山区乡村房屋模型洪水冲击试验研究

洪水对山区乡村房屋冲击作用的试验研究成果,可为山区乡村房屋的抗洪设计和抗洪能力评价提供依据。试验主要研究到溃口不同距离处的乡村房屋所受的洪水冲击作用。采用3种开洞率模型进行试验,研究洪水在不同距离、不同开洞率的情况下对房屋结构的冲击荷载分布、冲击力大小以及冲击弯矩的影响,得出了荷载分布规律和冲击力、冲击弯矩的变化规律。研究结果表明,迎水面冲击荷载沿水平方向的变化无明显规律,沿竖直方向随着高度的增大而逐渐减小;冲击力随着房屋到溃口距离的增大而增大,而开洞率对其影响不明显;冲击弯矩、冲击作用力随着距离的增大而增大,随着开洞率的增大而减小。     

Pre- and post-1998 ENSO records of shallow-water octocorals (Alcyonacea) in the Chagos Archipelago

When compared, principal octocorals collected in the Chagos Archipelago before and after the 1998 ENSO shared many common taxa. While a few discontinuities in their biodiversity revealed subtle changes in more persistent genera (Lobophytum, Sarcophyton), some fast-growing “fugitive” genera (e.g. Cespitularia, Efflatounaria, Heteroxenia) disappeared after the ENSO-related coral bleaching. Such transient fugitives might thus be eliminated from soft coral communities on isolated reef systems, possibly in the long term, by events of this nature. The appearance of Carijoa riseii, a species often considered a fouling organism, even an invasive, may well be indicative of reef degradation during the ENSO event. The post-ENSO recovery manifested by this fauna nevertheless gives cause for hope for their survival in the face of climate change.     

高光谱遥感影像端元提取方法对比

本文在SMACC法和PPI法端元提取基础上,得到高光谱遥感影像端元丰度图,之后用SVM法进行分类。通过分类结果精度来评价端元提取的优劣。实验结果表明,基于PPI的线性混合像元分解得到的丰度图用SVM分类效果最佳,分类的整体精度达87.59%,而基于SMACC法结合SVM分类的效果和直接应用SVM分类次之,分类的整体精度分别是83.84%和85.16%。     

扬子块体与华北块体在海区的接触关系——来自上下源、长排列多道地震剖面的新认识

在新一轮南黄海区域地质地震调查工作中,针对地震地质条件和勘探目标,设计了新的地震资料采集技术方案——上下源延迟激发+长排列接收,获得了强反射界面之下的深部地层有效反射,揭示了千里岩断裂两侧分布着向南逆冲的构造推覆带.结合重力、磁力反演成果认为,千里岩隆起区为扬子块体与华北块体碰撞接触带,扬子块体向北运动与华北块体碰撞后楔入到华北块体之中.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气储盖特征及其控气作用

煤层气储盖组合在一定程度上控制煤层气的保存条件。依据煤层顶(底)板的封盖能力,将鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气储盖组合划分为4种类型。优势储盖组合主要发育于保德-临县地区太原组泻湖、潮坪相带以及大宁-吉县地区山西组滨浅湖相带,对煤层气的封盖能力强。次优势储盖组合主要发育于保德-河曲地区太原组、石楼-三交地区山西组以及韩城-合阳地区三角洲前缘相带,对煤层气的封盖能力较强。一般储盖组合主要发育于三交-吉县地区太原组浅海陆棚相带、保德-临县地区山西组三角洲平原、河流泛滥盆地相带,对煤层气的封盖能力较弱。不利储盖组合主要发育于河曲以北山西组辫状河上游、冲积扇相带,对煤层气的封盖能力差;煤层气储盖组合类型在一定程度上控制煤储层含气量分布,是煤储层含气性预测的重要参考依据。      

Adaptation of real earthquake records for their reproduction by a shaking table with limited stroke

Shaking tables with moving platforms are widely used in laboratory testing of structural models and full-sized devices. In most cases, the platform’s movement should reproduce real ground acceleration records. However, the stroke of the platform, required for reproduction of real records, is usually rather large. This limitation does not allow an accurate realization of the ground motion by the shaking table. Commonly, in order to overcome this problem, original records are modified, which causes a signific...     

“江苏苏州鸡笼山铅锌银矿普查”成果通过审查

由江苏省地质调查研究院承担的“江苏苏州鸡笼山铅锌银矿普查”项目日前通过评审,提交的333类铅锌矿石量、锌铁矿石量以及磁铁矿石量分别为3．12万t、52．12万t以及2．65万t,矿石累计57．89万t。其中伴生有铜、银、锡、铋、镓、镉等多金属,并且具有一定资源前景。     

Adsorption of tributyltin by tributyltin resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. cells

The isolate, Pesudoalteromonas sp. TBT1, could grow to overcome the toxicity of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) up to 30 microM in the absence of Cl(-) in the medium until the cells reached an exponential phase of growth. The viability, however, was reduced after the cells reached a stationary phase. The degradation products, such as dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were not detected in the growth medium, indicating that the isolate has no ability to degrade TBT into less toxic DBT and MBT. Up to about 10(7.5) TBT molecules were adsorbed by a single cell. The observation of morphological changes with an electron microscope showed that the cell surface became wrinkled after exposure to the lethal concentration of 10 mM TBTCl. These results indicate that the resistance of the isolate toward the toxicity of TBTCl is not related to the unique cell surface, which seems to play an important role in preventing the diffusion of TBTCl into the cytoplasm.     

Effects of heavy oil in the developing spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus

It is well known that heavy oil (HO) on the sea surface causes serious problems in the aquatic environment. In particular, some species of teleosts which develop on the sea surface are thought to be affected by the HO which flows out from tankers or coastal industry. However, the toxicological effects of HO are not fully understood. We performed exposure experiments using the Pleuronectiformean fish, spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus), which is an important fishery resource in Japan. In course of the development, HO-exposed embryos showed remarkable delay in developmental processes including somite formation. We further observed abnormal development of the head morphology. Notably, treated embryos had relatively small eyes and craniofacial structures. These findings strongly suggest that HO seriously affects the cell proliferation and differentiation of the embryo. In addition, HO-exposed embryos showed abnormal neuronal development. We also performed the exposure in the larval stage. Treatment of post-hatching larvae with HO resulted in significantly greater mortality compared with controls. Through these observations, we finally conclude that HO is strongly toxic to halibut in their early life stages.     

Preliminary health risk assessment for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans in seafood from Guangzhou and Zhoushan, China

Dietary intake is one of the important routes of human exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The use of PBDEs may also result in exposure to polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs/DFs), as these compounds are impurities in technical mixtures of BFRs and can also be formed unintentionally by the same processes that generate chlorinated dioxins. This study determined the concentrations of polybrominated compounds in common seafood in Guangzhou and Zhoushan, and assessed the health risks of these chemicals via consumption of contaminated seafood. Seafood samples (fish, bivalves, shrimp, crab, and cephalopods) purchased from local markets in 2003 and 2004 were analyzed for PBDEs and PBDDs/DFs. The highest concentration of total PBDEs (46.3 ng g(-1) lipid wt.) was detected in fish from Guangzhou, in which BDEs 47 and 209 were the two predominant congeners. The total daily intakes of PBDEs, PBDDs, and PBDFs were, 946, 6.39, and 6.54 pg kg(-1) body weight (bw) in Guangzhou, and 489, 4.99, and 7.65 pg kg(-1) bw in Zhoushan, respectively. The hazard ratios for PBDDs and PBDFs were both greater than unity, indicating that these compounds may pose some health risks to the local population.