海阳阎家河人工泻湖水体交换数值研究

利用二维水动力数学模型模拟海阳人工泻湖潮流运动,并分析了在人工泻湖的西向开通导堤前后泻湖内的潮位变化与水体运动变化过程,据此计算出泻湖内的海水交换率及海水的半更换期。结果表明,在未开通西通道时,泻湖西侧水体的单宽流量在涨急和落急时只有0.66m2/s和0.47m2/s,水体流动缓慢,难以保证泻湖环境生态对水质的需求;当开通西通道时,泻湖内的水体整体运动明显增强,西侧水体的单宽流量在涨急和落急时分别达到1.02m2/s和0.70m2/s,西安路两侧大部分水体能够顺利进行交换,同时泻湖内的水体交换周期也明显缩短,约为2.61d。     

估算干旱区地下水依赖型植物蒸散发的White法评述

日尺度上的地下水位波动是干旱区地下水依赖型植物蒸散消耗地下水的直接证据与指示。White通过分析日尺度地下水位波动与植被蒸散之间的关系,提出了利用地下水位观测数据来计算植被蒸散速率的方法,简称White法。该方法由于计算简单,所需数据少,在干旱区河岸林蒸散定量方面得到了广泛的应用。本文通过系统回顾White法的提出、“四大假设条件”及其在实际应用中的不足,梳理了近年来对White法不断修订的总体思路,总结了各种形式White法的特点、使用条件以及存在的主要问题;在此基础上,提出了White法进一步改进的方向。当前,结合地表蒸散发的多尺度观测与模拟,White法不仅可以用来估算区域尺度地下水蒸散,而且能够为定量解析干旱区植物的水分利用来源提供验证与参考。     

活动性肺结核高分辨CT的影像特点及联合T-SPOT.TB和TB-Ab诊断价值分析

目的:观察活动性肺结核高分辨CT影像学特点及联合T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)和血清结核抗体(TB-Ab)检测的诊断价值.方法:选择2016年1月至2019年7月医院收治的疑诊活动性肺结核198例,入院后均接受高分辨CT检查、T-SPOT.TB及TB-Ab检查,总结活动性肺结核高分辨CT特点及T-SPOT.TB、TB-Ab联合诊断效能.结果:112例确诊活动性肺结核患者中见小叶中心结节、树芽征各92例(82.14％),支气管管壁增厚82例(73.21％),肺实变86例(76.79％),空洞征82例(73.21％),线状影81例(72.32％),液体支气管征81例(72.32％),磨玻璃征64例(57.14％).高分辨CT诊断活动性肺结核敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为77.67％、82.56％和79.80％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为85.29％和73.96％;T-SPOT.TB诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为95.54％、90.70％和93.43％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为93.04％和93.98％;TB-Ab诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为28.57％、82.56％和52.02％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为68.09％和44.10％;联合诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为97.32％、95.35％和96.46％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为96.46％和96.47％.结论:活动性肺结核高分辨CT特异性征象为小叶中心结节、树芽征、支气管管壁增厚、肺实变、空洞征等,有助于其诊断及识别.而T-SPOT.TB对活动性肺结核诊断效能最高,对其无法确诊病例可辅助高分辨CT及TB-Ab检查,提高活动性肺结核检出率.     

国产机载微型InSAR系统的DEM精度分析

针对我国一些多云、多雨地区光学影像获取困难,且国内机载InSAR系统获取DEM精度普遍较低的问题,该文以国产机载微型InSAR系统为依托,首先,对InSAR原理和DEM获取流程进行了分析,着重对运动补偿和基线估计方法进行了归纳分析;其次,使用实验数据对国产机载微型InSAR系统的高程精度进行了验证分析,检查点高程中误差为0.44m,结果表明使用国产机载微型InSAR系统可以获取高精度DEM数据,满足我国测量规范对于丘陵地区1∶5 000成图比例尺地形图的要求;最后,为了进一步提高国产微型InSAR系统的测量精度,对控制点位置、定标器、DEM局部编辑等方面提出了建议。     

Geochemical Reference Samples, Drainage Sediment GSD 1 - 8 from China

A set of eight geochemical standard reference samples of stream sediments was prepared. The original purpose was to use these samples as primary standards for the data quality monitoring of a nation-wide regional geochemical survey program in China. But their use has been soon extended to other fields. Forty-one laboratories in China have joined in a collaborative venture to analyse these samples, using a variety of analytical procedures. Recommended values for over 50 trace and minor elements were derived by a method of repetitive elimination of outliers and calculation of central "tendency" from several central values.     

Geochemical exploration in China

Geochemical exploration in China was commenced in the early 1950's. In 1951, the first experimental work was carried out in Yeshan, and a geochemical exploration section was set up in the Ministry of Geology in 1953.Regional geochemical reconnaissance (metallometric surveying) was initiated in 1956 on a nation-wide scale. Soil samples have been collected, and analyzed by semiquantitative spectrography. The results were heavily biased and were not adequately processed and utilized. Renewed efforts have been made to reprocess the vast amount of data accumulated and to utilize them more fully in mineral exploration.Meanwhile, another nation-wide project of regional geochemistry using more refined techniques is in its preparatory stage. It is the Regional Geochemistry-National Reconnaissance Project. In this project stream sediment sampling with a density of one per km² will be used in China Proper, and low-density sampling of various kinds of media in different environments will be used in remote areas. Pilot surveys covering areas of several thousand square kilometers are being undertaken in several provinces.Beside regional reconnaissance, geochemical prospecting has been carried out at virtually all phases of mineral prospecting in China.A brief summary of current research in exploration geochemistry taken by research institutes and universities is given, including studies on the methodology of regional geochemical surveys, primary halos around various types of ore deposits, mercury vapor survey techniques, refinement of analytical methods and instrumentation, and computerized data processing and plotting techniques.Several case histories are described where geochemical exploration techniques have led to successful ore discoveries in China.     

珠江三角洲潜在生态风险:土壤重金属活化

珠江三角洲典型土壤模拟酸雨提取实验表明，土壤酸缓冲能力为菜园土大于水稻土大于赤红壤。酸化过程早期，铝铁胶体吸附共沉淀导致重金属溶出量增长不明显甚至下降；进一步酸化时，多数元素溶出量与加入酸量呈显著正相关。计算表明，在pH=4．5的酸雨作用下，溶液中Hg、Mn、Pb、Fe(以Fe2O3表示)浓度已超出Ⅱ级地表水标准，Cu、Zn大大高于渔业用水标准。可见，土壤元素活化溶出对水体生态环境有潜在的危害。     

Geochemical mapping in China

China's National Geochemical Mapping Project (Regional Geochemistry-National Reconnaissance, RGNR project) was initiated in 1979. From 1978 to 1982, cooperative research projects were carried out for the preparation and distribution of standard reference samples and for the development of field sampling techniques, multi-element analytical methodology and a unified data quality monitoring procedure. Large pilot surveys were also commenced in several provinces. After five years of technical preparation, the project came into its full implementation. More than 5 million km² of Chinese land surface has been covered by this project. During 1993–1995, another national geochemical project, under the name of ‘Environmental geochemical monitoring network and dynamic geochemical maps in China’ as a pilot survey to choose the suitable sampling medium for the global geochemical mapping application, was carried out in China. The remarkable achievements of China's geochemical mapping projects are widely recognized. Nearly 66% of new discoveries of economic mineralization by MGMR were attributed to the RGNR project. New concepts and new methodologies have emerged through these projects. They also made a great contribution to the international activity toward standardization of geochemical mapping methodology and the possible realization of wide-spaced global geochemical mapping.     

沉积物—水界面水流通量研究之渗流仪直接测量法回顾与进展

正湿地沉积物—水界面的地表水—地下水交换通量对水环境的水文循环、水量均衡、水质变化、生化反应和生态环境效应等具有关键作用和重要意义。目前,在河流、湖泊、海洋等湿地区域的研究中,越来越多的研究者认识到地表水-地下水交互作用是不可忽略的水文循环过程,它将大大促进对区域乃至全球性水循环的深入理解。渗流仪是一种直接测量沉积物—水界面的水流通量的仪器装置,     

Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic Intrusions Distribution in the North Sanjiang Orogenic Belt, Southwest China: Evidence from Zircon U–Pb Dating and Geochemistry

A mosaic of terranes or blocks and associated Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sutures are characteristics of the north Sanjiang orogenic belt (NSOB). A detailed field study and sampling across the three magmatic belts in north Sanjiang orogenic belt, which are the Jomda–Weixi magmatic belt, the Yidun magmatic belt and the Northeast Lhasa magmatic belt, yield abundant data that demonstrate multiphase magmatism took place during the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. 9 new zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages and 160 published geochronological data have identified five continuous episodes of magma activities in the NSOB from the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic: the Late Permian to Early Triassic (c. 261–230 Ma); the Middle to Late Triassic (c. 229–210 Ma); the Early to Middle Jurassic (c. 206–165 Ma); the Early Cretaceous (c. 138–110 Ma) and the Late Cretaceous (c. 103–75 Ma). 105 new and 830 published geochemical data reveal that the intrusive rocks in different episodes have distinct geochemical compositions. The Late Permian to Early Triassic intrusive rocks are all distributed in the Jomda–Weixi magmatic belt, showing arc–like characteristics; the Middle to Late Triassic intrusive rocks widely distributed in both Jomda–Weixi and Yidun magmatic belts, also demonstrating volcanic–arc granite features; the Early to Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks are mostly exposed in the easternmost Yidun magmatic belt and scattered in the westernmost Yangtza Block along the Garzê–Litang suture, showing the properties of syn–collisional granite; nearly all the Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks distributed in the NE Lhasa magmatic belt along Bangong suture, exhibiting both arc–like and syn–collision–like characteristics; and the Late Cretaceous intrusive rocks mainly exposed in the westernmost Yidun magmatic belt, with A–type granite features. These suggest that the co–collision related magmatism in Indosinian period developed in the central and eastern parts of NSOB while the Yanshan period co–collision related magmatism mainly occurred in the west area. In detail, the earliest magmatism developed in late Permian to Triassic and formed the Jomda–Wei magmatic belt, then magmatic activity migrated eastwards and westwards, forming the Yidun magmatic bellt, the magmatism weakend at the end of late Triassic, until the explosure of the magmatic activity occurred in early Cretaceous in the west NSOB, forming the NE Lhasa magmatic belt. Then the magmatism migrated eastwards and made an impact on the within–plate magmatism in Yidun magmatic belt in late Cretaceous.