Comparative analysis of different underlying surfaces using a high-resolution assimilation dataset in semi-arid areas in China

To study the land surface and atmospheric meteorological characteristics of non-uniform underlying surfaces in the semi-arid area of Northeast China, we use a “High-Resolution Assimilation Dataset of the water-energy cycle in China (HRADC)”. The grid points of three different underlying surfaces were selected, and their meteorological elements were averaged for each type (i.e., mixed forest, grassland, and cropland). For 2009, we compared and analyzed the different components of leaf area index (LAI), soil temperature and moisture, surface albedo, precipitation, and surface energy for various underlying surfaces in Northeast China. The results indicated that the LAI of mixed forest and cropland during the summer is greater than 5 m² m^?2 and below 2.5 m² m^?2 for grassland; in the winter and spring seasons, the Green Vegetation Fraction (GVF) is below 30%. The soil temperature and moisture both vary greatly. Throughout the year, the mixed forest is dominated by latent heat evaporation; in grasslands and croplands, the sensible heat flux and the latent heat flux are approximately equal, and the GVF contributed more to latent heat flux than sensible heat flux in the summer. This study compares meteorological characteristics between three different underlying surfaces of the semi-arid area of Northeast China and makes up for the insufficiency of purely using observations for the study. This research is important for understanding the water-energy cycle and transport in the semi-arid area.     

Drying increases organic colloidal mobilization in the karst vadose zone: Evidence from a 15-year cave-monitoring study

Understanding the hydrological processes of colloids within the karst vadose zone is vital to the security of karst groundwater and providing appropriate paleohydrological explanations of colloid-facilitated metals in speleothem. This study addresses the mobilization mechanisms driving colloidal organic matter (COM) transport in the karst vadose zone using a 15-year long monthly monitoring dataset from a cave drip point (HS4) in Heshang Cave, Qingjiang Valley, China. Variations in COM concentrations were reported as the fluorescence difference values of raw and filtered (<0.22 μm) samples at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm and emission wavelength of ~400 nm. A fluorescence humification index (HIX) lower than 0.8 and an autochthonous index (BIX) higher than 1.2 indicated that the origin of COM was mainly from the karst vadose zone, rather than the soil zone. The COM concentration varied from 0.001 to 0.038 Raman Unit (RU), with evident seasonal fluctuations. Rising limbs for COM values occurred prior to rising limbs within a dripwater hydrograph; moreover, the COM peak values corresponding to the beginning of the increasing hydrograph generally suggested that the mobilization of COM reflected the movement of the air–water interface (AWI) in the karst vadose zone rather than rainfall intensity or flow velocity. COM peak values were positively correlated with the antecedent drying duration and negatively correlated with HIX values. These phenomena may be explained by the increased amount of organic matter that was aggregated and absorbed on the surface of carbonate in the karst vadose zone during a longer drying duration. Moreover, the longer drying duration was also beneficial to autochthonous biological activity, which subsequently decreased the HIX value of the organic matter in the karst vadose zone. The movement of AWI and the drying duration are both controlled by the outside weather conditions. This study is therefore conducive to evaluating the security of karst groundwater in response to climate change, and challenges prevailing paleoclimate interpretations of colloid-facilitated metal abundance timeseries reported from speleothems.     

模糊信息处理法在地震预报中的应用

在详细介绍模糊信息分配原理的基础上,结合模糊近似推论及信息集中原理,以地电手段为例,将模糊信息处理法应用于地震的三要素预报,取得了良好的结果。实践证明这种新方法在地震预报的各种手段中均有推广价值,方法本身具有客观、自完善功能,并可用于其它领域的模糊关系处理上。     

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ROTATION OF BINARY TYPHOONS AND STEERING CURRENT

Many studies show that, within a certain distance (ca. 700－800 n mi), two typhoons forming a binary typhoon (BT) system would rotate as a whole and attract each other, which is known as “Fuji-whara Effect” (FE). This paper indicates that only 30.3% of BTs has experienced remarkable cyclonic rotation with a 12-hr angle ≥+10° when two components are less than 20° lat apart, and that the probability is much higher with the eastern, component in the NE than in the SE quadrant for the western one, implying the steering effect of the environmental flow field (EFF) on them.47 observations from 13 BTs are separately used for calculating the angular velocity due to FE and EFF and the results are compared. The conclusion can be stated as follows: FE is dominant with the centers of two elements below 7° lat apart; the EFF steering current plays a major role when they are in the range of 7－15° and for a distance above 15° the principle of FE holds no longer.     

活动性肺结核高分辨CT的影像特点及联合T-SPOT.TB和TB-Ab诊断价值分析

目的:观察活动性肺结核高分辨CT影像学特点及联合T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)和血清结核抗体(TB-Ab)检测的诊断价值.方法:选择2016年1月至2019年7月医院收治的疑诊活动性肺结核198例,入院后均接受高分辨CT检查、T-SPOT.TB及TB-Ab检查,总结活动性肺结核高分辨CT特点及T-SPOT.TB、TB-Ab联合诊断效能.结果:112例确诊活动性肺结核患者中见小叶中心结节、树芽征各92例(82.14％),支气管管壁增厚82例(73.21％),肺实变86例(76.79％),空洞征82例(73.21％),线状影81例(72.32％),液体支气管征81例(72.32％),磨玻璃征64例(57.14％).高分辨CT诊断活动性肺结核敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为77.67％、82.56％和79.80％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为85.29％和73.96％;T-SPOT.TB诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为95.54％、90.70％和93.43％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为93.04％和93.98％;TB-Ab诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为28.57％、82.56％和52.02％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为68.09％和44.10％;联合诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为97.32％、95.35％和96.46％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为96.46％和96.47％.结论:活动性肺结核高分辨CT特异性征象为小叶中心结节、树芽征、支气管管壁增厚、肺实变、空洞征等,有助于其诊断及识别.而T-SPOT.TB对活动性肺结核诊断效能最高,对其无法确诊病例可辅助高分辨CT及TB-Ab检查,提高活动性肺结核检出率.     

青藏高原东北缘地质构造背景及地壳结构研究

利用地质和人工地震测深剖面资料,研究了青藏高原东北缘的地质构造背景、地壳结构和莫霍面形态．主要结果是：① 给出了青藏高原东北缘的大地构造分区和主要深大断裂的特征;② 主要利用人工地震测深资料得到莫霍面的基本特征;③ 地表断裂与莫霍面的某些特征有较好的对应关系,这种复杂的地壳结构可能是强烈地震的孕育环境．     

用ETAS模型分析自贡矿井注水触发地震

为研究自贡地区矿井注水与地震活动性之间的关系,按地震活动规律将注水区ML1.2以上历史地震活动划分为3个阶段,采用POWELL法反演了各阶段ETAS模型参数。结果表明,不存在注水的第1、2阶段背景地震比例约40%～50%,单个地震序列中余震较少。而在注水的第3阶段,由地震自激产生的余震比例较高(93.1%),而背景地震仅占6.9%,比第1、2阶段都要少,这一结果与已有的认识相矛盾。为此,提出单位时间背景地震的发生率,即ETAS模型参数中的μ值,作为判断注水触发地震的依据。计算结果表明,与前两个阶段相比,第3阶段的确拥有最大的μ值,说明注水对该区地震触发有明显影响。     

空中目标探测系统信号处理增益分析

针对利用全球导航卫星反射信号(GNSS-R)进行空中目标探测时,信号微弱无法可靠接收的问题,该文提出了一种计算信号处理增益的方法。通过合理设置信号处理算法参数,保证了对微弱信号的后续处理。首先对GNSS-R信号接收链路进行了分析,计算得到了当目标的雷达散射截面(RCS)变化时对应的目标回波功率范围;然后对空中目标上升、平飞和下降三种飞行状态双基地雷达系统几何模型进行了研究,给出了3种飞行状态下对应的有效探测时间,为接收机后续相干/非相干累加算法的处理时间提供阈值限制;最后在阈值范围内,选定合适相关时间,分析了经过相干/非相干累加处理后的反射信号输出信噪比范围。结果表明:在有效探测时间的限制下,相关处理时间取0.6s时,处理后的信噪比在10dB左右,满足一般码跟踪环所需的门限要求,可以保证接收机后续数据处理的顺利进行。     

红粘土地区水泥土强度的试验研究

红粘土是亚热带气候条件下形成的一种特殊土质。含有红粘土的地基多具有上硬下软的特点,下部红粘土为天然地基软弱下卧层。采用深层搅拌法处理,可充分发挥上部硬塑红粘土的作用,形成复合地基。通过试验得到了水泥红粘土的基本力学参数。在对试验结果进行回归分析后,给出了水泥土强度的影响因素及其与强度的关系,以及不同水泥掺量、龄期水泥土之间的强度推算公式。