民房震害预测专家评定统计模型的探讨

本文针对专家评定意见有一定伸缩性的特点,将专家意见表示为评定论域上的模糊子集,利用可能性相加原理,对专家意见进行了统计分析,得出综合性的意见。结果表明,利用伸缩性提供的丰富信息,可以较好地总结专家意见。基于几种模型的仿真可靠性分析结果,本文推荐可靠性最高的模型作为城市平房震害预测统计手段。     

景观生态建设与生物多样性保护

２１世纪的景观生态学应该对环境建设有设计能力的学科。遵循适应自然、互利共生、调整结构改善功能与局部控制协调整体等景观生态建设的原理进行景观生态建设是积极的对生物多样性予以保护。     

头台子—沈旦堡地区油气运移研究

本文对生油岩的特征和分布进行了研究,并论述了头沈地区的油气是以纵向运移和横向运移的方式通过多期次发育的断层由长滩洼陷运移而来。     

荒漠地带封沙育草区放牧利用的探讨

根据调查与观测结果,认为荒漠地带的封沙育草区应适当加以利用。在各种利用方式中,放牧是最佳的利用方式。并探讨了放牧利用中应注意的一些问题。     

中国稻田甲烷产生和排放研究 Ⅱ.模式研究和减排措施

主要介绍了近 2 0年来稻田甲烷排放的模式研究和排放量的估算以及减少稻田甲烷排放的措施。数值模式是估算稻田甲烷排放量的一条有效途径 ,模式的研究现在正处于发展阶段。介绍了几个主要的模型 ,既有物理过程模型也有经验模型。年排放量的估算范围为 6 79～ 4 1 4Tg ,随着技术的发展和大量实验的进行估算值的精度正得到不断的提高。减排措施是减少稻田甲烷排放的必要手段 ,但是目前的减排技术均处于研究阶段 ,应用还不成熟     

Statistical moment-based structural damage detection method in time domain

A novel structural damage detection method with a new damage index,i.e.,the statistical moment-based damage detection(SMBDD) method in the frequency domain,has been recently proposed.The aim of this study is to extend the SMBDD method in the frequency domain to the time domain for building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations.The applicability and effectiveness of the SMBDD method in the time domainis verified both numerically and experimentally.Shear buildings with various damage scenarios are first numerically investigated in the time domain taking into account the effect of measurement noise.The applicability of the proposed method in the time domain to building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations is then experimentally investigated through a series of shaking table tests,in which two three-story shear building models with four damage scenarios aretested.The identified damage locations and severities are then compared with the preset values.The comparative results are found to be satisfactory,and the SMBDD method is shown to be feasible and effective for building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations.     

各向异性和倾斜界面介质中P波质点运动的理论模拟与应用

P波质点运动已经成为研究地震台站下方浅部地壳S波速度结构的一种重要手段.然而,现有研究主要基于水平层状各向同性介质的假设,对于各向异性和倾斜界面对P波质点运动的影响仍缺乏系统研究.本文通过理论模拟初步研究了各向异性和倾斜界面情况下的P波质点运动特征.模拟结果表明,各向异性和倾斜界面会使P波质点运动随反方位发生周期性变化,而且这种变化具有频率依赖性,反映了结构的垂向变化.四川盆地是研究青藏高原生长与物质外向逃逸的重要场所.本研究以盆地内部的宽频带流动地震台站S124为例,探讨利用P波质点运动研究浅部地壳各向异性和界面几何结构的可行性.研究结果显示,台站下方~4-5 km以浅的地壳具有明显各向异性（~20%）,且其快轴方向（近东西向）与川中走滑断裂带走向一致.这表明研究区浅部地壳的变形模式可能主要受到断裂构造的控制.本研究的理论模拟和初步应用均表明,利用不同频率P波质点运动的反方位变化能够有效约束浅部地壳的各向异性和/或界面几何结构.

     

On the timing of the East Asian summer monsoon maximum during the Holocene—Does the speleothem oxygen isotope record reflect monsoon rainfall variability?

The evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) during the Holocene has long been of significant interest.Knowledge of past EASM variability not only increases our understanding of monsoon dynamics on a long timescale,but it also provides an environmental and climatic background for research into Chinese cultural development.However,the timing of the EASM maximum remains controversial.The popular concept of an "early Holocene maximum" is mainly based on speleothemδ~(18)O(δ~(18)O_c) records from caves in southern China;however,the interpretation of δ~(18)O_C as a reliable proxy for EASM intensity is being increasingly challenged.The present paper is a critical review of the climatic significance of the δ~(18)O_C record from China.Firstly,we suggest that precipitation in northern China is an appropriate index of EASM intensity,the variation of which clearly indicates a mid-Holocene monsoon maximum.Secondly,an interregional comparison demonstrates that the precipitation record in northern China is quite different from that in southern China on a range of timescales,and is inconsistent with the spatial similarity exhibited by speleothem oxygen isotope records.Furthermore,both modeling and observational data show that the δ~(18)O_C records from southern China indeed reflect changes in precipitation δ~(18)O(δ~(18)O_P) rather than precipitation amount,and therefore that their use as an EASM proxy is inappropriate.Finally,we address several significant monsoon-related issues-including the driving mechanism of the EASM on an orbital timescale,the climatic significance of speleothem oxygen isotopes,and the relationship between atmospheric circulation and precipitation in monsoonal regions.     

大连新港的红粘土及其工程特性的形成

在大连新港油罐区的建设中,发现了一种具有高孔隙性、高含水量、高塑性、中低压缩性的特殊土。作者对这种土及其母岩的矿物学、岩石学、地球化学、物理化学和工程特性进行了系统研究,揭示了该区红粘土及其工程特性的形成机理,该区红粘土乃是蒙脱石化的粗玄岩,在中温带气候区红土花作用的产物。