岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖降压作用的初步研究

采用两肾—夹型建立肾血管性高血压大鼠模型。探讨岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖对肾血管性高血压大鼠的血压、呼吸及血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)含量的影响。用GY-6088型多道生理参数分析记录仪和张力传感器测定、记录血压和呼吸；用均相竞争法测定Ang Ⅱ的含量。实验表明，12．5，25，50mg／kg的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖均能显著地降低肾血管性高血压大鼠的动脉血压。其中，高剂量(50mg／kg)的降压效果与14mg／kg的卡托普利相当；给药大鼠的呼吸频率随血压的变化呈正相关变化；12．5，25，50mg／kg剂量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖均能降低高血压大鼠血浆中Ang Ⅱ的含量。其中，高剂量(25，50mg／kg)组的Ang Ⅱ水平同卡托普利组(14mg／kg)相当。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖对肾血管性高血压大鼠有显著的降压作用，抑制AngⅡ生成可能是其降压机制之一。     

长江口区鱼类群聚结构、丰盛度及其季节变化的研究

长江是世界第三大河,长江三角洲素有金三角之称,在我国国民经济中处于举足轻重的地位。长江口区内接长江,外连东海,是一个相对独立的半咸水体系。长江径流、台湾暖流和黄海水在此交汇、混合,加上气候变化、潮汐涨落、波浪运动,使其理化条件瞬息万变,给生物提供了一个混合、过渡与复杂多变的非生物环境,它与生物群落构成了一个结构复杂、形态多变、功能独特的河口区生态系统。充满生机的生物群落因环境条件的变化而在一定的范围内不断地改变其数量、大小、组成、结构和形态,整个生态系統处于一种动态平衡状态。鱼类在河口生态系统中占据着极重要的位置,在复杂的食物网中处于较高的营养层次,是主要的消费者。长江口区生物生产力高,饵料丰富,栖息着种类繁多、数量丰盛的鱼类,不仅是重要的河口渔场,而且是多种鱼类觅食、繁殖,幼体育肥、庇护的场所,又是数种洄游鱼类进出的通道,因此对鱼类资源的补充及对邻近水域其他渔场(舟山、吕四等渔场)的形成具有特殊意义。 河口是长江的终端,是整个长江流域大系统的一个重要子系统。长江流域大规模开发建设所引起的一系列变化都可能会影响到河口及近海水域,影响河口区生态系统的结构与功能,这种影响可以在鱼类群聚的数量和结构上很快地反应出来;同时,河口区生态环境的变化也会向内、向外影响长江和近海。因此研究长江口鱼类群聚的数量、结构特点及变化规律,将为长江口生态系统的进一步研究,为该水域的环境评价,监测和预估,为鱼类资源的管理等提供基本资料,具有重要的理论和实践意义。 对河口鱼类群聚的研究,近年来受到国内外学者的极大重视,它已成为河口生态系统研究的重要组成部分。近十几年来特别注重应用于生态环境的评价和监测( Hillman et al.,1977; McErlean et al.,1973)。我国对河口鱼类群聚的研究起步较晚,但正日益受到重视。费鸿年等(1981)和杨纪明等曾分别对珠江口及邻近水域和黄河口的鱼类群聚特性进行了研究。王幼槐(1984)、李星颉(1985)、郁尧山(1986)、赵利华和张国祥(1985)等对长江口及邻近水域的鱼类群聚进行过研究。本文对长江口区最主要、最敏感的部分——半咸水区的鱼类群聚的数量、组成、结构特点及其季节变化规律作了较详尽的描述和探讨,力求反映长江河口区鱼类的基本特征和概貌,提供进一步研究的本底资料。     

Investigation of Lushan earthquake ionosphere VTEC anomalies based on GPS data

Vertical total electron content （VTEC） time series were obtained from 22 GPS stations near the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake. In this paper, we have adopted a sliding average method to detect and analyze anomalous VTEC associated with the earthquake. The results show that signif- icant, negative ionosphere VTEC anomalies appeared over the 5 days before the earthquake, and on the day when earthquake occurred. The maximum value of VTEC anoma- lies that exceeded the lower bound reached 20 TECU. The spatial distribution of VTEC anomalies showed a conjugate structure, which shifted to the magnetic equator, and subse- quently moved westwards.     

Vertical differentiation of land cover in the central Himalayas

Characterized by obvious altitudinal variation, habitat complexity, and diversity in land cover, the Mt. Qomolangma region within the central Himalayas is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the world. At the same time, because the Mt. Qomolangma region possesses the most complete natural vertical spectrum in the world, it is also an ideal place to study the vertical structure of alpine land cover. In this study, land cover data for 2010 along with digital elevation model data were used to define three methods for dividing the northern and southern slopes in the Mt. Qomolangma region, i.e., the ridgeline method, the sample transect method, and the sector method. The altitudinal distributions of different land cover types were then investigated for both the northern and southern slopes of the Mt. Qomolangma region by using the above three division methods along with Arc GIS and MATLAB tools. The results indicate that the land cover in the study region was characterized by obviously vertical zonation with the south-six and north-four pattern of vertical spectrum that reflected both the natural vertical structure of vegetation and the effects of human activities. From low to high elevation, the main land cover types were forests, grasslands, sparse vegetation, bare land, and glacier/snow cover. The compositions and distributions of land cover types differed significantly between the northern and southern slopes; the southern slope exhibited more complex land cover distributions with wider elevation ranges than the northern slope. The area proportion of each land cover type also varied with elevation. Accordingly, the vertical distribution patterns of different land cover types on the southern and northern slopes could be divided into four categories, with glaciers/snow cover, sparse vegetation, and grasslands conforming to unimodal distributions. The distribution of bare land followed a unimodal pattern on the southern slope but a bimodal pattern on the northern slope. Finally, the use of different slope division methods produced similar vertical belt structures on the southern slope but different ones on the northern slope. Among the three division methods, the sector method was better to reflect the natural distribution pattern of land cover.     

非混溶饱和两相渗流与孔隙介质耦合作用的理论研究Ⅱ——方程解耦与有 …

通过对上文（１）所推证数学模型方程的进一步处理与简化，得到解耦的流场系统压力方程，以Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ弱积分解的形式，给出模型方程数值分析的有限元分式，并进行了初步验证。     

2006年9月秭归泄滩极微震群初步研究

2006年 9月17～22日在秭归泄滩镇西侧发生了一次极微震群活动,其中最大地震为9月20日21时10分 ML1.8级.分析结果表明:本次震群的震中主要集中于泄滩镇老石门村至老泄滩一线,震源深度为海平面以上0.5 km范围内,为正倾滑机制解;该震群频谱最佳频率主要集中在2 Hz左右,初步推断该震群为地表层重力作用下矿塌型地震并伴有几次浅层微滑坡.     

三峡水库蓄水后巴东地区波速比（Vp/Vs）研究

采用固定台站法计算了三峡水库蓄水后湖北省巴东地区ML2.0以上地震的波速比值,并给出了各自的相关系数。结果显示,巴东地区地震波速比值变化与水库地震的震源浅,裂隙发育,水的渗入作用等有关,并存在扩容期间波速比降低,震前波速比回升的现象。     

Analysis of soil‐structural interface behavior using three‐dimensional DEM simulations

The shear behavior at the interface between the soil and a structure is investigated at the macroscale and particle‐scale levels using a 3‐dimensional discrete element method (DEM). The macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic quantities affected by the normalized interface roughness and the loading parameters are analyzed. The macro‐response shows that the shear strength of the interface increases as the normalized roughness of the interface increases, and stress softening and dilatancy of the soil material are observed in the tests that feature rough interfaces. The particle‐scale analysis illustrates that a localized band characterized by intense shear deformation emerges from the contact plane and gradually expands as shearing progresses before stabilizing at the residual stress state. The thickness of the localized band is affected by the normalized roughness of the interface and the normal stress, which ranges between 4 and 5 times that of the median grain diameter. A thicker localized band is formed when the soil has a rough shearing interface. After the localized band appears, the granular material structuralizes into 2 regions: the interface zone and the upper zone. The mechanical behavior in the interface zone is representative of the interface according to the local average stress analysis. Certain microscopic quantities in the interface zone are analyzed, including the coordination number and the material fabric. Shear at the interface creates an anisotropic material fabric and leads to the rotation of the major principal stress.