全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11008篇 |
免费 | 2116篇 |
国内免费 | 2756篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 790篇 |
大气科学 | 2354篇 |
地球物理 | 2990篇 |
地质学 | 5527篇 |
海洋学 | 1538篇 |
天文学 | 493篇 |
综合类 | 1097篇 |
自然地理 | 1091篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 70篇 |
2023年 | 252篇 |
2022年 | 485篇 |
2021年 | 590篇 |
2020年 | 489篇 |
2019年 | 514篇 |
2018年 | 579篇 |
2017年 | 523篇 |
2016年 | 632篇 |
2015年 | 494篇 |
2014年 | 673篇 |
2013年 | 630篇 |
2012年 | 540篇 |
2011年 | 606篇 |
2010年 | 613篇 |
2009年 | 617篇 |
2008年 | 537篇 |
2007年 | 521篇 |
2006年 | 424篇 |
2005年 | 426篇 |
2004年 | 303篇 |
2003年 | 305篇 |
2002年 | 345篇 |
2001年 | 351篇 |
2000年 | 354篇 |
1999年 | 519篇 |
1998年 | 457篇 |
1997年 | 431篇 |
1996年 | 428篇 |
1995年 | 324篇 |
1994年 | 321篇 |
1993年 | 289篇 |
1992年 | 254篇 |
1991年 | 206篇 |
1990年 | 166篇 |
1989年 | 137篇 |
1988年 | 117篇 |
1987年 | 59篇 |
1986年 | 69篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1962年 | 5篇 |
1958年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
361.
362.
Salinity is a vital factor that regulates leaf photosynthesis and growth of mangroves, and it frequently undergoes large seasonal and daily fluctuations creating a range of environments – oligohaline to hyperhaline. Here, we examined the hypotheses that mangroves benefit opportunistically from low salinity resulting from daily fluctuations and as such, mangroves under daily fluctuating salinity (FS) grow better than those under constant salinity (CS) conditions. We compared growth, salt accumulation, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza seedlings growing in freshwater (FW), CS (15 practical salinity units, PSU), and daily FS (0–30 PSU, average of 4.8 PSU) conditions. The traits of FS-treated leaves were measured in seedlings under 15 PSU. FS-treated seedlings had greater leaf biomass than those in other treatment groups. Moreover, leaf photosynthetic rate, capacity to regulate photoelectron uptake/transfer, and leaf succulence were significantly higher in FS than in CS treatment. However, leaf water-use efficiency showed the opposite trend. In addition to higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl−, FS-treated leaves accumulated more Ca2+ and K+. We concluded that daily FS can enhance water absorption, photosynthesis, and growth of leaves, as well as alter plant biomass allocation patterns, thereby positively affecting B. gymnorhiza. Mangroves that experience daily FS may increase their adaptability by reducing salt build-up and water deficits when their roots are temporally subjected to low salinity or FW and by absorbing sufficient amounts of Na+ and Cl− for osmotic adjustment when their roots are subsequently exposed to saline water. 相似文献
363.
364.
365.
The traditional theory of soil arching effect was developed on the assumption that stress distribution in the loosening zone is uniform. However, because of the deflection of principal stress' direction, the stress distribution in the loosening zone is actually ununiform. For the evaluation of principal stress axis deflection and stress redistribution, a discrete element method numerical model of trapdoor problem is established for the simulation of soil arching effect. Based on the numerical results, an arc shape of major principal stress trajectory and uniform horizontal stress distribution at the same depth of the loosening zone are adopted. An analytical model is raised to estimate the average loosening earth pressure acting on the trapdoor and stress distribution in the loosening zone at a limit state. In addition, comparison studies are carried out between the predictions of the proposed solutions and discrete element method numerical results as well as available model test results, thereby validating the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model. Both numerical and theoretical results indicate that the vertical stress distribution in the loosening zone is obviously ununiform. The load acting in the middle of loosening zone is transferred toward two sides so that the vertical stress distribution in loosening zone is concave. 相似文献
366.
Submarine groundwater discharge revealed by aerial thermal infrared imagery: a case study on Jeju Island,Korea 下载免费PDF全文
Eunhee Lee Ki‐mook Kang Sung Pil Hyun Kil‐Yong Lee Heesung Yoon Seung Hee Kim Yongcheol Kim Zhen Xu Duk‐jin Kim Dong‐Chan Koh Kyoochul Ha 《水文研究》2016,30(19):3494-3506
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a global phenomenon that carries large volumes of groundwater and dissolved chemical species such as nutrient, metals, and organic compounds to coastal zones. We report the influence of SGD on the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, using high‐resolution aerial thermal infrared (TIR) mapping techniques and field investigations. An aircraft‐based system was implemented using a cost‐effective TIR camera for aerial TIR mapping. Ground‐based calibrations and system integration with GPS/IMU (global positioning system/inertial measurement unit) were performed for the aerial systems. The aerial surveys showed distinct low‐temperature signatures of SGD along the coasts of Jeju Island, revealing large groundwater inputs from the coastal aquifers to the ocean. Multiple aerial surveys over a range of seasons and tidal stages revealed that SGD rates dynamically affect the sea surface temperature (SST) of the coastal zone. The in‐situ measurements supported that SGD has a substantial influence on the coastal water chemistry as well as SST. Our observations highlight the extent to which aerial‐based TIR mapping can serve as a powerful tool for studying SGD and other coastal processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
367.
368.
369.
The root‐zone moisture replenishment mechanisms are key unknowns required to understand soil hydrological processes and water sources used by plants. Temporal patterns of root‐zone moisture replenishment reflect wetting events that contribute to plant growth and survival and to catchment water yield. In this study, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of twigs and throughfall were continuously monitored to characterize the seasonal variations of the root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate in South Australia. The two studied hillslopes (the north‐facing slope [NFS] and the south‐facing slope [SFS]) had different environmental conditions with opposite aspects. The twig and throughfall samples were collected every ~20 days over 1 year on both hillslopes. The root‐zone moisture replenishment, defined as percentage of newly replenished root‐zone moisture as a complement to antecedent moisture for plant use, calculated by an isotope balance model, was about zero (±25% for the NFS and ± 15% for the SFS) at the end of the wet season (October), increased to almost 100% (±26% for the NFS and ± 29% for the SFS) after the dry season (April and May), then decreased close to zero (±24% for the NFS and ± 28% for the SFS) in the middle of the following wet season (August). This seasonal pattern of root‐zone moisture replenishment suggests that the very first rainfall events of the wet season were significant for soil moisture replenishment and supported the plants over wet and subsequent dry seasons, and that NFS completed replenishment over a longer time than SFS in the wet season and depleted the root zone moisture quicker in the dry season. The stable oxygen isotope composition of the intraevent samples and twigs further confirms that rain water in the late wet season contributed little to root‐zone moisture. This study highlights the significant role of the very first rain events in the early wet season for ecosystem and provides insights to understanding ecohydrological separation, catchment water yield, and vegetation response to climate changes. 相似文献
370.
Yi--> Tian Wenbing Wu Guosheng Jiang M. Hesham El Naggar Guoxiong Mei Meijuan Xu Rongzhu Liang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(8):1170-1183
In engineering practice, a rapid loading rate can result in ground failure when the strength of soft soils is relatively low, and a multistage loading scheme is always utilized to deal with this situation. Firstly, under a multistage load and the continuous drainage boundary, an analytical solution of excess pore-water pressure and consolidation degree is obtained by virtue of the superposition formula of excess pore-water pressure, and a more general continuous drainage boundary under arbitrary time-dependent load is developed. Then, a comparison with existing analytical solutions is conducted to verify the present solution. A preliminary attempt on applying the continuous drainage boundary into the finite element model is made, and the feasibility of the numerical model for the one-dimensional consolidation under the continuous drainage boundary is verified by comparing the results calculated by FEM with that from present analytical solution. Finally, the consolidation behavior of soil is investigated in detail for different int erface parameters or loading scheme. The results show that, in land reclamation projects, a horizontal drain should be placed close to the boundary with a smaller interface parameter to improve the consolidation efficiency. The degree of consolidation is also related to the applied time-dependent load and interface parameters. 相似文献