Laboratory testing and numerical simulation of properties and thermal-induced cracking of Eibenstock granite at elevated temperatures

The knowledge about thermo-mechanical properties of granite is still limited to some extent. Individual measurements are necessary to obtain reliable properties for specific granite types. A reliable numerical model of thermal cracking behaviours of granite exposed to extreme high temperatures (e.g. 800–1000 °C) is missing. In this study, the impact of temperature up to 1000 °C on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties as well as thermo-mechanical coupled behaviour of Eibenstock granite was investigated by laboratory testing and numerical simulations. The physical properties including mineral composition, density, P-wave velocity, and open porosity are measured to be temperature dependent. Uniaxial compression and Brazilian tests were carried out to measure uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus, stress–strain relationship, and tensile strength of Eibenstock granite before and after thermal treatment, respectively. Thermal properties including specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and linear thermal expansion coefficient are also measured and found to be temperature dependent, especially the expansion coefficient which shows a steep increase around 573 °C as well as at 870 °C. The numerical simulation code FLAC^3D was used to develop a numerical scheme to simulate the thermal-induced damage of granite at high temperatures. Statistical methods combined with real mineral composition were used to characterize the heterogeneity of granite. The numerical model is featured with reliable temperature-dependent parameters obtained from laboratory tests. It can well reproduce the laboratory results in form of thermal-induced micro- and macrocracks, as well as the stress–strain behaviour and the final failure pattern of Eibenstock granite after elevated temperatures up to 1000 °C. The simulation results also reveal that the thermal-induced microcracks are randomly distributed across the whole sample. Although most thermal-induced damages are tensile failures, shear failure begins to develop quickly after 500 °C. The obvious UCS reduction in granite due to heating is mainly caused by the increase in shear failure. The simulation also shows that the dominant impact of α–β quartz transition is widening pre-existing cracks rather than the formation of new microcracks.

     

Estimation of tensile strength of sandy soil from soil–water characteristic curve

Acta Geotechnica - During heavy rainfalls, the surface soil on a slope may be eroded and the erosion is much dependent on the tensile strength of soil. In addition, the tensile strength of soil is...     

Neural network–based prediction methods for height of water-flowing fractured zone caused by underground coal mining

Low-Ca clinopyroxene crystal of pigeonite composition has been discovered in the Tchabal Mbabo volcano massif of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), a long a     

水文测站基本水准点校测及引测问题分析

对水文测站引据水准点变更情况下基本水准点校测及引据水准点较远时基本水准点引测的相关问题进行了分析。提出由于基本水准点具有冻结的"不变性",用不同的引据水准点校测基本水准点,基本水准点冻结高程应保持不变;用引据水准点新设基本水准点时,当引据水准点距离较远时,测验高差应进行平差处理。     

动态古地貌再造: Badlands软件在盆地分析中的应用*

近几年来的研究发现,当存在较强的构造活动时,古地理特征变化将会加快,而常规方法很难对这一构造活动过程中的古地理和古地貌进行有效的恢复和研究。Basin and Landscape Dynamics(Badlands)软件正是基于前人的研究工作而开发的一款数值模拟软件,用于模拟各种空间和时间尺度的地貌演化。它可用于研究地表演化过程、预测侵蚀和沉积速率并评估沉积物通量,从而实现对古地理和古地貌进行更为精细化的研究。笔者介绍了Badlands软件的基本原理和方法,并将此方法应用于东海陆架盆地南部中生代地貌及地质演化过程的研究: 首先利用研究区域内现有的地震剖面、测井、平衡剖面等资料获得中生代早期的古地形;再通过恢复的古地形构建数值模型,并加载降雨量、岩石侵蚀性、海平面变化、动力地形调整和地壳弹性层厚度等相关参数进行模拟研究,以分析强烈的构造运动对盆地地貌演化的影响;最后对比模拟结果与已知的中生代的地貌特征和沉积分布,并据此进一步分析中生代盆地演化过程中的沉积物分布规律以及三维古地理和古地貌演化特征。该方法可以为沉积盆地充填过程分析和能源矿产勘探提供有益的思路。     

三维地图服务系统的研究与实现

提出并建立一个基于融合地形影像、高程、模型、矢量等数据场景的三维地图服务系统,提供三维基本功能、二三维联动以及数据共享管理等服务。本文主要研究三维地图服务系统的具体划分和实现方式,不仅实现各类三维数据的统一调用,而且更直观、快捷地为三维应用系统提供服务接口,高效地构建三维地理信息服务平台。     

Tropical Cyclone in the North of the South China Sea as a Factor Affecting the Structure of the Vietnamese Current

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Tropical cyclones play a significant role in the formation of the hydrodynamic regime of the South China Sea, including its western part, which is...     

基于拉格朗日分析法的中尺度涡精细三维结构研究及其误差估计

在前人的工作中,拉格朗日分析法被用来演示大尺度环流,同时拉格朗日拟序结构可以较好的演示中尺度涡两维结构的发展过程。然而,很少研究关注怎么利用拉格朗日分析法针对中尺度涡三维结构进行演示。与以往利用欧拉方法研究中尺度涡三维结构的工作不同,我们利用拉格朗日分析法,从另一个视角来研究涡旋结构。我们在海山上方模拟出一个理想的气旋涡,涡旋内的下沉流和涡旋旁的上升流形成一个闭合的环流。这种结构很难从欧拉角度来演示。然而,粒子的运动轨迹很好地展示了整个循环:流体在涡旋中旋转下沉,汇聚到底层的上升流区,并通过上升流返回到海表面。我们也将拉格朗日分析法应用于真实的模拟结果中。作为中国南海的一个重要现象,靠近越南中部的海域中的偶极子（反气旋涡/气旋涡）,关于其结构的研究已经比较成熟了,但这些研究主要关注的是海面过程。通过拉格朗日分析,我们很好的演示了偶极子的三维结构:流体在反气旋涡(气旋涡)内部旋转上升(下沉)。更重要的是,粒子的轨迹表明,这两个涡旋之间不存在水团交换,因为强边界急流将它们彼此分开。以上结论均得到了计算误差估计的可信度支持。尽管在强辐散流和强垂直扩散流中,计算误差逐渐增大,但是在一定的时间步长和积分周期内,计算误差始终保持在一个较小的值。     

基于GIS的宁波梅山岛工程建设地质适宜性评价

从地质条件、地质环境及地质资源等多角度出发,建立包括地形地貌工程地质、水文地质、不良地质作用和地质灾害、活动断裂和地震效应、岸线资源等6个评价要素,15个评价因子,4个因子划分等级的多层次海岛工程建设地质适宜性评价指标体系,并利用GIS空间分析技术对宁波梅山岛进行评价。在此基础上,叠加梅山岛生态红线管控区,将二级管控区划分为适宜性差区。评价结果表明：梅山岛工程建设适宜性总体良好,适宜-较适宜工程建设区面积占比达75.5%,可满足近期规划建设用地需求;近深水岸线区均为适宜-较适宜,其中未开发利用长度6.1 km,可有效支撑梅山岛国际港口城市新城区建设。该评价结果可为梅山岛的开发利用及生态保护提供科学依据,同时对完善工程建设地质适宜性评价体系具有一定的理论意义。     

Evolution of transitional institutions for urban land redevelopment in China—Case in Guangzhou

Building effective institutions for markets is a great challenge to China's transitional economy. China's ex-perience in establishing urban land markets is characterized by trial and error and the gradual evolution of transitional institutions. Based on archive data and interviews in a neighborhood (Jinhuajie) of Guangzhou, this research reveals that China's land redevelopment in the past two decades has followed an approach of partial and gradual reform, which was structured by the gradual evolution of transitional institutions to speed up local land redevelopment within the ex-isting property fights system. Transitional institutions, including highly compensated residents' land use rights, in-kind land lease payment, flexible control on development rights of developers and short-term actual ownership of work units, are generated by the local government sequentially to dispel existing land use rights of different land users and make further development be able to follow market mechanisms.