白云凹陷断裂作为天然气运移通道的地质-地球化学证据

通过对白云凹陷区域地质特征分析,并依据天然气的气体成分和甲烷与乙烷的碳同位素关系,对天然气的母源进行分析。结果表明,本区天然气的母质类型主要为II—III有机质生源。对坡折带断层活动的时限进行分析,发现白云凹陷的断裂活动可分为I—IV4个区,每个区的断裂活动均有差异。从I区到IV区,断裂活动依次减弱。番禺低隆起反向断层东西向和南北向活动性存在差异:第三排反向断层活动性强于第二排、第四排又强于第三排。反向断层的主活动期对油气的垂向运移具有重要控制作用,而结束期对油气的封堵圈闭有重要意义。依据录井天然气的同位素特征和流体包裹体的分析证实了断裂是本区天然气垂向运移的主要通道,断层的活动与罐装岩屑录井气地球化学特征完全一致。PY34-1-1断层活动微弱,热成因气没有运移到浅层,说明该区天然气的运移主要发生在深层T5层。LH19-1-1在T4—T5、T2层均发生了天然气的运移,甚至在1000m的浅层,也发现了甲烷碳同位素很重(-30‰)的热成因甲烷。这说明在LH19-1-1区块,热成因气已经运移到浅层。与此同时,流体包裹体均一化温度的直方图与罐装岩屑录井气中的非常吻合,断层活动越强,包裹体均一化温度的峰值越多,这同样表明天然气的垂向运移和分布主要受断裂的活动控制。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗北部阿登锡勒大队一带早石炭世高分异I型花岗岩的发现及地质意义

本文对内蒙古苏尼特左旗北部阿登锡勒大队一带二长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,年龄为335.9±1.3Ma。岩石地球化学具有高硅、富碱,贫TFe O、Mg O特征,铝饱和指数A/CNK介于1.03~1.15之间,TFe O/Mg O=6.58~10.13。稀土总量偏低,轻稀土分馏程度相对较高,重稀土不分馏,δEu=0.25~0.69。大离子亲石元素Rb、Th等相对富集,高场强元素Sr、P、Ti表现为强烈亏损,而元素Nb、Ta则表现为相对亏损。属弱过铝质高分异I型花岗岩,形成于俯冲构造环境。通过区域对比分析,与近两年在二连浩特—东乌珠穆沁旗地区新发现的早石炭世二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩、安山岩、英安岩共同构成了早石炭世贺根山洋盆向北俯冲形成的早石炭世岩浆弧。     

南黄海低信噪比地震资料处理技术探索

随着南黄海海相碳酸盐岩油气地震调查的展开,提高海相碳酸盐岩目标层低信噪比地震资料的成像品质,已成为地震处理工作的主要任务。在充分分析了地震地质条件和原始资料特征的基础上,总结了成像处理存在的主要问题,探索了针对性处理技术流程并进行了攻关试验工作,建立了以叠前综合多域噪声压制、多次波联合衰减、大偏移距各向异性动校正、各向异性叠前时间偏移等关键技术方法组成的处理流程。资料处理结果表明,地震剖面的成像精度显著提高,各种地质现象反射特征突出,有效地提高资料解释的准确性。     

第三代搜索引擎研究

搜索引擎是从互联网获取信息不可或缺的工具．第一代搜索引擎的特征是目录式搜索,以雅虎为代表;第二代搜索引擎的特征是关键字搜索,以Ｇｏｏｇｌｅ为代表．随着时代发展,信息急速膨胀,第二代搜索引擎已经逐渐不能满足人们的需求;于是,人们开始期待第三代搜索引擎的到来．什么是第三代搜索引擎？这个问题目前还没有结论．分析了与这个问题相关的有代表性的观点和尝试,并提出了ＳｅａｒｃｈＥｎｇｉｎｅＳｅｒｖｉｃｅ（搜索引敬服务）的概念,认为它是第三代搜索引擎不可缺少的组成部分．     

孟加拉湾季风活动与云南5月降雨量

利用1958-1997年NCEP再分析高低层经纬向风分量、比湿场资料以及云南32个测站降水资料，通过相关分析等方法，从风场演变和水汽输送等方面分析了孟加拉湾季风活动及其与云南初夏降水变化的关系。结果表明：与阿拉伯海和南海相比，孟加拉湾低层纬向西风出现时间最早，盛夏期间的峰型结构与南海西风的峰型结构极为相似，出现双峰型。盂加拉湾季风爆发平均日期在5月3候，是亚洲季风区爆发最早的季风之一，比南海季风爆发的平均日期(5月4候)早1候。孟加拉湾季风活动与云南初夏降水有一定关系，季风爆发偏晚，云南5月降雨量偏少；而当季风爆发偏早或正常，云南5月降雨量的多少主要与中低纬度地区冷空气的活动有关。     

藏东南草地下垫面地气通量交换日变化的数值模拟

利用2013年5月21日至7月9日藏东南地区草地下垫面的边界层观测数据,分别从典型晴天和长时间平均的角度,评估了中尺度模式WRF对藏东南草地下垫面在南亚季风爆发前后的感热、潜热、地表土壤热通量和地表辐射平衡各分量日变化的模拟能力,对比分析了模拟结果与边界层观测数据的异同点。对典型晴天少云状况的个例模拟和整个时段的平均结果分析均表明,模式对感热通量和潜热通量的日变化具有较好的模拟能力,感热比潜热的模拟效果好,在夜间感热和潜热的模拟效果好,而白天感热和潜热的模拟值大于观测值。典型晴天天气下的向下短波辐射和净辐射的模拟值与观测值基本一致,而向上短波辐射的模拟值在白天大于观测值。长时间平均的向下短波辐射、向上短波辐射和净辐射的模拟值在夜间也与观测数据基本一致,但在白天模拟值比观测值明显偏大。晴天个例和长时间模拟的向下长波辐射和向上长波辐射的模拟值在日循环整个过程中较观测值均偏小。长时间模拟的地表土壤热通量在早上和晚上低于观测值,而在白天高于观测值。虽然平均的结果分析和晴天个例的结果是类似的,但由于晴天个例没有降水过程的干扰,因此晴天天气状态下的分析结果更能一致地反映出这一地区的日变化特征。     

藏东南地区草地下垫面湍流通量和辐射平衡各分量的变化特征

利用2013年5月20日至7月9日藏东南林芝地区草地下垫面的野外试验站点观测资料,分析了晴雨转换过程中林芝地区草地下垫面的近地层基本气象要素、湍流通量和辐射平衡各分量的变化特征,并着重分析了各个变量之间的相互关系,对比分析它们在典型晴天和阴天条件下的差异。结果表明:(1)草地观测站的各气象要素的变化趋势相互吻合,即相对湿度与降水有着一致的变化趋势,而气温、地面温度和风速均与降水的变化相反;观测期间草地站的潜热交换大于感热交换,在无降水时期,感热明显偏高,潜热偏低,降水时期则相反;感热与向下短波辐射的变化趋势一致,同时,向上短波辐射、向上长波辐射、净辐射、地表反照率和土壤热通量均与向下短波辐射保持同步的变化关系,而向下长波辐射则呈现出相反的变化。(2)典型晴天和阴天的分析结果表明,晴天条件下各变量的日变化均比阴天条件下剧烈,在白天,感热和潜热在典型晴天的值均大于典型阴天天气下的值,除向下长波辐射外,其他地表辐射分量在晴天条件下的值远大于阴天的值;在夜间,晴天的向上长波辐射、净辐射和土壤热通量小于阴天的值。(3)相对湿度最大值出现在早晨,最低值出现在午后;风速的最小值出现在早晨,最大值出现在中午,且基本上都是晴天天气下大于阴天天气下。因此,藏东南林芝地区草地下垫面的感热、潜热、土壤热通量、辐射平衡各分量、基本气象要素均与晴、雨的转化有着非常密切的协同变化关系,这些变量之间相关系数高,吻合度好,表明了该边界层观测数据的可靠性,该观测试验数据可为数值模式在藏东南林芝地区地气交换过程的模拟提供重要的数据基础。     

Livestock wastewater treatment by a mangrove pot-cultivation system and the effect of salinity on the nutrient removal efficiency

The present investigation compared the capacity of greenhouse pot-cultivation systems under two salinity conditions (freshwater and saline water) with two mangrove species (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel) to remove nutrients from livestock wastewater. During the whole treatment period there were relatively stable leachate TOC concentrations for wastewater-treated pots. Leachate NH4(+)-N concentration of B. gymnorrhiza pots was generally lower than that of K. candel pots. Leachate PO4(3-)-P concentration of pots receiving wastewater under freshwater condition was higher than that under saline water condition. Soil inorganic N content was more than two times higher for the wastewater treatments than that for the controls under low salinity condition and slower rate of increase under saline water condition. Soil P nutrients of both total and extractable inorganic forms significantly increased for both systems due to the discharges of livestock wastewater under both salinity conditions. The rate of increase in P contents for plants receiving livestock wastewater was 1-4 times that of the controls, much more than that in N contents (0.04-1.30 times). N nutrient removal efficiencies were 84.3% (65.6% by soil and 18.7% by plant) and 95.5% (32.2% by soil and 63.4% by plant), respectively by Kandelia candel and B. gymnorrhiza pot-cultivation systems under freshwater condition. Under saline water condition, N nutrient removal efficiencies by K. candel and B. gymnorrhiza pot-cultivation systems were 92.7% (80.7% by soil and 12.0% by plant) and 98.0% (67.6% by soil and 30.3% by plant), respectively. P nutrient removal efficiencies by K. candel and B. gymnorrhiza systems under freshwater condition were 79.2% (76.6% by soil and 2.6% by plant) and 91.8% (88.2% by soil and 3.6% by plant), respectively. The corresponding values were 88.0% (84.2% by soil and 3.8% by plant) and 97.8% (95.9% by soil and 1.9% by plant) under saline water condition.     

DDT, PAH and PCB in sediments from the intertidal zone of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

Current contents of persistent organic contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the congeners (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e)pyrene), DDTs and metabolites in the intertidal sediments of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea were studied. The mean levels of DDTs, PAHs and PCBs were 177.52, 877.2 and 3.4 ng g-1 dry weight, respectively. The spatial trends of the contaminant residue levels were analysed too.     

Distribution and mass inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the south Bohai Sea, China

Recent occurrence, distribution and mass inventories of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) proposed by USEPA in the south Bohai Sea (BS) were studied based on the analytical data of 71 surface sediment samples. The concentrations of 16 PAHs varied from 37 to 537 ng g⁻¹ (dry weight). A clear difference was observed between the coastal Bohai Bay (CBB) and its adjacent BS (ABS) in the distribution and compositions of PAHs. The petrogenic source of phenanthrene in CBB was attributable to the industrial wastewater, fugitive fuel leakages from ships and offshore oil production. Four to six ring PAHs were predominantly from the coal and wood combustions in the whole area. The estimated PAH input to the south BS (43,000 km², 56% of BS in area) was 36.6 ton yr⁻¹, indicating that the study area was one of the important reservoirs of PAHs in world.