Viral diseases of olive flounder in Korean hatcheries

In order to elucidate the state of diseases, especially viral diseases, and to prevent viral diseases from occurring in olive flounder hatcheries, a range of studies, including epidemiological study, were performed from 1997 to 2003. The location of the hatcheries investigated includes several representative sites in the east （Kangnung, Uljin, Pohang, Yangsan, Ulsan, Pusan）, south （Wando, Changheung, Goheung, Yeosu, Namhae, Tongyeong, Geoje, Jeju） and west （Seosan, Kunsan, Gochang, Yeongkwang, Mokpo, Chindo） costal areas of the Korea Peninsula. A total of 2000 cases have been examined in 7 years, in which mortality caused by viral agents accounts for 22%, or 446 cases. Mortalities associated with viral infection considerably increased from 14% in 1997 to 27% in 2003. A variety of viral diseases were observed, and the occurrences of viral epidermal hyperplasia, viral ascites and viral deformity, viral nervous necrosis, and hirame rhabdoviral disease are 14%, 51%, 25%, and 8% respectively. By investigating the viral infection of broodstock flounder, the infection rate of marine birnavirus （MABV） in hatcheries was identified to be approximately 30%, therefore, it is highly necessary to acquire and keep non-infected broodstock fishes.     

Dynamical analysis of mesoscale eddy-induced ocean internal waves using linear theories

This study aims to explore generation mechanisms of the ocean internal wave using the dynamical analysis methods based on linear theories. Historical cruise measurements and recent synthetic aperture radar （SAR） observations of mesoscale eddies with diameter of several tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers show that the internal wave packets with wavelength of hundreds of meters to kilometer exist inside the mesoscale eddies. This coexistence phenomenon and inherent links between the two different scale processes are revealed in the solutions of governing equations and boundary conditions for the internal wave disturbance with a horizontally slowly variable amplitude in a cylindrical coordinate system. The theoretical solutions indicate that the instability of eddy current field provides the dynamical mechanism to internal wave generation. The derived dispersion relation indicates that the internal wave propagation is modified by the eddy current field structure. The energy equation of the internal waves clearly shows the internal wave energy increment comes from the eddy. The theoretical models are used to explain the observation of the mesoscale eddy-induced internal waves off the Norwegian coast. The two-dimensional waveform solution of the anticyclonic eddy-induced internal wave packet appears as ring-shaped curves, which contains the typical features of eddy stream lines. The comparison of theoretical solutions to the structure of the internal wave packets on SAR image shows a good agreement on the major features.     

Applying the Hidden Markov Model to Analyze Urban Mobility Patterns: An Interdisciplinary Approach

With the emergence of the Internet of Things(IoT), there has been a proliferation of urban studies using big data. Yet, another type of urban research innovations that involve interdisciplinary thinking and methods remains underdeveloped. This paper represents an attempt to adopt a Hidden Markov Model(HMM) toolbox developed in Computer Science for the analysis of eye movement patterns in Psychology to answer urban mobility questions in Geography. The main idea is that both people’s eye movements...     

波浪作用下含气海床内盾构隧道水力及位移响应分析EI北大核心

海底沉积物中气体通常以不连续的气相存在于海床土体中,既有理论研究较少考虑含气海床环境,波浪动压力引起的渗透力导致隧道衬砌附加变形也较少见之于文献。首先,通过Biot固结方程获得了气-水混合流控制方程,结合适用于浅水区的Stokes二阶非线性波浪理论获得了隧道衬砌周围的孔隙水压响应;其次,采用叠加法分别考虑了由波浪引起的海床土体内振荡孔压和累积孔压,并以衬砌周围可能出现的最大孔隙水压及渗透力作为最不利荷载工况,结合指数衰减模型描述衬砌劣化效应,获得了考虑波浪渗透力作用下隧道衬砌服役期间位移变化规律;最后,通过试验监测数据及数值模拟验证了本研究理论解析的准确性,通过对波浪周期、水深,海床剪切模量、海床含气量,隧道半径、埋深、衬砌劣化系数进行分析。结果表明:海床含气量增大能降低波浪压力向海床内部传播,并减弱超静孔压的累积效应;随着海床含气量逐渐增大,隧道衬砌周围孔压极值不断减小且出现相位滞后,隧道外渗透力、衬砌径向位移均随着海床含气量增加而明显降低;波浪周期增大、海水深度降低均能明显使海床表面的波浪压力增大,诱发隧道衬砌周围产生较大的渗透力,从而发生较大径向位移,小半径、浅埋深能够有效降低累积孔压造成的渗透力影响;当衬砌劣化系数相同时,含气量越低的海床内波浪引起的超静孔隙水压影响越显著,衬砌产生较大径向位移,不利于隧道的正常服役。     

A Giant Gold System, Geita Greenstone Belt, Tanzania

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