Effect of wave amplitude on turbulent flow in a wavy channel by direct numerical simulation

The present study numerically investigates the characteristics of three-dimensional turbulent flow in a wavy channel. For the purpose of a careful observation of the effect of the wave amplitude on the turbulent flow, numerical simulations are performed at a various range of the wave amplitude to wavelength ratio (0.01?α/λ?0.05), where the wavelength is fixed with the same value of the mean channel height (H). The immersed boundary method is used to handle the wavy surface in a rectangular grid system, using the finite volume method. The Reynolds number (Re=U_bH/ν) based on the bulk velocity (U_b) is fixed at 6760. The present computational results for a wavy surface are well compared with those of references. When α/λ=0.02, the small recirculating flow occurs near the trough at the instant, but the mean reverse flow is not observed. In the mean flow field, the reverse flow appears from α/λ=0.03 among the wave amplitude considered in this study. The domain of the mean reverse flow defined by the locations of separation and reattachment depends strongly on the wave amplitude. The pressure drag coefficient augments with increasing the wave amplitude. The friction drag coefficient shows the increase and decrease behavior according to the wave amplitude. The quantitative information about the flow variables such as the distribution of pressure and shear stress on the wavy surface is highlighted.     

Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.     

Small-scale marine fisheries policy in Vietnam

Vietnam's marine fisheries are considered to be small scale and are concentrated in coastal near-shore waters. This has resulted in heavy pressure on near-shore fisheries resources. Near-shore fisheries are considered by fishers and the government to be over-exploited, causing hardship for many coastal communities. This paper reviews and analyzes changes in policy towards small-scale fisheries in Vietnam over the last two decades. The primary issues facing the small-scale fisheries in Vietnam are to restructure the near-shore fisheries and to address over-capacity. Recommended actions include improved fisheries statistics, resources for provincial fisheries staff, and a coordinated and integrated approach involving a mixed strategy of resource management; resource restoration; economic and community development; and new governance arrangements.     

深海液压主从式机械手控制器

深海主从式机械手控制器是一个比较复杂的系统,可靠性要求高.分析了美国Schilling机械手的特点,介绍了研制的一台6自由度的机械手控制器的硬件电路和软件算法.该控制器运行稳定.机械手动作精度、速度满足使用要求.     

土壤侵蚀危险度的计算与影响因子分析——以福建安溪红壤水土流失区为例

随着国家对生态环境的重视和水土保持科学的发展,有关土壤侵蚀危险性评价的研究越来越重要。本文对土壤侵蚀危险度评价的一般方法进行了改进。首先,分析了安溪县各强度等级的土壤侵蚀在高程、坡度、土地利用类型和土壤类型的面积分布情况,计算了不同高程带、不同坡度、不同土地利用类型和土壤类型的土壤侵蚀综合指数然后,以各影响因子的土壤侵蚀综合指数为权重,计算了不同侵蚀影响因子在安溪县各子流域的土壤侵蚀危险度,既避免了权重确定的主观性,又保证了土壤侵蚀危险度的计算适合当地的实际情况,从而明确了各子流域土壤侵蚀发生的可能程度最后,依据土壤侵蚀危险度和土壤侵蚀强度的分布规律,对整个研究区进行了水土保持分区,提出了治理方向。     

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QOCA和GLOBK软件处理高精度GNSS网结果对比分析

分别利用GLOBK和QOCA软件对陆态网络260个基准站的GNSS观测数据进行处理,获得站点在ITRF2008框架下的坐标和速度。通过比较分析两个软件的解算结果,证明了QOCA 软件能更好地处理测站位移的非线性变化,并通过拟合周年、半年项、剔除共模误差等手段提高解算精度。结果表明,相比于GLOBK软件,QOCA软件得到的拟合残差序列的RMS在E、N、U 3个方向上分别减小70%、80%和70%。     

基于CMONOC建立和评估中国大陆地壳运动速度场模型

针对现有速度场模型采用数据少、现势性不强的问题,详细论述了速度场模型建立的数据获取与处理方法,利用中国大陆地壳运动监测网络中260个连续运行基准站2011~2015年的连续观测数据,采用GAMIT/GLOBK与GMT软件,获得高精度的定位及速度成果,并基于上述速度成果采用克里金插值法构建了中国大陆地壳运动速度场1°×1°格网模型。最后利用IERS公布的中国区域7个IGS站实测速度以及全国范围内均匀分布的陆态网络区域站实测速度,对模型内插结果进行检核,验证了模型的现势性、精确性和可靠性。     

《军官地图集》电子版的设计

本文系统阐述了《军官地图集》电子版的设计和研制中的若干问题,包括《军官地图集》电子版的总体设计、数据库设计、自动分幅设计以及专题图设计等。总体设计主要包括系统的结构设计、地理数据库设计、各功能模块设计等几部分。在地图集系统中,多比例尺海量地理数据的应用必然要求有强大的数据库支持,系统中采用了易于存储、便于管理的数据结构,并对数据库的各类数据描述表进行了详细说明。自动分幅设计是电子地图集的一个新功能,本文提出了电子地图集的分幅方式:经纬线分幅、矩形分幅、名称分幅和区域分幅,并阐述了它们各自的优缺点。《军官地图集》电子版中的专题地图在设计上突出了图集的系统性和军事特色,本文提出了该电子版中专题地图设计的原则和方法。根据该电子版的设计和制作过程,同时提出了电子地图集制作的步骤,并阐明了电子地图集设计中的不足和发展方向。     

基于直线感知增强的边缘提取算法

根据视觉识别边缘的感知特性,提出了一种基于直线感知增强的弱边缘的边缘提取算法。借鉴视觉的直线感知方式,针对弱边缘整体上呈直线分布的特点将其筛选出来,进行编组、连接和扩展。与Edison边缘提取算子的比较实验证明,本算法在对弱边缘的提取和虚假边缘的抑制上有显著增强。