建议在我国统一使用全球通用的正式年代地层单位——埃迪卡拉系（纪）

震旦系（纪）的涵义屡屡变更,争论不断,出现过许多问题。系名Sinian（震旦系）和系的“层型剖面”都是在选取“末元古系”的正式名称和“金钉子”的国际竞争中没有得到多数国际学者支持的候选名称和候选剖面。我国最新正式修订的“震旦系（纪）”与全球年代地层（地质年代）单位埃迪卡拉系（纪）的概念完全相当。系一级的全球单位一旦正式...     

地球化学块体法在滇中层控型铜矿资源评价中的应用

以滇中地区1∶20万水系沉积物区域化探扫面资料为基础,应用地球化学块体理论与方法,对研究区内Cu地球化学块体特征及层控型铜矿资源特征进行了系统分析。共圈出5个地球化学块体、10个面积相对较小的地球化学亚块体,并根据区域成矿地质背景划分为2个Cu地球化学分区。以1km矿床勘探深度为准则,计算各(亚)块体的铜金属供应量及铜矿产资源量,预测全区潜在铜矿资源总量为586.1万t。通过追踪地球化学块体谱系,揭示了元素在地球化学块体中逐步浓集成矿的轨迹,并结合区域控矿要素,确定了11个层控型铜矿成矿远景区,其中以3-1,3-2,10-1-1-1-1-1,10-1-1-2-1-1,10-1-1-2-1-2子块体的成矿潜力较大。     

微电极高密度电法探测在文物保护中的应用研究

高密度电法探测是一种分辨率较高的物探方法,这里结合石质文物表层劣化程度检测及石窟渗水构造探测研究,介绍了微电极高密度电法探测系统的精细成像原理及物理模型试验结果.在山西云冈石窟文物近表层和洛阳龙门石窟潜溪寺地表,进行了微电极高密度电法探测.经测试结果表明,微电极高密度电法探测系统,能有效地评价文物近表面微构造(裂隙)发育、含水情况和划分风化带,说明微电极高密度电法探测系统在文物监测、保护领域能发挥重要的作用.     

钢筋混凝土梁正截面率相关特性分析

根据混凝土单轴动力特性试验,对规范给出的混凝土应力—应变关系表达式进行了修正,引入了应变率的影响,并利用修正的表达式对钢筋混凝土梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率进行了数值分析。分析考虑2种情况：①只考虑混凝土的动态特性;②既考虑混凝土的动态特性,也考虑钢筋的动态特性。结果表明,对于适筋梁,混凝土的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率的影响很小,但是钢筋的动态特性的影响比较大;而对于超筋梁,混凝土的动态特性和钢筋的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率都有显著影响。     

三轴压缩条件下单裂隙岩石的破坏特性研究

通过在高强硅粉砂浆材料模型中预制特定倾角和特定尺寸的单裂隙,以常规三轴压缩试验为手段,研究单裂隙试样的破坏特性。试验中观察到3类典型的裂纹,即拉伸型裂纹（Ⅰ型）、滑移型裂纹（Ⅱ型）和撕开型裂纹（Ⅲ型）,其中Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型裂纹在三维试验中普遍存在,Ⅰ型裂纹仅在部分试件中观察到;三轴压缩条件下试样的破裂模式有3种,即拉剪复合破坏、“X”型的剪切破坏和沿裂隙面的剪切破坏。试验结果表明：三轴压缩条件下的单裂隙试样的裂隙扩展规律与预制裂隙关系密切,围压是试样宏观破裂模式的主要影响因素,预制裂隙长度主要影响裂隙扩展的规模,预制裂隙倾角则是新裂隙起裂的诱因。     

岩心核磁共振测量数据处理方法在北黄海东部坳陷中的应用

岩心核磁共振测井技术具有测量结果准确、对岩石结构无损害的优势,在油田勘探开发中应用越来越广泛。针对北黄海东部坳陷中、新生代有岩心核磁共振的资料进行解谱处理方法研究,确定了预处理、解谱和地层参数求取方法与流程,实现了岩心核磁共振资料解谱处理。根据最优解谱方法得到有效孔隙度、可动流体孔隙度、束缚水孔隙度和渗透率等地层参数。     

气象信息实时监视系统改进设计与实现

分析气象信息实时监视系统的实现方法和不足,充分利用数据库索引、视图、预处理和数据结构优化技术,采用JQuery与Spring框架对系统进行重新设计与实现,提升系统的响应速度和增加用户体验效果。通过在实际业务中使用证明,该系统响应速度、兼容性和使用便捷性都得到提高,并给实际业务带来了很好的效益,大大减少资料监视的工作量,加强了气象信息收发业务保障的自动化能力。     

Towards sustainable groundwater use: setting long-term goals, backcasting, and managing adaptively

The sustainability of crucial earth resources, such as groundwater, is a critical issue. We consider groundwater sustainability a value-driven process of intra- and intergenerational equity that balances the environment, society, and economy. Synthesizing hydrogeological science and current sustainability concepts, we emphasize three sustainability approaches: setting multigenerational sustainability goals, backcasting, and managing adaptively. As most aquifer problems are long-term problems, we propose that multigenerational goals (50 to 100 years) for water quantity and quality that acknowledge the connections between groundwater, surface water, and ecosystems be set for many aquifers. The goals should be set by a watershed- or aquifer-based community in an inclusive and participatory manner. Policies for shorter time horizons should be developed by backcasting, and measures implemented through adaptive management to achieve the long-term goals. Two case histories illustrate the importance and complexity of a multigenerational perspective and adaptive management. These approaches could transform aquifer depletion and contamination to more sustainable groundwater use, providing groundwater for current and future generations while protecting ecological integrity and resilience.     

Approximate solutions for radial travel time and capture zone in unconfined aquifers

Radial time-of-travel (TOT) capture zones have been evaluated for unconfined aquifers with and without recharge. The solutions of travel time for unconfined aquifers are rather complex and have been replaced with much simpler approximate solutions without significant loss of accuracy in most practical cases. The current "volumetric method" for calculating the radius of a TOT capture zone assumes no recharge and a constant aquifer thickness. It was found that for unconfined aquifers without recharge, the volumetric method leads to a smaller and less protective wellhead protection zone when ignoring drawdowns. However, if the saturated thickness near the well is used in the volumetric method a larger more protective TOT capture zone is obtained. The same is true when the volumetric method is used in the presence of recharge. However, for that case it leads to unreasonableness over the prediction of a TOT capture zone of 5 years or more.     

Improved water quality in response to pollution control measures at Masan Bay, Korea

The total pollution load management system (TPLMS) was first applied in 2007 to the highly developed Masan Bay watershed, Korea. To evaluate the effect of TPLMS on water quality improvement, we analyzed the water qualities in rivers and bay during 2005-2010, targeting chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loads. Land-based pollutant loading all decreased during this period, with a significant reduction in COD and SS loads (p<0.01). The COD reduction in seawater, following the TPLMS implementation, was also significant (p<0.01). Time-lagged responses in COD and Chl-a supported an estimated seawater residence time of ~1 month. Land-based nutrient loads were also significantly reduced for TN (p<0.01) and TP (p<0.05), however, significant reductions were not observed in the bay, indicating potential alternative nutrient inputs from non-point sources into the bay system.