Review of Rapid Transformation of Floodplain Wetlands in Northeast China: Roles of Human Development and Global Environmental Change

Northeast China is the region with the largest area of wetlands in China. The Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain are large freshwater marsh distribution regions that are affected by climate warming and by the increasing frequency and density of extreme weather and are the regions most subject to disturbances by human activities in Northeast China. The wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain have shrunk severely in the past 60 years, and wetland functions have been reduced substantially because of climate change, unreasonable land use, fire episodes, engineering and construction works and urbanization. Large-scale agricultural development started in the 1950s has been the most important driving factor for wetland loss and degradation in the Sanjiang Plain. Water shortage has been the most important factor for degradation and fragmentation of wetlands in the Songnen Plain. To mitigate wetland degradation and better protect wetlands, special regulations, long-term mechanisms and technical support of wetland protection should be established. A wetland compensation program should be implemented, and technologies for increasing the adaptive capacity of wetlands should be developed. Moreover, it is most important to find the balanced threshold between agricultural development and wetland protection.     

Water Security-based Hydrological Regime Assessment Method for Lakes with Extreme Seasonal Water Level Fluctuations: A Case Study of Poyang Lake,China

Extreme seasonal water level fluctuations characterize natural floodplain lakes in monsoon regions, which are crucial for ensuring lake water security, including flood prevention water supply and health of aquatic ecosystem. In order to achieve this goal, we established a hydrological regime assessment method based on a set of hydrological indicators for lakes with heavy seasonal water level fluctuations. The results suggest that time-sensitive hydrological indicators and specific time scales for various water security aspects must be considered. We discovered that it is more practical and meaningful to combine the water level classification derived from statistical analyses with characteristic hydrological values linked to water security. The case study of Poyang Lake results show that there are no discernable trends of Poyang Lake water regime status over the last 35 years, and the two periods of poor status are in accordance with climate variation in the lake basin area. Scholars and policy makers should focus on both floods and droughts, which are the main water security problems for Poyang Lake. It is hoped that this multi-scale and multi-element hydrological regime assessment method will provide new guidelines and methods for other international scholars of river and lake water assessment.     

大别山北缘合肥盆地中,新生代构造演化

合肥盆地中、新生代经历了多次沉降和降升变化,侏罗系沉积作用分布于整个盆地,中、晚侏罗世盆地内地层遭受广泛剥蚀。白垩纪沉积物局限于盆地东部,最大剥蚀区在盆地东南部。下第三系沉积集中于断裂带控制的断陷盆地中,剥蚀主要在盆地东部和南部。根据南北向平衡剖面分析,早侏罗世盆地为南北挤压,晚侏罗世盆地拉张松驰形成东西向断层;白垩纪受东西向挤压,早第三纪为南北向拉张。东西向平衡剖面分析表明：在盆地内存在一条规模巨大的南北向巨型隆起,隆起形成干早白垩世早期延续到晚白垩世晚期。盆地经历了早侏罗世前挤压推覆,侏罗－白垩纪松驰下陷,白垩纪盆地西部及中部隆升,晚白垩世－早第三纪盆地受南北向拉张作用。形成北断南超的箕状断陷盆地;晚第三纪挤压降升。     

新疆独山子ＧＰＳ形变测量与断层活动性研究

1995 年5 月2 日独山子南发生MS5.8 地震后,对独山子南部山区开展了GPS测量,自1995～1997 年共进行3 次复测。独山子GPS网共布设测点13 个,跨附近的一些活动构造断裂。所有观测量用随机软件进行了平差处理,最大相对误差为2.4×10- 7。独山子地区的活动断层总的活动特点是以逆断或逆掩方式为主,主断层面多朝南倾或近直立,四条主要断裂在两年来的活动速率为0.4～5m m /a。     

辽宁地震信息网Web页面制作方法

阐述了辽宁地震信息网络Web页面设计风格和Web页面制作过程中的主要技术难点及其解决方法,对更好地创建Web页面,使网页制作从文字界面向图文并茂、生动活泼的图形和多媒体界面发展有一定的借鉴作用。     

海浪的特征波陡

在现有的海浪要素统计分布的理论框架下具体地推导了二维海浪波良与波长的联合统计分布,波长统计分布以及波陡的统计分布,在此基础上对上特征波陡的定义及期 承风要素的变化规律做了较为细致的讨论。     

Hydromechanics for the formation and development of radial sandbanks (II)

In order to study the tidal current ridges, a three-dimensional numerical model is, for the first time, applied to studying the hydrodynamic circumstance with Houbolt’s spiral assumption in the radial sandbank area. It successfully reveals that the radial sandbanks are molded by to-and-fro tidal current as well as the subtransverse circulation current, and that both contribute to maintaining the interior dynamic balance of the sandbanks. It is also found that the subtransverse circulation current would not always appear in pair within the ridges. These discoveries enrich the theoretical results in hydrodynamics of tidal current ridges.     

湘西南桂北下寒武统富铀黑色岩系中变质沉凝灰岩的岩石学特征

作者在桂北资源县吴家和全州市木皮口的下寒武统清溪组剖面修测过程中,对所采集的岩石样品进行偏光显微镜观察研究,发现清溪组～Ｃ１－１ｑ、～Ｃ１－３ｑ和～Ｃ１－５ｑ中原定名为“粉砂岩”和“变余长石石英砂岩”的岩石中含有大量火山凝灰碎屑（晶屑）,继而在桂北龙胜、融水和湘西南城步、武岗、新宁等地同时代的富铀黑色岩系中发现存在着２－３层厚度不等的沉凝灰岩。根据岩石的化学成分、结构特征和利用化学成分分析数据所作的各种变异图,确认这些岩石是火山作用形成的沉凝灰岩,通过成岩后的浅变质作用成为变质沉凝灰岩     

赤道反气旋的合成结构和涡度收支

本文通过普查1979—1983年7—9月在10°S—15°N、90°E—140°E范围内的赤道反气旋活动情况,从中选出15个强度和范围较接近的赤道反气旋进行综合分析,得到它们的平均三维结构特征。结果表明,赤道反气旋是一个暖性的中低层系统。反气旋环流与涡度、散度及垂直运动有较好的配合。在赤道反气旋的低层,环流中心为负涡度区和辐散区,并与下沉运动区相对应,四周为正涡度和辐合区,以及上升运动区。高层正好相反。加热场与垂直运动场有较好的对应关系,中心区是干绝热下沉增温区。对涡度收支的计算表明,中低层有负涡度积累,上层有正涡度积累,局地涡度变化主要决定于散度项、平流项和垂直输送项。      

国际极地研究进展的文献计量分析

本文基于WoS和CNKI数据库,通过文献计量方法对2013—2018年中国和国际极地科研情况从发文量、被引量、机构、学科分布、合作关系、来源期刊、高被引论文等方面进行统计分析,并结合中西方传统学科优势和自然地理位置的差异,总结了当前极地领域的研究热点,得出以下结论：（1）“极地冰盖不稳定性和海平面变化”“极地生态系统的敏感性与脆弱性”“北极海-冰-气相互作用及其气候效应”是当前世界各国共同关注的研究重点;（2）“‘冰上丝绸之路’倡议下的国家战略与合作”等政治环境研究已成为我国特有的极地战略课题。同时,从加大政策支持、构建合作体系和优化战略布局等三个方面提出了启示与建议。