Abundance of general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea and their adaptation to temperature

1　IntroductionInthedeepseawithawatertemperaturelowerthan5℃andtheseabottom ,theor ganicmattersareoxidizedmainlybytheaerobicbacteria (BenderandHeggie 1 984;Her bert 1 986) ,whichmeansthattheaerobicbacteriainthisenvironmentareratherabun dant.Thearcticseaareaisanareawhereenvironmentispermanentlycold ,butsomere searchresults (Sahmetal.1 998)indicatethattherearedominantbacteria eubacteriainthearcticseawaterandsediment,andtheiradaptationtotemperaturehasnosubstantialdifferenceincomparisonwiththatof…     

Research and Application of Cosmic-ray Fast Neutron Method to Measure Soil Moisture in the Field

It is very difficult to measure large region soil moisture. In recent years, measurement of surface soil moisture by the cosmic ray fast neutron probe has gradually attracted more attention. By this passive, non-invasive and intermediate scale measurement, soil moisture at a horizontal scale of around 300 m can be observed, which makes this method available to fill the gap between little scale of traditional point measurement and large scale of remote sensing in the measurement of soil moisture. In this paper, Cosmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) were used to observe field soil moisture in Zhangye Oasis. The results of the COSMOS soil moisture well reflected the variation trend of soil moisture at the field scale. There were some regular changes with the cosmic ray soil moisture during the irrigation period. Combined with irrigation data in cosmic-ray probe footprint, a bimodal change was showed in the cosmic-ray soil moisture figure during irrigation period. This was because that the order of irrigation of the three communities was different in cosmic-ray probe footprint. WSN data were used to validate this result and we found that root-mean-square error between cosmic-ray soil moisture and SoilNET average soil moisture was very large during irrigation periods because of the impact of cosmic-ray measurement theory. While root-mean-square error would decrease from 0.037 m³/m³ to 0.028 m³/m³ after we eliminated the data in irrigation period. So COSMOS can be used to measure field soil moisture under high heterogeneity condition and provide truly ground data for the validation of remote sensing     

硫磷混酸溶矿测定矿样中铝、铬方法研究

硫磷混酸溶矿分解,ICP-AES同时测定不同样品中铝、铬含量.样品分解完全,操作简便,检测快速,结果稳定,准确度高.铝、铬的检出限分别为0.0042μg/ml、0.0036 μg/ml,RSD分别为0.33％、1.33％,回收率在97.8％～104％之间.     

与地幔柱有关的成矿作用及其主控因素

地幔柱是地球动力系统中重要的组成部分,不仅形成规模巨大的大火成岩省,也形成了众多具有重要经济价值的矿床类型。由地幔柱形成不同的岩浆系列显示了特有的成矿专属性,如镁铁-超镁铁质层状岩体与钒钛磁铁矿矿床和铜镍硫化物矿床,科马提岩与铜镍硫化物矿床,斜长岩与钒钛磁铁矿矿床,过碱性花岗岩系列与铌-钽-锆-稀土矿床,金伯利岩与金刚石矿等。在分析与地幔柱相关矿床的基础上,我们认为地幔柱结构、岩浆源区特征、结晶分异过程、硫化物饱和、地壳混染和岩浆侵位过程等是地幔柱成矿的关键控制因素。本文还对矿床成因研究中的存在问题以及几种潜在的地球化学找矿/评价指标(如橄榄石的Ni含量、单斜辉石和磁铁矿中的Cr含量,层状岩体的PGE 含量和Re-Os同位素联合示踪等)进行了评述。     

达里湖冬季环境取样钻探技术研究

以内蒙古达里湖环境取样钻探为例,针对环境科学钻探中精确取样、原位取样、原状取样及钻进效率问题,介绍了钻探器具的选择及优化改进,对活塞式钻具静压法、锤击法和顿钻法进行分析、探讨和评价。根据活塞式钻具钻进、取样特点,综合优选顿钻成孔法与双钻孔交替取样技术。结合施工技术实践应用情况,进一步优化和改进活塞钻具施工技术,确保了取样质量满足地质科研要求,提高了钻进效率,降低了钻探成本。     

华北热灾害链的结构、成因及强震趋势分析

华北地壳热活动强烈,重大自然灾害频发。华北自然灾害具有区域性、群发性、连发性、关联性特征,组成热灾害链。华北热灾害链的典型结构是跨年度干旱-异常路径台风-异常降雨-异常海冰-强震-异常降雨,受控于源于渤海和青藏高原的下地壳不均匀流动形成的 “热河”及其热能有规律地积累与释放,渤海放射状下地壳热流系统与地幔软流圈底辟作用有关。当前华北热灾害链已经有序演变到地震阶段,近5年内在韧性下地壳中6条“热河”的6个撞击区可能发生多个强震,流经辽东湾向北东方向流动的下地壳“热河”撞击区、临汾-太原-大同下地壳“热河”与流经渤海湾-通县-沙河下地壳“热河”的夹击区危险性最大,应当尽快系统监测与热流体有关的地震前兆异常,科学开展地震短临预测。查明华北韧性下地壳中“热河”的三维动态演变,系统梯级开发各条“热河”的热能资源,对于发展经济、减灾减排都具有十分重大的意义。     

3种海洋硅藻不同培养阶段挥发性成分的比较分析

本文应用顶空固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii、小新月菱形藻Nitzschia closterium、角毛藻Chaetoceros calcitrons 3种硅藻的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明,在3种硅藻的培养过程中,其挥发性成分除了壬醛及醇类呈现先增后降的趋势外,大多数不饱和醛类的含量在不断增加,烷烯烃类物质在不断减少,而乙酸乙酯、2-甲基-2-丙酸甲酯这类酯类化合物在角毛藻衰败期会显著富集。通过对代表性饵料硅藻的挥发性成分进行研究,可为海水养殖过程中微藻投喂种类、投喂时机的选择提供理论依据,并为海洋硅藻的进一步开发奠定基础。     

基于多时相Landsat TM/ETM的阿尼玛卿山冰川变化监测

采用遥感及地理信息系统技术,利用多时相Landsat TM/ETM影像和数字高程模型(SRTMDEM),结合中国冰川目录,获得阿尼玛卿山地区不同年份的冰川范围,进行冰川变化监测。综合分析该冰川的变化情况,计算冰川进退变化速率,并对其中4个变化较大的冰川进行详细的分析统计。结果表明:从1991年至2009年,阿尼玛卿山地区既有退缩冰川也有前进冰川,其中冰川退缩面积为15.30km2,前进面积为4.46km2。总体面积持续退缩,其中退缩最大的冰川长度缩短了900m,其它冰川也存在不同程度的变化。     

中美两国全球6级以上地震目录对比分析

中国地震台网中心(CENC)和美国国家地震信息中心(NEIC)提供的全球地震目录经常出现较大偏差.CENC发震时刻较早,CENC震源深度较深.2001年至2010年全球6.0级以上地震约11.67％存在明显目录偏差,印度洋板块北侧集中约70％有各类偏差地震.印度洋板块北侧各项误差统计占全世界同类地震约70％,表现出较好的一致性.这种现象应与震源过程有关,与该地区S波走时异常问题耦合,而不是算法或随机误差造成的.