南京北郊冬季大气SO_2、NO_2和O_3的变化特征

利用差分吸收光谱仪DOAS(differential optical absorption spectroscopy),对2007年11月—2008年1月南京北郊大气SO2、NO2和O3进行了观测。结合Parsivel降水粒子谱仪和自动气象站的资料,对冬季大气污染气体的浓度变化规律及降水和风速风向对其的影响进行了分析。结果表明,南京北郊大气SO2浓度较高,呈明显双峰特征,分别在12时(北京时,下同)和00时达最大,受附近排放源的影响最大,东风及南风时比静风时SO2浓度更高。降水对SO2湿清除效果明显,清除系数平均为0.168 h-1。NO2气体呈明显单峰特征,在18时达最高值。南京北郊是NO2源区之一,主要受附近高速公路汽车尾气排放源的影响。静风时NO2浓度最高。O3浓度受NO2的影响较明显。O3日变化呈单峰特征,在15时达最大值,静风时O3浓度最低。降水对O3的间接影响较明显,在降水时,白天由于太阳辐射较弱,O3浓度降低;夜晚NO浓度较低,使得O3浓度升高。     

平流层准两年周期振荡对CH4双峰的影响

分析了1992～2001年1月HALOE(卤素掩星试验装置)的CH4资料,研究了CH4的多年平均分布,结果表明:CH4混合比在平流层下层较大,向上迅速减小.同时,中纬度与热带CH4混合比的等压面梯度也随着高度逐渐减小,甚至在平流层顶附近和平流层上层形成双峰,这在北半球的春夏季特别明显.作者用NCAR的SOCRTAES二维模式的模拟结果来分析CH4混合比在平流层顶和平流层上层形成双峰的机理.模式作了以下两个模拟,其一为没有热带纬向风场QBO(准两年振荡)的状况,其二为加入QBO强迫后的模拟.结果发现QBO引起的余差环流对CH4混合比在热带和副热带平流层顶和平流层上层的输送是影响CH4双峰的一个主要原因.     

乐山市地面风场特征及风能资源初探

利用乐山市1971~2005年整编风资料对乐山市各区县地面风场进行了全面分析,并对全市风能资源的分布情况进行了研究,旨在对今后乐山市风的预报及其相关服务有较好的帮助。     

"郑汴一体化"进程中生态廊道系统建设探讨

研究了废水中不同含盐量对生化处理效果以及生物学变化规律的影响.在废水含盐量低于22 g/L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在70%左右,污泥活性良好;随着进水盐浓度的增加,含盐量达到22 g/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降到50%左右;当废水含盐量达到31 g/L时,污泥活性明显受到抑制,污泥絮体开始部分解体,COD去除率下降到40%左右.     

基于贝叶斯网络分类的遥感影像变化检测

遥感成像过程中,地面、大气等诸多要素的不确定性和波段之间的相关性等原因影响了分类精度,导致变化检测的不准确性。为了提高分类精度往往需要引入先验知识。贝叶斯网络是一种新的数据表达和推理模型,对数据没有严格的正态分布前提要求,通过动态地调整先验概率密度,能有效提高分类精度。以北京通州地区1996-05-29和2001-05-19两个时相的陆地卫星Landsat TM遥感影像为例,介绍了基于贝叶斯网络的分类算法,并在此基础上实现了两个时相遥感影像的变化检测。实验结果表明:基于贝叶斯网络分类算法的后分类比较变化检测方法是遥感影像变化检测的一种新的有效方法。     

A Study on the Long-term Spectral Variability of the Black-hole Candidate X-ray Binary Cyg X-1

Using the All-Sky Monitor (ASM, 1.5–12–kev) data of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) from January 1996 to May 2005, we have made a detailed analysis of the correlation between photon-count rate and spectral hardness ratio HR2 (5–12 keV/3–5 keV) of the black-hole candidate X-ray binary Cyg X-1 in 3 energy bands, namely the A-band (1.5–3 keV), B-band (3–5 keV) and Cband (5–12 keV). By the study on the ASM data of 1-day time scale, we find: (1) When Cyg X-1 is in the soft state, the A-band photon-count rate and hardness ratio HR2 exhibit an anticorrelation, but in B-band and C-band there appears the positive correlation. When Cyg X-1 is in hard state, the photon-count rates in the A,B,C bands are all inversely correlated with the hardness ratio HR2; (2) No matter whether Cyg X-1 is in the soft state or the hard state, the hardness ratios HR2 and HR1 are always positively correlated. In addition, we have analyzed the “dwell by dwell” data of the ASM, and obtained the following interesting results: (1) In the period of MJD = 52600–52760 (while Cyg X-1 is in the hard state), the photon-count rates in the A-band and B-band are inversely correlated with HR2, but in the C-band there appears a relatively strong positive correlation; (2) During the hard state, a clear anticorrelation exists between the hardness ratios HR2 and HR1.     

The causality between the rapid rotation of a sunspot and an X3.4 flare

Using multi-wavelength data of Hinode, the rapid rotation of a sunspot in ac-tive region NOAA 10930 is studied in detail. We found extraordinary counterclockwise rotation of the sunspot with positive polarity before an X3.4 flare. From a series of vector magnetograms, it is found that magnetic force lines are highly sheared along the neu-tral line accompanying the sunspot rotation. Furthermore, it is also found that sheared loops and an inverse S-shaped magnetic loop in the corona formed gradually after the sunspot rotation. The X3.4 flare can be reasonably regarded as a result of this movement. A detailed analysis provides evidence that sunspot rotation leads to magnetic field linestwisting in the photosphere. The twist is then transported into the corona and triggers flares.