大型湖库滨岸带蓝藻水华堆积风险评估——以巢湖为例

淡水湖库富营养化与蓝藻水华是全球性的突出水环境问题,尤其是滨岸带严重蓝藻水华堆积甚至造成了水体黑臭、威胁饮用水安全等严重危害,科学评估滨岸带蓝藻水华堆积风险、精准识别蓝藻水华易堆积区域是水环境管理与研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题.本研究以我国长江中下游的大型浅水富营养化湖泊巢湖为研究对象,依托流域水文与湖泊水动力模拟、遥...     

Diethylstilbestrol in fish tissue determined through subcritical fluid extraction and with GC-MS

As the key point in sex hormone analysis, sample pre-treatment technology has attracted scientists' attention all over the world, and the development trend of sample preparation forwarded to faster and more efficient technologies. Taking economic and environmental concerns into account, subcritical fluid extraction as a faster and more efficient method has stood out as a sample pre-treatment technology. This new extraction technology can overcome the shortcomings of supercritical fluid and achieve higher extraction efficiency at relatively low pressures and temperatures. In this experiment, a simple, sensitive and efficient method has been developed for the determination of diethylstilbestrol(DES) in fish tissue using subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a) extraction in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). After extraction, freezing-lipid filtration was utilized to remove fatty co-extract. Further purification steps were performed with C_(18) and NH_2 solid phase extraction(SPE). Finally, the analyte was derived by heptafluorobutyric anhydride(HFBA), followed by GC-MS analysis. Response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to optimizing the extraction condition, and the optimized was as follows: extraction pressure, 4.3 MPa; extraction temperature, 26℃; amount of co-solvent volume, 4.7 m L. Under this condition, at a spiked level of 1, 5, 10 μg kg~(-1), the mean recovery of DES was more than 90% with relative standard deviations(RSDs) less than 10%. Finally, the developed method has been successfully used to analyzing the real samples.     

中美博弈下的经济权力空间动态性与异质性

随着中国的和平崛起,中美地缘关系进入大博弈时代.经济权力竞争成为中美博弈的战略重点,然而其地域空间变化规律鲜有论及.为此,论文基于非对称依赖和均势理论,构建投资权力和贸易权力的脆弱性—敏感性模型,动态揭示中美两国经济权力的空间变化规律及其趋势.研究发现:①中美两国经济权力空间由美国雄踞全球逐渐演变为两国东西半球平分秋色...     

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖降压作用的初步研究

采用两肾—夹型建立肾血管性高血压大鼠模型。探讨岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖对肾血管性高血压大鼠的血压、呼吸及血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)含量的影响。用GY-6088型多道生理参数分析记录仪和张力传感器测定、记录血压和呼吸；用均相竞争法测定Ang Ⅱ的含量。实验表明，12．5，25，50mg／kg的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖均能显著地降低肾血管性高血压大鼠的动脉血压。其中，高剂量(50mg／kg)的降压效果与14mg／kg的卡托普利相当；给药大鼠的呼吸频率随血压的变化呈正相关变化；12．5，25，50mg／kg剂量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖均能降低高血压大鼠血浆中Ang Ⅱ的含量。其中，高剂量(25，50mg／kg)组的Ang Ⅱ水平同卡托普利组(14mg／kg)相当。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖对肾血管性高血压大鼠有显著的降压作用，抑制AngⅡ生成可能是其降压机制之一。     

海洋沉积物中金属依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化作用研究进展及展望

海洋沉积物中大部分甲烷会通过甲烷厌氧氧化作用（anaerobic oxidation of methane, AOM）而被消耗。早期研究表明,AOM可与硫酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的还原作用相耦合,从而有效减少甲烷向大气的排放。最近,金属依赖型AOM（metal-AOM,活性金属氧化物还原反应驱动的AOM）被证实存在于自然界沉积物和富集培养的样品中。但是,目前仍未从自然海洋环境中分离获得能够介导metal-AOM的微生物。对海洋沉积物中metal-AOM的研究大多聚焦于热液或冷泉等海洋特殊生境,一系列研究表明地质流体在这些海底化能自养生态系统的维持和演化方面起到了重要作用,并深刻影响全球地球化学循环,因此,该科学问题研究吸引了越来越多的注意力。本文讨论了可能参与海洋沉积物中metal-AOM的微生物类群及其地球化学证据,并在前人工作基础上,以冲绳海槽冷泉-热液共生区为例,提出一种新的metal-AOM作用机制。认为在全球冷泉-热液系统相互作用地区的调查有助于更好地探讨metal-AOM的发生机制及微生物在深海生境中分布的连通性问题。     

基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析——以辽宁省朝阳市为例

以数字高程模型(DEM)、降雨量、土壤、遥感影像等为基础数据,运用GIS与遥感技术,结合RUSLE模型研究辽宁省朝阳市2001~2010 年的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征。研究结果如下:① 2001~2010 年土壤侵蚀模数总体呈下降趋势,其中2009 年的平均土壤侵蚀模数为254.02 t·hm^-2·a^-1,为10 a 间最低值;② 微度土壤侵蚀面积总体呈上升趋势,但以上2 个指标在2010 年均出现了不同程度的反弹;③ 朝阳县是土壤侵蚀最严重的地区,土壤侵蚀模数的平均值最高,为747.33 t·hm^-2·a^-1,中度以上土壤侵蚀面积分别为29.2%、32.67%、34.57%、31.41%。     

Application of EDA technology and μClinux operating system in the earthquake precursor instruments

Using Altera's Quartus Ⅱ, Nios Ⅱ IDE and Sopc Builder development tools, the proton precession magnetometer principle host hardware platform is designed in a cyclone Ⅱ series FPGA chip (EP2C35). The proton precession magnetometer principle host core circuit's single-chip system-logic design is achieved by building and configuring the Nios Ⅱ soft-core processor, developing the IO interface and sensor control circuits, programming some hardware units' VHDL code, for example the equal precision cymometer and the DPLL. Through researching the embedded operating system configuration technology and building the NIOS Ⅱ soft-core processor's μClinux cross-compile environment, the μClinux system is transplanted to the NIOS Ⅱ environment. Another important task is writing the device drivers' and user programs' code. Through these work, the design realize the host function and achieve the expected target.

     

陆地沉积物对大洋缺氧事件的响应：六盘山群黑色页岩地球化学特征及其意义

通过对六盘山群中上部湖相沉积中一层黑色页岩年代（113.45~112.98 Ma）及其下部泥灰岩的元素地球化学特征研究发现,黑色页岩形成于干热而相对湿润气候背景下的缺氧还原环境中,与典型缺氧事件黑色页岩的地球化学特征基本一致,说明该黑色页岩记录了六盘山地区对全球白垩纪大洋缺氧事件OAE1b (约113～111 Ma)的响应,可能指示该期大洋缺氧事件是一次全球性的气候变化事件。     

煤矿隐蔽特大突水通道快速封堵技术研究

2011年8月6日14时,临近黄河的韩城禹昌煤矿在11^#煤层回采过程中发生底板奥灰水突水,突水通过相邻煤矿采空区,并与8月7日零时5分许冲跨桑树坪煤矿北二车场绕道封闭墙进入斜井280m大巷,很快淹没整个大巷系统造成斜井整体淹井事故。在进行了井上、下水文地质调查、物探、钻探探查和示踪剂测试、水质化验与综合分析研究的基础上,初步确定了突水点与过水通道的区域,结合矿井11#煤层顶、底板、奥灰岩峰峰二段水文地质条件特征,采取了骨料灌注沉积法和松散体注浆加固法,成功隔离了两个矿井之间的水力联系。经过单位吸水率、追排水量、水位变化、残余出水量检验,达到了预期目的,实现了隐蔽突水点及过水通道快速封堵,为矿井全面恢复生产提供了重要保障。