西南天山托云地区白垩纪-早第三纪玄武岩地球化学及其成因机制

托云玄武岩主要分布于托云盆地东侧，按形成时代可分为白垩纪玄武岩和早第三纪玄武岩。白垩纪玄武岩包括早白垩世玄武岩和晚白垩世玄武岩，以碱玄岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩为主，碱性程度高；早第三纪玄武岩包括早第三纪玄武岩及脉岩，以碱性橄榄玄武岩、碱性橄榄辉绿岩为主，碱性程度低。所有岩石稀土元素(REE)、微量元素分布模式相似，REE均为向右陡倾型，富集不相容元素。白垩纪玄武岩的∑REE、Rb、Ba、Th、K、Sr、Nb和Ta等元素富集程度均高于早第三纪玄武岩，相容元素富集程度大体较低。微量元素和同位素特征显示，玄武岩起源于与洋岛玄武岩源区相似的富集地幔源。玄武岩中赋存有交代地幔捕虏体，这表明玄武岩浆可能是交代地幔经不同程度部分熔融的产物。微量元素的特征同时显示，早白垩世玄武岩部分熔融程度较低，早第三纪玄武岩部分熔融程度较高，且在不断的部分熔融过程中，形成的岩浆又有结晶分异作用发生。托云玄武岩形成于大陆板内拉伸环境，在形成过程中经历了较弱的壳幔相互作用。     

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Evaluation of WRF-based convection-permitting multi-physics ensemble forecasts over China for an extreme rainfall event on 21 July 2012 in Beijing

On 21 July 2012, an extreme rainfall event that recorded a maximum rainfall amount over 24 hours of 460 mm, occurred in Beijing, China. Most operational models failed to predict such an extreme amount. In this study, a convective-permitting ensemble forecast system (CEFS), at 4-km grid spacing, covering the entire mainland of China, is applied to this extreme rainfall case. CEFS consists of 22 members and uses multiple physics parameterizations. For the event, the predicted maximum is 415 mm d^-1 in the probability-matched ensemble mean. The predicted high-probability heavy rain region is located in southwest Beijing, as was observed. Ensemble-based verification scores are then investigated. For a small verification domain covering Beijing and its surrounding areas, the precipitation rank histogram of CEFS is much flatter than that of a reference global ensemble. CEFS has a lower (higher) Brier score and a higher resolution than the global ensemble for precipitation, indicating more reliable probabilistic forecasting by CEFS. Additionally, forecasts of different ensemble members are compared and discussed. Most of the extreme rainfall comes from convection in the warm sector east of an approaching cold front. A few members of CEFS successfully reproduce such precipitation, and orographic lift of highly moist low-level flows with a significantly southeasterly component is suggested to have played important roles in producing the initial convection. Comparisons between good and bad forecast members indicate a strong sensitivity of the extreme rainfall to the mesoscale environmental conditions, and, to less of an extent, the model physics.     

大别山东部花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄

花岗片麻岩是大别山区除超高压变质杂岩外的另一种重要岩石类型,本文测得南大别二长花岗片麻岩中单颗粒锆石U-Pb不一致线的上交点年龄为789±43 Ma.位于五河一水吼韧性剪切带南缘的糜棱岩化二长花岗片麻岩中锆石的207Pb/206Pb表面年龄接近一致年龄,为715～777 Ma,平均757 Ma,U-Pb不一致线的上交点年龄为815±70 Ma,下交点年龄为482±167 Ma.北大别石英二长片麻岩中锆石207Pb/206表面年龄的变化范围较广,介于594～700 Ma,平均为649 Ma,U-Pb不一致线的上、下交点年龄分别为814±97 Ma和477±77 Ma.这说明这些正片麻岩的侵位时间范围大致为750～850 Ma的晚元古代;南、北大别正片麻岩中的锆石年代学显示它们可能具有相似的形成与演化历史;约480 Ma前后的加里东运动对大别山地区可能也有影响.     

基于HBV模型的太子河流域致洪临界雨量的确定

以太子河流域为研究区域,基于流域内的气象水文数据、数字高程模型及土地利用等资料,采用HBV水文模型对流域的水文过程进行模拟,通过对模型参数的率定与验证,评估了HBV模型在该流域径流模拟的适用性,确定了适合太子河流域的最优化参数,结合水位-流量关系曲线,推算太子河流域不同等级洪水致洪临界雨量。结果表明: HBV模型对太子河流域的径流模拟效果较好,率定期与验证期Nash效率系数与确定性系数均超过0.60,模型中积雪和融雪模块(CFR)、土壤含水量计算模块(BETA)与响应模块(KUZ2、UZ1、PERC)中的这些参数最为敏感,模型基本模拟出了洪水对降水的响应过程。通过建立的HBV水文模型,结合小林子水文站的水位-流量关系曲线,以警戒水位、保证水位作为不同等级洪水的判别条件,推算得到了不同起始水位下太子河流域动态临界雨量指标,临界雨量随起始水位的升高而有所减小。     

大暖期中国湖泊沉积物有机碳储量的初步估算研究

湖泊作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在区域/全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。研究大暖期（6±0.5 ka B.P.）湖泊沉积物有机碳储量,可为未来类似增温幅度下湖泊固碳潜力变化研究提供一定的基础数据。文章通过搜集我国不同地区65个含大暖期沉积年代及有机碳数据的湖泊资料,开展了大暖期中国湖泊沉积物有机碳储量的初步研究。结果表明,大暖期我国湖泊沉积物有机碳储量约为4.56 Pg C,变化范围约为0.90~19.08 Pg C（1 Pg=10¹⁵ g）,主要集中在东部平原湖区、蒙新湖区及青藏高原湖区;有机碳累积速率约为22.3 g/（m²·a）,变化范围约为4.4~92.6 g/（m²·a）,其中以蒙新湖区最高,青藏高原湖区最低。大暖期我国湖泊有机碳储量与陆地碳库的比较表明,湖泊有机碳储量约为陆地（植被和土壤）有机碳储量的3%,而湖泊面积约为陆地面积的2%,加之湖泊沉积物较土壤及森林生物量能够保存更长的时间,因此湖泊在维系全球碳平衡中起着重要作用,湖泊的碳汇功能不容忽视。

     

Stable isotopes in precipitation in Xilin River Basin, northern China and their implications

Under the increasing pressure of water shortage and steppe degradation,information on the hydrological cycle in steppe region in Inner Mongolia,China is urgently needed.An intensive investigation of the temporal variations ofδD andδ1 8O in precipitation was conducted in 2007-2008 in the Xilin River Basin,Inner Mongolia in the northern China.TheδD andδ1 8O values for 54 precipitation samples range from+1.1‰to-34.7‰and-3.0‰to -269‰,respectively.This wide range indicates that stable isotopes in precipitation are primarily controlled by different condensation mechanisms as a function of air temperature and varying sources of vapor.The relationship between δD andδ1 8 O defined a well constrained line given by δD =7.89 δ18O+9.5,which is nearly identical to the Meteoric Water Line in the northern China.The temperature effect is clearly displayed in this area.The results of backward tra- jectory of each precipitation day show that the vapor of the precipitation in cold season(October to March)mainly originates from the west while the moisture source is more complicated in warm season(April to September).A light precipitation amount effect existes at the precipitation event scale in this area.The vapor source of precipitation with higher d-excesses are mainly from the west wind or neighboring inland area and precipitation with lower d-excesses from a monsoon source from the southeastern China.     

热带太平洋潜热通量变化及其与我国夏季降水的关系

采用1948-2010年NCEP/NCAR再分析潜热通量资料,利用经验正交分解(EOF)方法,分析了夏季热带太平洋潜热通量变化的时空特征,并探讨了中国东部夏季降水异常与潜热通量变化时空格局的关系.结果显示,热带东太平洋潜热通量变化存在明显的线性减小趋势;潜热通量还具有在年际时间尺度上的变化特征.热带太平洋潜热通量第一模态时间系数与中国夏季降水相关系数表现为“南正北负”型分布,表明热带太平洋地区的潜热通量减少可能是造成我国夏季降水在20世纪70年代以后长江中下游及华南地区夏季降水明显偏多,东北、华北地区夏季降水明显偏少的影响因素之一.进一步分析表明,热带东太平洋潜热通量异常偏少时,造成东亚地区500hPa位势高度场异常偏高,形成向南的水汽输送异常,并可能通过东亚副热带西风急流年际变化影响中国夏季降水分布.     

用加压氧化—氰化法从硫精矿中提金试验研究

采用“高效浸金反应器”研究了加压氧化－氰化法提金新工艺。对山东某地硫精矿采用此工艺,选择条件为氰化钠用量１．５ｋｇ／ｔ、石灰用量７ｋｇ／ｔ、矿浆固液比１：１５、浸出时间３０ｍｉｎ,金浸出率可达６２％,与常规氰化法相比成本低,效率高。     

河北省沙尘暴时空分布特征及其防治对策研究

该文分析河北省沙尘暴的气候特征 ,并探讨其成因 ,研究结果表明 ,坝上地区是河北省沙尘暴的多发区 ,干旱多大风的春季是发生沙尘暴天气最多的季节。最后提出了以植树种草为核心内容的综合防治对策。