Preparation and Structural Investigation of CuCl2 Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Superfine graphite powder was prepared by ball-milling exfoliated graphite containing anhydrous CuCl2 in planetary ball milling systems. Nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds were synthesized by heating a mixture of anhydrous CuCl2 and graphite nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructures of stage-1 nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds. The structure and components of the domain wall and core in the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds are described. The results show that the content of CuCl2 in the mixture plays a crucial role in the size of the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compound.     

GIS APPLICATION IN RESEARCH OF WILDLIFE HABITAT CHANGE——A case study of the Giant Panda in Wolong Nature Reserve

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新疆阿尔泰小土尔根铜矿床硫化物微量元素、S—Pb同位素特征及地质意义

诺尔特地区位于我国重要的阿尔泰有色金属和贵金属成矿带北部山区,近年来在该区不断发现有铜金矿化点,显示该区具有较好的找矿潜力。小土尔根铜矿位于诺尔特Au—Pb—Zn(—W—Mo)成矿带北部,红山嘴大断裂的北侧,成矿条件有利。本文通过详细的野外地质考察,选取该矿不同矿体中矿石的金属硫化物进行矿物学特征研究,在此基础上测试其化学成分和S、Pb同位素组成,以探讨其成矿物质的来源和成因类型。电子探针分析表明:黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值集中分布于5.0～11.1,S/Se范围为2217～7388,指示其为与火山作用有关的潜火山热液成因;闪锌矿中S/(Zn+Fe)值高于理论值,显示了硫逸度较高的热液环境;黄铜矿的[n(Cu)+n(Fe)]/n(S)=0.98,推测其成矿温度约为200℃,这与金属硫化物阶段石英脉中所测流体包裹体的均一温度220～250℃基本一致,均表明其形成于中低温环境;方铅矿的Pb/S值低于理论值,同样指示了硫逸度较高的热液环境;闪锌矿等硫化物中,多种元素均有类质同像现象的发生。硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)组成范围比较窄,变化范围为7.1‰～10.6‰,集中分布于7‰～9‰之间,具有较明显的塔式分布特征,主要为单一的岩浆硫。硫化物Pb同位素组成比较稳定,在铅同位素构造模式图以及△β—△γ图解中,均显示其为壳幔混合源。综合目前研究,笔者认为小土尔根铜矿可能是晚古生代早期(D_1—D_2)阿尔泰造山暂歇拉张期岩石圈伸展作用的产物。     

基于预测的双线偏振天气雷达数据无损压缩算法

随着双线偏振天气雷达技术的发展,雷达提供的探测参量越来越多,数据精度不断提高。探测性能提升使得天气雷达数据量急剧增长,数据存储和传输是雷达网络化应用中需要解决的重要问题。数据压缩算法用于减小传输和存储的数据量,但通用的数据压缩算法并未充分考虑双线偏振天气雷达数据的特点。文中提出适用于双线偏振天气雷达数据压缩算法（DPRC）,使用径向预测减小天气雷达数据相关性,实现了天气雷达基数据的高效无损压缩。使用CSU-CHILL雷达数据和双线偏振改造后的CINRAD SA雷达对DPRC的算法性能进行评估,试验结果表明,DPRC较通用的压缩算法压缩率更高,适用于高分辨率双线偏振雷达数据无损压缩。      

Analysis of Low-level Temperature Inversions and Their Effects on Aerosols in the Lower Atmosphere

High-quality and continuous radiosonde, aerosol and surface meteorology datasets are used to investigate the statistical characteristics of meteorological parameters and their effects on aerosols. The data were collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains climate research facility during 2000–15. The parameters and vertical distribution of temperature inversion layers were found to have strong diurnal and seasonal changes. For surface-based temperature inversion (SBI), the mean frequency and depth of temperature inversion layers were 39.4% and 198 m, respectively. The temperature difference between the top and bottom of SBI was 4.8℃, and so the temperature gradient was 2.4℃ (100 m)^?1. The detailed vertical distributions of temperature inversion had been determined, and only the temperature inversion layers below 1000 m showed diurnal and seasonal variations. Mean surface aerosol number concentrations increased by 43.0%, 21.9% and 49.2% when SBIs were present at 0530, 1730 and 2330 LST, respectively. The effect of SBI on surface aerosol concentration was weakest in summer (18.1%) and strongest in winter (58.4%). During elevated temperature inversion events, there was no noticeable difference in surface aerosol number concentrations. Temperature differences and temperature gradients across SBIs correlated fairly well with aerosol number concentrations, especially for temperature gradients. The vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties with and without temperature inversions was different. Surface aerosol measurements were representative of the air within (below), but not above, SBIs and EIs. These results provide a basis for developing a boundary layer aerosol accumulation model and for improving radiative transfer models in the lower atmosphere.     

2013年1月华北灰霾气溶胶光学特性的垂直分布

利用Cloud-Aerosol Li DAR with Orthogonal Polarization(CALIOP)正交极化云—气溶胶激光雷达资料、Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET)气溶胶观测资料、地面常规气象观测资料和Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)模式分析了2013年1月份华北地区的3次中重度灰霾天气过程,着重对灰霾天气过程中大气气溶胶的衰减后向散射系数、退偏比和色比等光学参数的垂直分布进行了研究。结果表明,2013年1月份华北地区灰霾天气发生时,低层大气(2 km)以下污染最严重,存在大量的气溶胶粒子。1月29日重度灰霾时气溶胶的后向散射系数增大至0.0045 km-1·sr-1,退偏比大于20%,0—8 km高度范围内的色比值大于100%的比例约为36.3%;气溶胶光学厚度从0.2增大至2.1,Angstrom指数由1.4降至0.9,表明气溶胶光学厚度增加的同时,大气中混合的粗粒子气溶胶比重增加。HYSPLIT后向轨迹模拟结果显示:500 m、1000 m和1500 m 3个高度的气流均途经蒙古国、中国内蒙古自治区、西北地区,最后影响华北地区,表明这次灰霾污染事件除受本地排放的气溶胶粒子影响,还受到源于蒙古国、内蒙古、中国西北部地区远程输送的沙尘影响。     

Retrieval of aerosol optical properties over the Beijing area using POLDER/PARASOL satellite polarization measurements

Aerosol optical properties over Beijing and Xianghe under several typical weather conditions (clear sky, light haze, heavy pollution and dust storm) are derived from POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of the Earths Reflectances)/PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) multi-directional, multi-spectral polarized signals using a more reliable retrieval algorithm as proposed in this paper. The results are compared with those of the operational retrieval algorithm of POLDER/PARASOL group and the ground-based AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork)/PHOTONS (PHOtometrie pour le Traitement Operational de Normalisation Satellitaire) measurements. It is shown that the aerosol optical parameters derived from the improved algorithm agree well with AERONET/PHOTONS measurement. The retrieval accuracies of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and effective radius are 0.06 and 0.05 mu m respectively, which are close to or better than the required accuracies (0.04 for AOT and 0.1 mu m for effective radius) for estimating aerosol direct forcing.     

湘赣浙紫色土的类型与分布特点

湘赣浙紫色土主要分布在沅江、湘江、赣江、信江、衢江流域几个NE或NNE向平行排列的紫色丘陵盆地内,出露上白垩统一下第三系红色碎屑岩,可见中丘中谷、低丘宽谷和缓丘带坝三类地形,分布不同风化程度的成土风化壳和紫色土类型。三省酸性紫色土和中性紫色土比例较大,达73％,比四川盆地多38—39％。