新疆天山地区不同海拔黄土记录的末次冰消期以来的环境演变

新疆天山地区是中亚干旱区的重要组成部分,在研究全球环境变化和区域气候方面具有重要意义。选取天山地区不同海拔的3个黄土剖面,结合磁学参数、粒度、碳酸盐、总有机碳含量,探讨该区域地形对粉尘堆积和气候环境的影响以及末次冰消期以来的环境演变。结果表明：1）在天山北麓,磁化率、粒度和总有机碳含量变化指示海拔相对较高的黄土沉积对湿润气候环境更加敏感;2）伊犁盆地由于相对湿润的气候环境,其黄土沉积磁化率高于天山北麓,体现了地形因素的重要作用;3）新疆天山地区海拔较高的黄土沉积响应轨道和亚轨道尺度气候变化,各指标均指示末次冰消期以来气候环境由干冷向暖湿转变;在亚轨道尺度上尤其是中晚全新世,湿度逐渐增加。

     

新的金矿类型——与碱性岩有关的金矿床

与碱性岩有关的金矿床是近年来发现的新类型金矿床。在综合分析国内外资料的基础上，阐述了碱性岩对金矿成矿的控制作用、与碱性岩有关的金矿床特征、找矿标志和成矿模型等。     

1998年6月28日～7月2日淮河流域暴雨分析

文中对比分析了 1998年 6月 2 8～ 2 9日和 7月 1～ 2日淮河水循环试验期间两次特大暴雨过程的天气形势、红外卫星云图上降水云系的特征及其水汽来源。结果表明 :(1) 6月底的暴雨是一次东移的西南低涡引发的暖性切变线降水 ,β中尺度对流系统起主要作用。 7月初的暴雨过程是一次移动缓慢的锋面降水 ,锋面上有中尺度的云团活动 ,这是一次大中尺度系统相互作用的结果。 (2 )两场特大暴雨的水汽源地都为中国南海北部地区 ,而强度达到18～ 2 2m/s的西南低空急流是水汽的输送带。     

冈底斯东段南部第三纪夕卡岩型Cu-Au±Mo矿床地质特征、矿物组合及其深部找矿意义

在冈底斯Cu-Au成矿带东南部的山南地区分布有克鲁、劣布、冲木达和陈坝等中到大型Cu-Au±Mo矿床。与含铜夕卡岩有关的侵入岩形成于20~30Ma之间,为高钾钙碱性中酸性浅成岩,形成于印-亚大陆碰撞晚期构造背景。矿化赋存于岩体外接触带下白垩统比马组的碳酸盐岩和其他钙质岩石内。主要矿化类型为夕卡岩型、热液脉型和斑岩型,构成完整的斑岩-夕卡岩、热液脉状铜-金(钼)多金属成矿体系,矿化组合主要为Cu-Mo、Cu-Au和Cu。外接触带的蚀变以夕卡岩化、角岩化为主,而内接触带上主要为岩体的绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化等,内夕卡岩不发育。夕卡岩化可分为早期夕卡岩和晚期含水硅酸盐阶段。早期夕卡岩主要为钙铁、钙铝石榴石夕卡岩,含少量透辉石、磁铁矿等,晚期的含水硅酸盐阶段主要是绿泥石-绿帘石、方解石、石英交代石榴石夕卡岩,并伴随含铜硫化物的沉淀,为本区夕卡岩型铜矿形成的主要阶段。含铜硫化物以富含斑铜矿为特征,Au、Ag主要赋存于斑铜矿、硫铋铜矿及黄铜矿等矿物中。山南地区的夕卡岩型铜-金矿床均为浅部夕卡岩,在某些夕卡岩型铜金矿床中显示了斑岩型矿化的存在,可能暗示该区的夕卡岩型矿化与北带相似,具有统一的斑岩型-夕卡岩型成矿系统。因此本区具有在深部寻找斑岩型金矿的可能性,而且找矿潜力较大。     

Paleofire indicated by triterpenes and charcoal in a culture bed in eastern Kunlun Mountain, Northwest China

A series of biomarkers were analyzed in the 4000 a B.P. loess sediments in Balong, Dulan County at the north of the eastern Kunlun Mountain in Northwest China using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Olean-2,13 (18)-ene, olean-2,12-ene, urs-2,12-ene and 5α14α17 α20R-stigmasterane identified in an ancient culture bed were observed in association with charcoal grains, believed to be the products of paleofire due to the anthropogenic activity in Qijia culture. These triterpenes were proposed to be derived from dehydration of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid present in angiosperms, and 5α14α17α20R-stigmasterane was derived from stenols; they both were formed during incomplete combustion. The n-alkane distributions show a shift in the dominant carbon from C₂₇ or C₂₉ to C₃₁, indicative of the abrupt change in paleovegetation from woody to herbaceous plants driven by the changing paleoclimate at 4000 a B.P. after the Holocene Optimum. Coincidently, the Qijia agriculture culture began to collapse during the 200-year cooling and dryness, and was replaced by nomadism in the mountainous area. The paleofire identified is such a record as to document the change of ancient culture induced by paleoclimate change.     

Late Quaternary river terrace sequences in the eastern Kunlun Range,northern Tibet: A combined record of climatic change and surface uplift

The Kunlun Range, a reactivated orogenic belt, constitutes the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The extreme relief and major landforms of the Kunlun Range are a product of late Cenozoic tectonics and erosion. However, well-developed late Quaternary terraces that occur along the northern slope of the Kunlun Range probably resulted from climatic change rather than surface uplift. The terrace sequences formed in thick Quaternary valley fills and have total incision depths of 50–60 m. Optically stimulated luminescence dating was employed to place time controls on the valley fills and associated terraces. Dating results suggest that periods of significant aggradation were synchronous between different rivers and correspond to the last glacial stage. The abrupt change from aggradation to incision occurred between 21.9 ± 2.7 and 16 ± 2.2 ka, coincident with the last glacial–interglacial transition. Additional terraces developed during the late glacial period and early to middle Holocene. Based on a broader set of chronological data in northern Tibet, at least four regional incision periods can be recognized. Chronological data, terrace elevation profiles, and climate proxy records suggest that these terracing periods were triggered by cool and/or wet climatic conditions. A geometric survey of the riverbed longitudinal profile suggests that surface uplift serves as a potential dynamic forcing for long-term incision. A model is proposed for terrace formation as a response to climatic perturbation in an uplifted mountain range.     

高水报汛曲线毫米格数字化图绘制方法

针对水文基层单位传统绘制高水报汛曲线图中存在的缺陷与不足,利用CAD强大的绘图功能和EXCEL海量的数据存储、计算功能,提出了制作水文高水报汛曲线毫米格数字化图采用的软件、方法、原理、技术、流程等内容,此方法的应用提高了水文高水报汛曲线的绘图精度和效率。     

密云水库蓄水型增水作业效果分析

为缓解北京市水资源短缺的矛盾,在密云水库流域进行了大规模的飞机、火箭蓄水型人工增雨作业。由于2种工具作业影响区域在时、空上互相覆盖,所以需研究对飞机、火箭增雨作业综合评估方法。此方法依据长序列历史资料和较长作业资料,分别对飞机和火箭增雨效果进行统计分析,以其分析结果为基础,使用催化覆盖面积加权法分析综合增雨率,得出2004年密云水库流域增雨作业可增加降水量13%左右。     

A preliminary study on stocks of round scad Decapterus maruadsi from Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground

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宽肩台式抛石防波堤稳定性的试验研究

宽肩台式无人工护面块体的抛石防波堤是一种新型结构的斜坡堤,它是靠在波浪长期作用下最终形成的动力平衡断面来防浪的。大连北良粮食中转港系银行贷款建设的项目,该港的防波堤采用了宽肩台式结构,这在我国尚属首例。本文为该港宽肩台式防波堤设计方案稳定性的试验研究成果。