Semi-empirical models of the white-light flare on October 24, 1991

On October 24, 1991, a white-light flare was observed both from space and from the ground. A multi-waveband spectral analysis shows that the peak time of the continuum emission coincides well with that of a radio burst at 2840 MHz and with the hard X-ray emission. Three semi-empirical models, corresponding to the pre-flare condition and to the peak time of continuum emission both with and without non-thermal excitation and ionization of hydrogen by an electron beam, have been obtained. The results indicate that there is fast heating both in the chromosphere and the photosphere. Some evidence is given that this WLF is very likely a result of bombardment by an electron beam. By taking into account non-thermal effects, the chromospheric temperature of the semi-empirical model is significantly reduced.     

Virtual Field Geologic Trip System

Virtual Field Geologic Trip System (VFGTS) constructed by the technique of visualization can efficiently present geologic field information and widely used in the field of geologic education. This paper introduces the developing thinking of VFGTS and discusses the main implement processes. Building VFGTS mainly includes systemically gathering of field geological data, the building of virtual geological world, and displaying of virtual geologic world and human-computer interaction.     

联合多台GPS观测值计算动态定位GPS高程的改进方法

RTK(实时载波相位差分)技术的出现让GNSS在测量领域独领风骚,同时随着GPS接收机的更新换代支持多GNSS系统混合接收,联合计算,使得GNSS的应用效率和精度都有很大提高。目前,GPS RTK的动态解算精度已经达亚厘米级,能够运用在众多高精度测量及施工领域,如海底隧道沉管对接、高铁轨道测量等。但在高精度动态安装施工中,单台GPS RTK定位往往面临精度及可靠性问题。本文在海底沉箱对接GPS控制高程的施工中,就如何提高动态GPS高程精度及可靠性提出了一种利用多台GPS观测相关性的特征来计算改进控制高程精度及可靠性的方法,以达到水下设备高精度安装对接的安全可靠高效施工的目的。     

QZSS/IRNSS对BDS在中国定位性能增强的评估

通过STK软件对BDS、QZSS、IRNSS卫星星座结构仿真的基础上,选择BDS、BDS/QZSS、BDS/IRNSS、BDS/QZSS/IRNSS、QZSS/IRNSS等定位方式对中国大陆单观测站与整体范围最小可见卫星数、GDOP值、定位误差进行覆盖分析,确定了QZSS与IRNSS在我国的覆盖范围及对BDS定位性能增强作用的评估。结果表明,BDS/QZSS/IRNSS组合在我国的最小可见卫星数可达16~21颗,GDOP值在1.4~1.7之间,定位误差达5.5~7.5m,相比单BDS定位最小可见卫星数增加了6~8颗,GDOP值减小了0.3~0.5,定位精度提升了2.0~3.0m,对华南地区的定位性能有明显提升,而对东北等地区定位性能的提升较小。     

Response of runoff to climate change in the area of runoff yield in upstream Shiyang River Basin,Northwest China: A case study of the Xiying River

The objective of this study was to analyze the response of runoff in the area of runoff yield of the upstream Shiyang River basin to climate change and to promote sustainable development of regional water resources and ecological environment. As the biggest tributary of the Shiyang River, Xiying River is the only hydrological station (Jiutiaoling) that has provincial natural river and can achieve long time series monitoring data in the basin. The data obtained from this station is representative of natural conditions because it has little human activites. This study built a regression model through identifying the characteristics of runoff and climate change by using Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical test, cumulative anomaly, and correlation analysis. The results show that the average annual runoff is 320.6 million m³/a with the coefficient of variation of 0.18 and shows slightly decrease during 1956–2020. It has a significant positive correlation the average annual precipitation (P<0.01). Runoff is sensitive to climate change, and the climate has becoming warm and wet and annual runoff has entering wet period from 2003. Compared to the earlier period (1955–2000), the increases of average annual temperature, precipitation and runoff in recent two decades were 15%, 9.3%, and 7.8%, respectively. Runoff in the Shiyang River is affected by temperature and precipitation among climate factors, and the simulation results of the runoff-climate response model (R = 0.0052P ? 0.1589T + 2.373) indicate that higher temperature leads to a weakening of the ecological regulation of surface runoff in the flow-producing area.     

Mantle property of Hegenshan ophiolite in Inner Mongolia: Constrains from element geochemistry and Re-Os isotopes of harzburgiteSCIEI北大核心CSCD

贺根山蛇绿岩带是中亚造山带东部出露面积最大的晚古生代蛇绿岩带,然而研究者对它是大洋岩石圈的残余还是陆内岩石圈地幔伸展的产物仍存在较大争议,主要归因于一直缺少橄榄岩Re-Os同位素的有效制约。基于此,本文对贺根山蛇绿岩中方辉橄榄岩进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学和Re-Os同位素研究。方辉橄榄岩主要由橄榄石、斜方辉石、粗粒的铬尖晶石和少量单斜辉石组成。贺根山方辉橄榄岩具有难熔地球化学特征,显示出高的MgO(45.1%~48.1%)含量,低的CaO(0.09%~0.26%)和Al 2O 3(0.58%~0.90%)含量及Tb/Yb比值,低于原始上地幔的^(187)Os/^(188)Os(0.1236~0.1263)同位素组成;橄榄石具有较高的Fo值(91.0~91.7)和NiO含量(0.26%~0.48%),而且单斜辉石具有低的重稀土含量,暗示了贺根山方辉橄榄岩是尖晶石相陆下岩石圈地幔高程度(20%~30%)部分熔融的难熔残余。另外,方辉橄榄岩相对富集LREE和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素(例如Nb、Ta),且单斜辉石具有高Ti/Eu值和低的La/Yb,揭示了地幔源区受到硅酸盐熔体交代作用的改造。另一方面,方辉橄榄岩显示出相对年轻的Re亏损模式年龄,t RD为454~825Ma,表明贺根山地区岩石圈地幔形成的时代应该在0.8Ga之前,而后经历过多期熔体抽离和交代,与区域上大规模地壳增生时代吻合,可能是罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解的响应。结合蛇绿岩中大量深源矿物(金刚石等)和捕获锆石的存在、南北两侧一致的地质记录,本文认为贺根山方辉橄榄岩可能是陆内伸展环境下深部地幔物质上涌减压熔融的产物。     

高聚物外包盾构隧道离心机振动台试验研究

为了验证非水反应聚氨酯高聚物(后文简称高聚物)外包盾构隧道具有减震性能,对高聚物外包盾构隧道模型和无外包隧道模型,采用离心机振动台进行对比试验。针对中密砂土围岩,在不同阵型特征的地震波输入下,对比有无高聚物外包隧道加速度、频谱、隧道动力响应和地表沉降,分析高聚物的减震性能。试验结果表明:在不同地震激励的工况下,对于有无高聚物外包的隧道模型,其加速度和频谱差别不大;二者隧道各点上的动应变平均相差31.32%;高聚物外包层隧道模型地表的最终沉降分别比无外包隧道模型和自由场地表沉降约小20%和50%。试验证明高聚物对盾构隧道有减震作用,此试验研究为高聚物在今后的工程应用提供参考依据。     

2022年四川泸定MS6.8地震前地震活动与地球物理观测异常回顾与讨论

2022年9月5日四川泸定M_S6.8地震发生在2022年度全国地震重点危险区内,且震前作了较好的短期预测。本文回顾了中期(年度)和短期阶段地震活动和地球物理观测异常。①2022年度危险区确定的核心依据有川滇藏交界4级地震空区、危险区附近M_L≥3.5地震空区、跨断层形变趋势异常和重力场异常等,其中,川滇藏交界4级地震空区被2022年1月2日云南宁蒗M_S5.5地震打破具有中短期预测意义。②短期阶段,川滇藏交界4级地震空区经历了“打破—增强—平静”的演化过程,与1973年四川炉霍M_S7.6地震前高度相似,这可能与其发震构造相同、震源机制解一致和深部孕震环境相似有关。此外,还存在川滇地区震群和多个余震区准同步活动、巴塘显著震群等异常。地球物理观测方面,在2022年6月1日芦山M_S6.1和6月10日马尔康M_S6.0地震后,四川前兆异常无明显减少,而在7—8月显著增多,这可以作为强震后短期仍有可能再次发生强震的判定依据。新增异常主要分布在以三岔口(鲜水河断裂带、安宁河断裂带和龙门山断裂带交汇区,呈“Y”字形分布)为中心的300km范围内,这是震前短期地点预测的主要依据之一。③6.8级地震前形变中短期大幅度异常突出,且异常点均位于远场(距离6.8级地震震中130～300km范围内)。除礼州测距外,其余异常点均位于M_L3.5地震空区外围。形变异常出现的时间与M_L3.5地震空区打破后空区内部及边缘地震活动显著增强大体一致。④泸定6.8级地震发生在三岔口地区,该区及附近2015—2021年连续多年被确定为全国地震重点危险区,但均未发生预测地震,由此表明当前有效的强震年度(中期)时间预测依据少。     

2022年9月5日四川泸定MS6.8地震舆情分析

2022年9月5日12时52分,四川省甘孜州泸定县发生 M_S6.8地震,造成重大人员伤亡,引起社会公众的广泛关注。突发事件的信息发布和舆情引导越来越受到党和政府的高度重视,相关信息公开效率的影响甚至决定了事件处置的舆情发展。本研究以中国地震台网中心为舆情引导主体,对四川泸定 M_S6.8地震舆情进行分析研究,总结舆情引导经验,探讨突发地震舆情引导对地震部门有效开展震后应急的促进作用,以期为今后的防震减灾新闻宣传工作带来启示和思考。     

DEM studies on the effect of particle breakage on the critical state behaviours of granular soils under undrained shear conditions

Acta Geotechnica - A number of discrete element analyses of undrained triaxial shear tests on crushable assemblies are performed using 3-dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D). The undrained shear...