计算分析地连墙不同截面的应力规律并计算对应的弯矩及轴力值,得出了一些结论和建议,对类似工程有一定借鉴作用。     

地震多属性预测技术在南黄海二叠系至三叠系沉积分析中的应用

以往对南黄海盆地沉积相分析主要根据地震剖面的振幅、相位和频率进行地震相划分,再结合测井资料得到沉积相分布,而地震属性除了以上3种属性外,还包含着多种与沉积相有关的属性,以往对沉积相的分析未能充分利用这些地震属性信息.目前,南黄海盆地钻井资料较少,充分利用地震多属性信息对南黄海盆地三叠系下统青龙组—二叠系上统龙潭组、大隆...     

江鳕仔鱼幼体发育及生长研究

通过对江鳕仔鱼幼体发育及生长的研究探索江鳕全人工养殖仔鱼幼体的发育生长规律,本实验培育水温为自然温度,随机抽取并固定一缸仔鱼作为研究对象,每隔24h取30条仔鱼解剖镜下观察其发育情况,用显微测微尺对其体长进行测量,结果表明:江鳕仔鱼的体长增长缓慢,具有阶段性,并且不是匀速的,生长期与生长停止期交替.得出了江鳕仔鱼体长和...     

Source and profile of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish in Daya Bay, South China Sea

Changes in cell density and cyst flux of Alexandrium tamarense, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin contents in shellfishes, and environmental parameters were measured in two stations in Daya Bay, South China Sea from March 2005 to July 2006. Vegetative cells of A. tamarense occurred sporadically; however, they presented abundantly during the winter months. Meanwhile, cyst flux reached its maximum level just following the peak abundance of motile cells. The PSP contents in shellfish were generally low, but higher in winter with the maximum of 14,015 μg STX equiv./kg. The majority of toxins were found in digestive glands, with a maximum of 66,227 μg STX equiv./kg. There were significant positive relationships between toxin level and vegetative cell density and cyst flux. This indicates that vegetative cells and cysts of Alexandrium significantly influenced PSP level, and could be an important source of PSP toxins in shellfish during winter.     

Interannual variation of rare earth element abundances in corals from northern coast of the South China Sea and its relation with sea-level change and human activities

Here we present interannual rare earth element (REE) records spanning the last two decades of the 20th century in two living Porites corals, collected from Longwan Bay, close to the estuarine zones off Wanquan River of Hainan Island and Hong Kong off the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province in the northern South China Sea. The results show that both coral REE contents (0.5-40 ng g?1 in Longwan Bay and 2-250 ng g?1 in Hong Kong for La-Lu) are characterized with a declining trend, which are significantly negative correlated with regional sea-level rise (9.4 mm a?1) from 1981 to 1996 in Longwan Bay, 13.7 mm a?1 from 1991 to 2001 in Hong Kong). The REE features are proposed to be resulted from seawater intrusion into the estuaries in response to contemporary sea-level rise. However, the tendency for the coral Er/Nd time series at Hong Kong site is absent and there is no significant relation between Er/Nd and total REEs as found for the coral at Longwan Bay site. The observations are likely attributed to changes of the water discharge and sediment load of Pearl River, which have been significantly affected by intense human activities, such as the construction of dams/reservoirs and riverbed sediment mining, in past decades. The riverine sediment load/discharge ratio of the Pearl River decreased sharply with a rate of 0.02 kg m?3 a?1, which could make significant contribution to the declining trend of coral REE. We propose that coastal corals in Longwan Bay and similar unexplored sites with little influences of river discharge and anthropogenic disruption are ideal candidates to investigate the influence of sea-level change on seawater/coral REE.     

1961-2005年新疆区域分级雨日(量)的气候特征

利用新疆区域108个常规气象观测站的逐日降雨资料对新疆区域1961-2005年分级雨日(量)的气候特征进行研究.按日雨量的大小分成4个等级:小雨(0.1～6.0 mm)、中雨(6.1～12.0 mm)、大雨(12.1～24.0 mm)和暴雨(≥24.1 mm),有效雨日(量)为上面4个等级雨日(量)的总和.结果发现:新...     

鄱阳湖湿地管理现状及对策分析

近年来鄱阳湖湿地利用与保护取得了一定的发展和成效,但随着鄱阳湖生态经济区建设不断深入,湿地利用与保护依然面临着诸多问题。为了维护湿地系统生态平衡、保护湿地功能和湿地生物多样性,实现湿地资源的可持续利用,坚持生态优先、做到适度利用、统一行政执法、加强科技创新、推进公众参与等是非常重要的应对策略。