Vector form Intrinsic Finite Element Method for the Two-Dimensional Analysis of Marine Risers with Large Deformations

Robust numerical models that describe the complex behaviors of risers are needed because these constitute dynamically sensitive systems. This paper presents a simple and efficient algorithm for the nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of marine risers. The proposed approach uses the vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) method, which is based on vector mechanics theory and numerical calculation. In this method, the risers are described by a set of particles directly governed by Newton’s second law and are connected by weightless elements that can only resist internal forces. The method does not require the integration of the stiffness matrix, nor does it need iterations to solve the governing equations. Due to these advantages, the method can easily increase or decrease the element and change the boundary conditions, thus representing an innovative concept of solving nonlinear behaviors, such as large deformation and large displacement. To prove the feasibility of the VFIFE method in the analysis of the risers, rigid and flexible risers belonging to two different categories of marine risers, which usually have differences in modeling and solving methods, are employed in the present study. In the analysis, the plane beam element is adopted in the simulation of interaction forces between the particles and the axial force, shear force, and bending moment are also considered. The results are compared with the conventional finite element method (FEM) and those reported in the related literature. The findings revealed that both the rigid and flexible risers could be modeled in a similar unified analysis model and that the VFIFE method is feasible for solving problems related to the complex behaviors of marine risers.     

1994年中国华南大范围暴雨过程的形成与夏季风活动的研究

利用 1 994年夏季 ECMWF逐日两次的格点资料和日本的 TBB资料 ,结合这一年华南地区 6,7月的站点降水资料 ,诊断分析了 1 994年夏季风 (主要为南海季风 )活动、华南地区的两次特大暴雨过程以及两者之间的关系。结果发现 :这一年的夏季风十分活跃 ,南海夏季风与表征对流活动的 TBB低值带以低频振荡的形式 (周期约为 30～ 60 d)传播到暴雨区 ,与暴雨的发生有着密切的联系 ,强暴雨过程对应着季风的脉动或加强期 ;强劲的季风气流向暴雨区输送水汽 ,其中以南海地区的水汽输送为主 ;两次暴雨过程发生在不同的环流形势下 ,但是都位于较大的水汽辐合和对流不稳定区。     

Multi-Year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model (RegCM_NCC) Part Ⅱ: The Experimental Seasonal Prediction

A nested regional climate model has been experimentally used in the seasonal prediction at the China National Climate Center (NCC) since 2001. The NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63coupled GCM (CGCM) provides the boundary and initial conditions for driving the regional climate model (RegCM_NCC). The latter has a 60-km horizontal resolution and improved physical pararneterization schemes including the mass flux cumulus parameterization scheme, the turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme (TKE) and an improved land process model (LPM). The large-scale terrain features such as the Tibetan Plateau are included in the larger domain to produce the topographic forcing on the rain-producing systems. A sensitivity study of the East Asian climate with regard to the above physical processes has been presented in the first part of the present paper. This is the second part, as a continuation of Part Ⅰ.In order to verify the performance of the nested regional climate model, a ten-year simulation driven by NCEP reanalysis datasets has been made to explore the performance of the East Asian climate simulation and to identify the model's systematic errors. At the same time, comparative simulation experiments for 5 years between the RegCM2 and RegCM_NCC have been done to further understand their differences in simulation performance. Also, a ten-year hindcast (1991-2000) for summer (June-August), the rainy season in China, has been undertaken. The preliminary results have shown that the RegCM_NCC is capable of predicting the major seasonal rain belts. The best predicted regions with high anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) are located in the eastern part of West China, in Northeast China and in North China,where the CGCM has maximum prediction skill as well. This fact may reflect the importance of the largescale forcing. One significant improvement of the prediction derived from RegCM_NCC is the increase of ACC in the Yangtze River valley where the CGCM has a very low, even a negative, ACC. The reason behind this improvement is likely to be related to the more realistic representation of the large-scale terrain features of the Tibetan Plateau. Presumably, many rain-producing systems may be generated over or near the Tibetan Plateau and may then move eastward along the Yangtze River basin steered by upper-level westerly airflow, thus leading to enhancement of rainfalls in the mid and lower basins of the Yangtze River.The real-time experimental predictions for summer in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 by using this nested RegCM_NCC were made. The results are basically reasonable compared with the observations.     

雪模型比较计划-SnowMIP

1概况雪模型比较计划(Snow Model Intercomparison Project,SnowMIP)项目工作组成立于1999年11月,由7人组成科学委员会。其成员Z．L．Yang和C．Fierz归纳了针对不同积雪模型的50个问题(详见http：// www．hwr．arizona．edu/～lian/snow．html),并收集了40多个不同模型的信息。结果表明,几乎所有的模型     

长白山岳桦林化学元素生物地球化学分析

从化学元素生物学和地球化学分类的角度,分析了大量营养元素,必需微量元素,可能必需元素,非必需元素和有毒元素在岳桦体内的含量特征和变化规律,结果表明,大量营养元素在岳桦体内的含量高于其它元素的含量;在新陈代谢旺盛的叶片中各类型元素含量均高于其它器官;化学性质和地球化学性质相近、生物学功能相似的大量营养元素和必需微量元素在岳桦不同器官中的含量变化具有相似的规律;其它三种类型的元素变化无规律可循,表明植     

中国中东部强对流天气的天气形势分类和基本要素配置特征

本文通过对2000年以来中国近百次强对流天气个例的环境场进行分析,并查阅大量文献资料,综合考虑强对流天气形成的热力不稳定、动力抬升和水汽这三个基本条件出发,从强对流的不稳定条件和主要触发条件的角度,提出中国强对流天气5种基本类别:冷平流强迫类、暖平流强迫类、斜压锋生类、准正压类、高架对流类,并给出了基本解释。高空冷平流强迫类的典型特征是500hPa以上的中高层强干冷平流加强并移到边界层内暖性的辐合带中。暖平流强迫类的主要特征则是不稳定发展主要源于低层强烈的暖湿平流。斜压锋生类的特征是中低层冷暖空气强烈交汇产生的深厚对流,即斜压锋生造成的强对流往往表现为高空干冷平流和低空暖湿平流都很强烈。准正压类多发生在夏季副热带高压外侧或内部、温度梯度较弱的地区,流场上的动力强迫和和地面局地受热不均起主要作用。高架对流类的特征是700~500 hPa强的西南急流在边界层内的冷垫上被抬升,不稳定能量是来自700 hPa以上。通过从形成机制的差异性进行分类,有助于更好地把握各种强对流过程中不同的天气特征、系统配置、动力热力特征及其短期潜势分析重点,为进一步提高该类天气的预报预警水平提供更多的技术支持。     

岩溶水文地质环境地质信息管理系统构建与实现

为服务地质调查数据管理需求,基于GIS平台,构建了岩溶地区水文地质环境地质信息管理系统,按标准对调查数据、空间数据进行集成整合,实现了岩溶数据资料信息的数字化、可视化、动态化管理。其系统主要功能模块包括调查数据管理模块、空间数据管理模块、数据核查管理模块、钻孔柱状图管理模块、基础数据管理模块、系统数据管理模块。      

陕西区域成矿规律及其与重大成矿地质事件之关系

陕西横跨三大地质构造单元,曾历经前板块构造、板块构造和陆内造山等三大构造-成矿演化阶段、8个构造-成矿期和8次重大成矿地质事件,形成能源、金属、非金属和水气等四大类135种矿产2000余处矿产地。本文在建立涵盖陕西固体及非固体矿产矿床类型划分方案的基础上,总结了矿产时、空分布规律:时间上具有明显的阶段性,由早到晚分出8个构造-成矿期;空间上具有明显的丛聚性,由北到南划出12个矿集区。矿集区与地质历史时期的重大成矿地质事件密切相关,根据二者的时空关系,划分出单一型、耦合型、叠加型和复合型4种类型矿集区。矿集区的矿产种类、规模大小,一般与其所发生的成矿地质事件的性质和频次有关。叠加型矿集区比单一型矿集区更具找矿潜力。     

通过选种重金属低积累甘蔗品种实现污染农田的生态修复(英文)

为探索重金属中低污染农田的生态、安全利用难题,在广西环江典型的砷、铅复合污染农田上开展了低积累高耐性甘蔗品种的筛选。研究发现:不同甘蔗品种的产量差别较大,桂引9号的蔗茎产量和含糖量在所有7个参试品种中表现最好的,分别达到了每公顷187.5 t 和27 t,比桂糖00-122高出127.0%和86.0%。同时该甘蔗品种蔗汁中的砷、铅含量均低于国标《食品中污染物限量》所规定的限值。因此,在重金属中低污染农田上种植桂引9号能获得较大的蔗茎产量和安全的农产品。这一研究结果将促进华南地区大面积的重金属中低污染农田的生态、安全利用。     

低轨卫星导航增强系统精密星历设计方法研究

在研究GRACE、SWARM等10余颗低轨卫星轨道特性的基础上,对低轨卫星列表型精密星历的采样间隔和内插方法进行分析,并根据用户需求,设计效率优先和精度优先2种精密星历方案。结果显示,低轨卫星轨道高度对采样间隔和内插方法有显著影响,针对3 cm和10 cm轨道精度要求,通过合理设计轨道可将星历文件占用存储空间压缩99%以上。