基于生态工程的海岸带全球变化适应性防护策略

在全球变化导致的海平面上升和灾害性气候等压力下,我国海岸带风暴潮、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等灾害发生频率和强度正在增加,对海岸防护体系的需求日益提高。传统海岸防护工程维护成本高,更新困难,而且可能造成地面沉降、水质恶化、生态退化、渔业资源衰退等后果。基于生态工程的海岸防护提供了抵御海岸带灾害的新理念。修复和重建沙滩、红树林、沼泽湿地、珊瑚礁等海岸带生态系统,可以起到消浪、蓄积泥沙、抬升地面的作用,有效应对全球变化引发的灾害风险,形成更可持续的海岸防护体系。通过分析不同海岸防护技术的优势和限制,认为以生态工程为核心理念构建和管理我国海岸防护体系,才能起到保障社会经济发展和维持生态健康的最佳效果。     

基于多方法手段的开山岛海域淮阴-响水口断裂走向研究

淮阴—响水口断裂为江苏地层分区的重要界线,其陆域位置研究历来已久,但海域位置至今尚未明确。本次研究利用多方法手段,首次确定了淮阴-响水口断裂在南黄海海域的具体位置走向,并明确了开山岛地层归属。     

鄱阳湖非平稳水位波动及其与长江的交互作用关系(英文)

Seasonal water-level fluctuations(WLF) play a dominate role in lacustrine ecosystems. River-lake interaction is a direct factor in changes of seasonal lake WLF, especially for those lakes naturally connected to upstream and downstream rivers. During the past decade, the modification of WLF in the Poyang Lake(the largest freshwater lake in China) has caused intensified flood and irrigation crises, reduced water availability, compromised water quality and extensive degradation of the lake ecosystem. There has been a conjecture as to whether the modification was caused by its interactions with Yangtze River. In this study, we investigated the variations of seasonal WLF in China’s Poyang Lake by comparing the water levels during the four distinct seasons(the dry season, the rising season, the flood season, and the retreating season) before and after 2003 when the Three Gorge Dam operated. The Water Surface Slope(WSS) was used as a representative parameter to measure the changes in river-lake interaction and its impacts on seasonal WLF. The results showed that the magnitude of seasonal WLF has changed considerably since 2003; the seasonal WLF of the Poyang Lake have been significantly altered by the fact that the water levels both rise and retreat earlier in the season and lowered water levels in general. The fluctuations of river-lake interactions, in particular the changes during the retreating season, are mainly responsible for these variations in magnitude of seasonal WLF. This study demonstrates that WSS is a representative parameter to denote river-lake interactions, and the results indicate that more emphasis should be placed on the decrease of the Poyang Lake caused by the lowered water levels of the Yangtze River, especially in the retreating season.     

华北克拉通五台群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征

通过对五台群石咀亚群金刚库组4个典型样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究,对五台群的形成时代及华北克拉通新太古代—古元古代期间的地壳演化进行了探讨。锆石U-Pb同位素测定结果表明,侵入金刚库组中的片麻状花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年龄为2548Ma,因此五台群的上限年龄约为2.5Ga;金刚库组黑云母石英片岩和片麻状石英闪长岩的原岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为2663Ma和2636Ma,因此五台群的下限年龄约为2.7Ga。五台群的地质年龄为2.5~2.7Ga,属于新太古代。锆石Hf同位素研究结果表明,黑云母石英片岩和片麻状石英闪长岩的二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)均为2.8Ga左右,指示2.8Ga左右是五台山区乃至整个华北克拉通地壳生长的重要时期;片麻状花岗岩tDM2平均为2.57Ga,与锆石结晶年龄非常接近,表明2.5Ga左右也是华北克拉通地壳的主要增生期。地壳的增长是幕式的,2.8Ga和2.5Ga都是华北克拉通地壳生长时期。     

一次致灾大暴雪的多尺度系统配置及落区分析

利用高时空分辨率T6390场预报资料、FY-2C卫星资料和Doppler雷达产品,详细分析了2010年2月23日发生在新疆天山北坡中部致灾大暴雪的多尺度系统和物理量场配置以及发生时间和落区.结果表明,南北支短波槽的合并、加强使得冷暖空气强烈交汇是造成大暴雪的主要环流背景,低空急流、辐合线和切变线是大暴雪的主要触发机制,低空急流输送的大量水汽和高低空急流的有利配合有助于低层上升运动加强,为暴雪强度的增强提供了有利条件.大暴雪发生在南北支短波槽交汇处、高空急流入口区右后方辐散区、低空西南暖湿急流出口区左侧辐合区、辐合线前部、切变线南侧以及地面冷锋附近的重叠区域内.大暴雪期间中高层辐散大于中低层辐合,上升运动强盛且深厚,水汽辐合强烈、湿层深厚.中-α和中-β尺度冷云团是造成大暴雪的主要系统,降雪强度、范围和持续时间与冷云团强度、面积及其生命史呈正相关,大暴雪发生在冷云团内部局地增强及强中心维持阶段,并位于TBB≤-65℃的中-α尺度和TBB≤-70℃的中-β尺度冷云团边缘的TBB梯度最大处.强降雪时段雷达回波呈带状分布,回波移动方向与带状长轴方向一致,使得降雪时间较长;回波强度演变、强中心范围与降雪量分布及强降雪中心范围基本一致,强降雪中心的回波强度达35～40 dBz,回波强度梯度大,“S”形速度场曲率大,垂直累积液态水含量有短时的跃增过程,回波演变具有短时弱对流特征.     

台风决策气象服务初探——以“纳沙”台风为例

随着经济增长和社会发展,台风灾害带来的损失越发严重和致命,科学、准确地为政府决策层提供决策服务产品,在保障人民生命财产安全、促进社会经济发展乃至稳定和谐等方面都起着非常重要的作用。立足于台风决策气象服务业务实践,通过完整再现2011年最强台风＂纳沙＂的决策气象服务过程,总结和提炼出目前台风决策气象服务的主要方式和产品编制要求、流程,并挖掘出服务的经验和亮点;同时,分析现实服务中客观存在的一些弊端和问题,思考进一步改进方案,旨在不断提升决策气象服务产品的质量,全力做好台风决策气象服务工作,从而为政府及相关部门应急决策管理提供科学的依据,为台风防灾减灾工作提供决策支持。     

Disappearance of a coronal hole induced by a filament activation

We present a rare observation of direct magnetic interaction between an activating filament and a coronal hole(CH). The filament was a quiescent one located at the northwest of the CH. It underwent a nonradial activation, during which filament material constantly fell and intruded into the CH. As a result, the CH was clearly destroyed by the intrusion. Brightenings appeared at the boundaries and in the interior of the CH, meanwhile, its west boundaries began to retreat and the area gradually shrank. It is noted that the CH went on shrinking after the end of the intrusion and finally disappeared entirely. Following the filament activation, three coronal dimmings(D1–D3) were formed, among which D1 and D2 persisted throughout the complete disappearance of the CH. The derived coronal magnetic configuration shows that the filament was located below an extended loop system, which obviously linked D1 to D2. By extrapolating this result, our observations imply that the interaction between the filament and the CH involved direct intrusion of the filament material to the CH and the disappearance of the CH might be due to interchange reconnection between the expanding loop system and the CH's open field.     

活动星系核（AGN）的宽线区（BLR）（Ⅱ）

ＡＧＮ天体的主要特征之一，就是它们的光谱中有宽而强的发射线，因此，这些宽发射线的产生区域ＢＬＲ为人们提供了一个了解ＡＧＮ天体物理本质的独特而重要的场。在文中围绕讨论了ＢＬＲ基本物理特征，评述近年来有关的理论和观测研究进展及其现状在文（Ⅱ）中主要涉及ＢＬＲ的几何结构和尺度及其运动学研究的进展和现状。     

A Method for Determining Sedimentary Micro-Facies Belts Automatically

It is important to understand the distribution of sedimentary facies, especially the distribution of sand body that is the key for oil production and exploration. The secondary oil recovery requires analyzing a great deal of data accumulated within decades of oil field development. At many cases sedimentary micro-facies maps need to be reconstructed and redrawn frequently, which is time-consuming and heavy. This paper presents an integrated approach for determining the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies, tracing the micro-facies boundary, and drawing the map of sedimentary micro-facies belts automatically by computer technique. The approach is based on the division and correlation of strata of multiple wells as well as analysis of sedimentary facies. The approach includes transform, gridding, interpolation, superposing, searching boundary and drawing the map of sedimentary facies belts, and employs the spatial interpolation method and "worm" interpolation method to determine the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies including sand ribbon and/or sand blanket. The computer software developed on the basis of the above principle provides a tool for quick visualization and understanding the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies and reservoir. Satisfied results have been achieveed by applying the technique to the Putaohua Oil Field in Songliao Basin, China.