内蒙古地区T639气象要素预报性能评估检验

通过T639模式预报产品在内蒙古地区降水量、2 m温度、相对湿度和10 m风向、风速及降水过程预报效果的适用性研究,得出以下结论,温度和相对湿度预报的准确率较风向、风速明显偏高,温度和相对湿度预报的误差系统偏小,风速预报误差偏大的概率较大;降水量的预报准确率随降水等级增加而递减,对小雨而言,模式漏报率小于空报率,多报降水的偏差和少报降水的偏差相近。在预报要素空间分布上,风向预报的偏差顺时针偏转,其夹角小于45°,温度预报偏差总体偏小,相对湿度预报偏差由西向东表现为“+、-、+、-”的分布特征;小雨和中雨落区预报偏大,暴雨落区预报偏小;贝加尔湖冷涡强度的预报偏强,西太平洋副热带高压的强度预报偏弱,影响范围偏西偏北。     

Elemental characteristics of lacustrine oil shale and its controlling factors of palaeo-sedimentary environment on oil yield: a case from Chang 7 oil layer of Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin

As an important unconventional resource, oil shale has received widespread attention. The oil shale of the Chang 7 oil layer from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin represents the typical lacustrine oil shale in China. Based on analyzing trace elements and oil yield from boreholes samples, characteristics and paleo-sedimentary environments of oil shale and relationship between paleo-sedimentary environment and oil yield were studied. With favorable quality, oil yield of oil shale varies from 1.4% to 9.1%. Geochemical data indicate that the paleo-redox condition of oil shale’s reducing condition from analyses of V/Cr, V/(V + Ni), U/Th, δU, and authigenic uranium. Equivalent Boron, Sp, and Sr/Ba illustrate that paleosalinity of oil shale is dominated by fresh water. The paleoclimate of oil shale is warm and humid by calculating the chemical index of alteration and Sr/Cu. Fe/Ti and (Fe + Mn)/Ti all explain that there were hot water activities during the sedimentary period of oil shale. In terms of Zr/Rb, paleohydrodynamics of oil shale is weak. By means of Co abundance and U/Th, paleo-water-depth of oil shale is from 17.30 to 157.26 m, reflecting sedimentary environment which is mainly in semi deep–deep lake facies. Correlation analyses between oil yield and six paleoenvironmental factors show that the oil yield of oil shale is mainly controlled by paleo-redox conditions, paleoclimate, hot water activities, and depth of water. Paleosalinity and paleohydrodynamics have an inconspicuous influence on oil yield.     

中国贵金属矿床的基本成矿规律与找矿方向

通过对近年来贵金属矿床勘查进展及其主要类型、主要成矿时代、主要矿集区等的分析与归纳,总结了中国金矿床、银矿床和铂族元素矿床的基本成矿规律,并提出它们各自的找矿方向。中国金矿床类型多,主要形成于中生代和新生代,集中在胶东、辽东、华北地台边缘、小秦岭、阿尔泰、金沙江-红河断裂带、台湾和东南沿海、滇黔桂、陕甘川及长江、黑龙江等主要水系的上游,金矿的找矿方向包括:①老矿区的"探边摸底"和"攻深找盲";②新矿集区的典型研究与采选冶技术改进;③综合利用技术的创新将使相当多的表外矿变为当前可开采的矿床;④新区勘查;⑤加强成矿系列、成矿体系和成矿规律的研究,以理论指导找矿并综合评价。中国银矿以伴生银矿为主,主要形成于中生代和新生代,变质岩、岩浆岩和沉积岩均可容矿,造山带和盆地区的构造破碎带尤其值得重视。当前需要加强对锰矿区含银性和Mn异常区的研究,尤其是中国东部中新生代盆地区断裂带与Mn、Ag化探异常吻合地区,应该综合评价。中国铂族元素矿床可以分为岩浆型、沉积型和热液型三大类,可形成于从前寒武纪到新生代的各个时代,至少构成8个重要成矿远景区(带),重点放在康滇地轴和二叠纪末期峨眉地幔柱影响到的地区,但华北地台老基底中的原生矿及其周边的砂矿不可忽视。     

利用矿物方解石进行水体除磷实验研究

为探索解决水体富营养化问题的新方法,利用矿物方解石对含磷溶液进行了除磷实验。实验结果表明,方解石晶芽可以促进磷的沉淀,降低溶液磷浓度;其降磷效果与溶液初始磷浓度有关,初始磷浓度为1.2mg/L,除磷率为12.68%,初始磷浓度为3mg/L,除磷率为69.94%,初始磷浓度为5mg/L,除磷率为88.48%;同样,实验温度升高,可使方解石降磷效果明显提高。经透射电子显微镜测试,除磷沉淀物没有明显的晶质体特征。     

湖北省中、晚二叠世煤系沉积期地质构造特征及其控煤作用

湖北省中、晚二叠世煤系沉积期的古构造格架是＂两隆夹一坳＂,北部为北西向秦淮巨型隆起、南部为东西向江南巨型隆起,两隆起之间为近东西向的大型波状坳陷盆地—湖北坳陷,该聚煤盆地的形成及总体展布受南北两个巨型隆起带控制,在中、晚二叠世湖北坳陷处于陆表海环境,接受了海陆交互相的含煤岩系沉积,煤系沉积与分布受盆地的控制,厚煤层和富煤带主要呈北西向展布,与聚煤盆地内次级坳陷相吻合。     

Stochastic Fracture Propagation Modelling for Enhanced Geothermal Systems

Fractures and fracture networks are the fundamental components of enhanced geothermal systems and determine their technical and economic viability. A realistic fracture model that can adequately describe a fracture-stimulated reservoir is critical for subsequent flow and heat transfer analyses of the system. Fractures in these systems are essentially the product of hydraulic stimulations of the reservoir that, together with ground conditions and the local stress regime, determine how fractures are formed and propagated. This paper describes three methods for generating realistic fracture models for enhanced geothermal systems; two of them incorporate the fracture propagation process in the modelling and hence provide a stochastic fracture propagation model. The methods are: a Bayesian framework in the form of Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation, an extended Random Sampling Consensus model and a Point and Surface Association Consensus model. The conditioning data used in these methods are seismic events recorded during fracture stimulation. Geodynamics’ Habanero reservoir in the Cooper Basin of South Australia is used as a case study to test these methods.     

大定源瞬变电磁一维自适应正则化反演

自适应正则化反演对初始模型要求较低,直接对瞬变电磁响应数据进行反演。正则化因子通过计算每次迭代的数据目标函数和模型目标函数自适应的得到,从而快速获得地下的地电结构。本文采用自适应正则化反演算法对大定源回线瞬变电磁一维层状模型进行反演,使用均匀半空间作为初始模型,首次采用模型对深度的二阶导数极小的模型约束,通过典型理论模型的反演计算,证明了TEM自适应正则化一维反演算法拟合效果好、精度高,由于不用反复搜索正则化因子,并且收敛速度快,体现了良好的稳定性和可靠性。     

含钒石煤的穆斯堡尔谱研究

本文收集了我国湘鄂淅地区含钒石煤样品,使用化学分析和穆斯堡尔谱方法,测定和研究了石煤中钒铁的赋存方式和价态,以及不同焙烧温度下钒铁价态变化等。初步研究表明,石煤中钒铁价态及价态变化的测定,对含钒石煤中钒铁矿物和成因研究,钒的提取和石煤的综合利用有重要意义。     

土壤中溶质运移模拟的理论与应用*

可溶性化学物质在土壤中的运移和分布一般可以反映出多孔介质中溶质随着水分运(流)动的规律。文中系统地回顾了近二十年来土壤中溶质运动理论的发展和有关模型的应用概况,以期对地下水污染、海水入侵、水盐运动等溶质运移模拟的理论和应用问题进行较全面的分析;讨论了水动力学弥散、宏观弥散、层状介质中的弥散、多组分溶质运移和非饱和带中溶质运移等问题,以及描述土壤中溶质迁移的主要模型和模拟方法。     

奈曼旗沙漠化农田生态系统功能浅析及其调整利用的研究

本文通过对奈曼旗沙漠化农田生态系统功能及其特征的初步分析, 认为该区沙漠化农田功能低下, 产投比值不高, 甚至不平衡, 根本达不到经营之目的。其主要原因是投入少及土地利用不合理。本文提出了沙漠化农田调整利用的措施与途径, 这对于土地利用结构的合理配置, 增加农业物质投入, 提高生态、经济效益以及防止沙漠化的发展具有实际意义。