日本九州南部石狩第四纪火山岩中高品位浅成低温热液脉状金矿床

石狩金银矿床位于日本九州鹿儿岛东北部,该矿床于1981年发现,地质及物探工作起了重要作用。经开采证实石狩矿床是太平洋西部的一个重金矿床。从1985年7月～1988年12月,总计开采了21.7t的金和14.3t的银,在本湖(Honko)矿带,估测矿石储量为1.4×10~6t(平均品位70g/t即98t金);在最近发现的山田(Yamada)矿带,估测矿石储量为2×10~6t(平均品位20～25g/t)。本矿区基底岩石是白垩系四万十(日本最清澈的一条河即Shimanto)超群沉积岩,覆盖层为第四纪火山岩。金矿床为石英—冰长石脉型,其中伴有金银矿、硒银矿—辉硒银矿、深红银矿和蒙脱石等。为了确定金的矿化时代,测定了含矿冰长石的K—Ar年龄为更新世(0.84±0.07～1.01±0.08Ma);气液包裹体研究表明基底岩中金的沉淀温度是210℃。其上覆火山岩中金的沉淀温度小于200℃;石英脉中δ~(18)O变化范围为8.8‰～6.8‰。高品位金矿化作用直接与绿泥石化和绢云母化作用有关。在石狩脉系上部50～100m处,有一个层状粘土矿物和石英—蒙脱石蚀变带。该蚀变带围饶矿化中心分布,形成近水平的强烈泥岩化层。蚀变带的外面由方石英—蒙脱石和一些未蚀变岩石所组成。由重力测量确定近地表构造,由重力高确定基底岩块隆起,施拉贝格(Schlumberger)电测深,有效地估计了基底埋藏深度和确认了电阻率的结构。而电阻率和激发极化测量,又指出了与矿化作用有关的热液蚀变带的分布。土壤中Hg、CO_2、Rn的地球化学测量,有效地追踪了断裂构造带。高品位的金矿化区位于本湖区的沉积岩和火山岩的不整合面上。高品位金的矿化作用由两个方面造成的。一方面,当高温热液上升,由于沸腾导致金的沉泛;另一方面,在不整合面附近,上升的地下高温热液与地下水相遇,使成矿热液温度迅速降低和发生氧化作用,有利于金的进一步沉淀。     

Large scale perturbations in extratropical atmosphere—Part I: On rossby waves

This study reexamines the propagation mechanism and geostrophic property of the classical two-dimensional Rossby waves in a non-divergent barotropic atmosphere. It will be found that propagation of large scale atmospheric waves depends crucially on horizontal divergence. A small Rossby number in Rossby waves is not sufficient for the waves to have a small ageostrophic component, because the two-dimensional classical Rossby waves do not manifest the geostrophic balance as good as observed in the atmosphere.     

地质扫描公司的AMSS MKI数据在澳大利亚昆士兰某地的岩性填图中的应用

在澳大利亚昆士兰州的Ravenswood地区,已经用地质扫描公司的机载多波段扫描仪(MKI)进行过岩性填图。由于地面的标定目标物具有不均匀性,因而,不能用将DN值与地面反射率值联系起来的线性回归法。相反,对数剩余值法(Green及Craig,1985)在将三个SWIR波段的DN值转换为一组数值(这些数值的波段间模式与地面反射率值的相似)时取得了成功。通过对这三个SWIR波段的“标定”值的线性组合,计算出了“明矾石指数”和“方解石指数”,用位于VNIR波长区的3波段和4波段数据生成了“垂直植被指数”图像,三个SWIR波段的HSI彩色变换是另外一种直观表示波段内响应模式的技术。用上述的技术都成功地圈出了区内的花岗闪长岩体中的绿帘石带和绢云母带。     

Extended Impact of Cold Air Invasions in East Asia in Response to a Warm South China Sea and Philippine Sea

During boreal winter, the invasion of cold air can lead to remarkable temperature drops in East Asia which can result in serious socioeconomic impacts. Here, we find that the intensity of strong synoptic cold days in the East China Sea and Indochina Peninsula are increasing. The enhanced synoptic cold days in these two regions are attributed to surface warming over the South China Sea and Philippine Sea(SCSPS). The oceanic forcing of the SCSPS on the synoptic cold days in the two regions is veri...     

Technological risk regulation of the subgrade base stability in permafrost areas

Maintenance and risk estimation of a weak roadbed condition during the construction period are described.Risk-management procedure for unstable,weak soils is proposed through adjusting the technological loads and real-time monitoring of their influence.The efficiency of implementing maximum allowable vibroloads and the drainage system for strengthening weak soils is shown in the example of the Northern Latitudinal Railway area.     

Evaluation of Estrogenic Activity and Measurement of EDCs in Wastewater ~ll＇eatlnent Plants

Correlations between estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio in wastewater treatment processes were investigated to propose a simple, reliable and comprehensive indicator for the presence of estrogenic substances. Contrary to this, when short-term bioassays such as the E-SCREEN, receptor binding and reporter gene expression assays are used for detecting estrogenic activity in the wastewater sample, they require a long time, at least a few days. The major factors contributing to the estrogenic activity were found to be 17β-estradiol （E2） and estrone （El）. A good relationship between the DOC/ UV260 ratio and the concentration of estrogens （El and E2） in the effluent of the activated sludge process was found： the E2 concentration increased as the DOC/UV260 ratio increased while the E1 concentration decreased. The relative estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio showed a good correlation （R^2 = 0.84） for all sewage samples except the ozonized samples in the sewage treatment plants. This study shows that the estrogenic compounds are hard to be mineralized by the conventional biological processes. Advanced oxidation processes are required to further remove estrogenic substances in the secondary effluent. By analysis of DOC and UV260, the estrogenic activity in the wastewater can be rapidly estimated.     

On Verification of the New Criterion of Adiabaticity by Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Propagation through the Polar Front

To assess the adiabaticity of acoustic propagation in the ocean is very important for acoustic field calculation(forward problem) and tomographic retrieving (inverse problem). A new criterion of adiabaticity is proposed recently (Shang et al., 2001). In this paper, numerical simulation has been conducted for acoustic propagation through the Polar Front to verify the new criterion. Numerical results on the f (frequency) -rn (mode number) plan demonstrate that the new criterion works very well for this extremely non-gradual ocean structure.     

降雨影响下基坑开挖施工对邻近基桩变形响应分析

目前关于基坑开挖对邻近基桩变形响应的简化理论解研究,还较少考虑基坑开挖中支护作用的影响,尤其是没有考虑降雨环境带来的土工影响。基于一种适用于不同降雨工况的分层假定Green-Ampt模型来模拟降雨入渗过程,采用两阶段分析方法,研究了降雨影响下基坑开挖与邻近基桩相互作用的问题。首先,考虑基坑开挖土体卸荷、围护结构及支撑结构的影响,采用Mindlin基本解,分析降雨影响下基坑开挖施工导致邻近基桩位置的土体附加应力;然后,基于Pasternak双参数地基模型,探讨基桩与土体之间的相互作用,求得降雨影响下单桩和群桩随降雨历时变化的水平变形响应。通过工程监测数据与理论计算结果进行对比,获得了较好的一致性。此外,也针对降雨敏感参数（降雨强度、饱和渗透系数、初始含水率、基质吸力）与基桩敏感参数（边界条件、支撑刚度、桩径、开挖深度、桩与基坑间距）进行了影响因素分析。分析结果表明,所提出的理论方法可较好地反映降雨影响下基坑开挖施工对邻近基桩的变形响应;降雨对邻近基桩变形影响显著,降雨参数敏感程度依次为：降雨强度>初始含水率>饱和渗透系数>基质吸力;随着降雨历时的增长,湿润层发展深度不断...     

Status and Trends in Research on Deep-Water Gravity Flow Deposits

Deep-water gravity flows are one of the most important sediment transport mechanisms on Earth. After 60 years of study,significant achievements have been made in terms of classification schemes,genetic mechanisms,and depositional models of deep-water gravity flows. The research history of deep-water gravity flows can be divided into five stages: incipience of turbidity current theory; formation of turbidity current theory; development of deep-water gravity flow theory; improvement and perfection of deep-water gravity flow theory; and comprehensive development of deep-water gravity flow theory. Currently,three primary classification schemes based on the sediment support mechanism,the rheology and transportation process,and the integration of sediment support mechanisms,rheology,sedimentary characteristics,and flow state are commonly used.Different types of deep-water gravity flow events form different types of gravity flow deposits. Sediment slump retransportation mainly forms muddy debris flows,sandy debris flows,and surge-like turbidity currents. Resuspension of deposits by storms leads to quasi-steady hyperpycnal turbidity currents(hyperpycnal flows). Sustainable sediment supplies mainly generate muddy debris flows,sandy debris flows,and hyperpycnal flows. Deep-water fans,which are commonly controlled by debris flows and hyperpycnal flows,are triggered by sustainable sediment supply; in contrast,deep-water slope sedimentary deposits consist mainly of debris flows that are triggered by the retransportation of sediment slumps and deep-water fine-grained sedimentary deposits are derived primarily from finegrained hyperpycnal flows that are triggered by the resuspension of storm deposits. Harmonization of classification schemes,transformation between different types of gravity flow deposit,and monitoring and reproduction of the sedimentary processes of deep-water gravity flows as well as a source-to-sink approach to document the evolution and deposition of deep-water gravity flows are the most important research aspects for future studies of deep-water gravity flows study in the future.