中国海相油气田勘探实例(之一) 四川盆地罗家寨大型气田的发现和探明

罗家寨气田发现于2000年,是四川盆地迄今为止发现的储量规模最大的一个气田,2002年探明储量为581.08×108m3。其下三叠统飞仙关组储层由碳酸盐岩蒸发台地边缘优质鲕粒滩白云岩构成,圈闭面积大,构造幅度高,具有一定的埋藏隐蔽性。论述了气田的发现和探明过程,气藏地质的特征,以及对碳酸盐岩气藏勘探的启示。     

Geochemical characterization of Archaean amphibolites from the eastern part of Anshan–Benxi iron producing area,northeastern China: implication for tectonic setting of BIFs

The Anshan–Benxi iron producing area, which is located at the northeastern margin of the North China Craton, is the main distribution area of Archaean BIFs in China. In their eastern part, including the Gongchangling and Waitoushan deposits, BIFs mainly are hosted in the Archaean middle Anshan Group. Amphibolites are widely distributed in the iron‐bearing rock series, reflecting the tectonic setting of BIFs. Amphibolites not only have MORB‐like compositional characteristics, but also have island arc‐like ones, and they are consistent with back‐arc basin basalts (BABB). In the study area, the protolith of amphibolites belongs to Okinawa‐type BABB; it indicates that tectonic setting of BIFs is the intra‐continental back‐arc basin. In the study area, the formation of sedimentary basins for BIFs had been associated with oceanic plate subduction. Amphibolites from Gongchangling deposit are characterized by relative enrichments in LILE and LREE, and depletions in HFSE. This indicates that they had a relatively large influence of subduction in their formation. Amphibolites from Waitoushan deposit are characterized by relative enrichments in LILE without conspicuous depletions in HFSE, indicating relatively low subduction rates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全国地面资料自动收集处理系统的运行结构

全国地面资料实现通信传输后,统一预处理软件,在同一平台上建立国家和省一级地面资料收集处理运行系统,不仅可减少不必要的麻烦,简化操作提高工作效率,还可加强上下之间的联系,提高系统整体性和工作质量。     

地面加密自动站资料同化和数值模拟

采用美国多部门研制的WRF模式及其四维变分同化系统,对2008年5月长江中下游地区一次强对流暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟试验;并分别将质量控制前和质量控制后的华东地区地面加密自动站资料加入模式进行四维变分同化试验,与实况进行了对比。结果表明:模拟试验能较好的模拟此次降水过程;而采用四维变分同化经质量控制后的地面加密资料,模式效果最好,使降水预报在降水落区和降水量上都获得较为明显的改善;但质量控制前四维同化改善效果不明显。这说明地面资料的质量控制很重要,它能去伪存真。有效地利用地面加密自动站资料,能使资料的加入与模式更协调,从而得到了最佳的模拟效果。     

2014年秋季长株潭城市群一次典型霾污染天气过程的气象特征及成因分析

利用长株潭地区地面空气质量监测资料、常规地面气象资料及NCEP再分析资料和MODIS火点监测资料,结合HYSPLIT4后向轨迹模式,对2014年10月1718日长株潭地区一次严重霾天气过程的空气污染特征和成因进行综合分析。研究表明,长株潭地区此次严重霾天气污染事件的主要污染物为PM2.5,安徽南部和江西西北部地区秸秆焚烧产生的颗粒物,经高空偏东北气流引导输送到长株潭地区,是这次大范围烟霾天气的主要来源。长株潭地区西部高空槽区宽广,槽前西南气流较为强盛,地面受均压场控制,水平风速弱,为严重霾污染天气的维持提供了有利的环流条件。中低层逆温和大气底层湿度的增加,使污染物粒子不断累积;近地面连续静（小）风和风向的频繁转变,不利于污染物粒子的水平扩散;中下层弱的下沉气流、较低的混合层高度有利于污染物的垂直累积,为此次重度霾污染天气的发展、加强提供了有利的气象条件。     

Subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation

The study of prehistoric hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the mechanisms and processes of human adaption to high altitude environments.But to date,only a few Paleolithic sites have been found on the Tibetan Plateau with clear stratigraphy and reliable dating.These sites are mainly distributed in the Qinghai Lake Basin on the northeastern part of the plateau,and the sporadic fauna and flora remains excavated provide limited information about the subsistence strategies of hunter-gatherers.In 2014,relatively abundant animal remains were unearthed in the Lower Cultural Layer (LCL,15400-13100 cal yr BP) of the"151 site"located in the Qinghai Lake Basin,providing important information about human subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation.Zooarchaeological analysis of these faunal remains indicates that hunter-gatherers at the"151 site"mainly targeted large ungulates of Bos and wild horse/ass,and only brought back the most nutritious parts of animal carcasses including upper and intermediate limb bones,heads,and trunks (ribs and vertebrae).People then processed and consumed the carcasses around single hearths.Our comprehensive analyses of contemporaneous sites in the Qinghai Lake Basin show that a subsistence strategy involving opportunistic hunting of ungulates,high mobility,and short occupation of campsites was used by terminal Pleistocene huntergatherers to adapt to the high-altitude environment on the Tibetan Plateau.This subsistence strategy may have been a first step of gradual hunter-gatherer adaptation to the extreme conditions on the Tibetan Plateau after the Last Glacial Maximum,and laid the foundation for the widespread distribution of hunter-gatherers on the plateau during the Holocene.     

Seismic traveltime inversion of 3D velocity model with triangulated interfaces

Seismic traveltime tomographic inversion has played an important role in detecting the internal structure of the solid earth. We use a set of blocks to approximate geologically complex media that cannot be well described by layered models or cells. The geological body is described as an aggregate of arbitrarily shaped blocks, which are separated by triangulated interfaces. We can describe the media as homogenous or heterogeneous in each block. We define the velocities at the given rectangle grid points for each block, and the heterogeneous velocities in each block can be calculated by a linear interpolation algorithm. The parameters of the velocity grid positions are independent of the model parameterization, which is advantageous in the joint inversion of the velocities and the node depths of an interface. We implement a segmentally iterative ray tracer to calculate traveltimes in the 3D heterogeneous block models. The damped least squares method is employed in seismic traveltime inversion, which includes the partial derivatives of traveltime with respect to the depths of nodes in the triangulated interfaces and velocities defined in rectangular grids. The numerical tests indicate that the node depths of a triangulated interface and homogeneous velocity distributions can be well inverted in a stratified model.     

Single-Link Cluster Method to Identify Foreshocks and Aftershocks

Based on Single-Link Cluster (SLC) analysis,a new method to identify the foreshocks andaftershocks of a strong shock from the earthquake catalogue and then to form a sequencecatalogue has been proposed in this paper.In the SLC frame,there are many chains formedby links with lengths shorter than or equal to the characteristic length Lc.It is defined thatwhen some of these chains connect with a strong shock,the seismic events on such chainsfirm a sequence with the strong shock.In this sequence,the strong shock is the main shock;the events preceding the main shock are foreshocks and those following the main shock areaftershocks.By using this method,the foreshocks and aftershocks associated with the M_s7.4Haicheng earthquake and with the strong shocks of M_s≥6.0 in the top area of Kunlun-AltunArc were identified and sequence catalogues for these strong shocks were set up.     

任意各向异性介质相(群)速度的计算

反映弹性波在各向异性介质中传播特性的两个基础的物理量是相速度和群速度.本文在总结前人工作的基础上,提出任意各向异性介质相(群)速度的计算方案:首先推导各自计算公式,其次考虑剪切波奇点的特殊性,再次令其遵循相应约束条件,最后,采用三个计算实例检验该方案的正确性和有效性.通过对计算结果的分析以及各向异性理论预测可以加深对各向异性特有性质(如剪切波奇点、群速度多值性)的理解,有助于增强我们对任意各向异性理论的基本认识.     

The extension of the parametrization of the radio source coordinates in geodetic VLBI and its impact on the time series analysis

The radio sources within the most recent celestial reference frame (CRF) catalog ICRF2 are represented by a single, time-invariant coordinate pair. The datum sources were chosen mainly according to certain statistical properties of their position time series. Yet, such statistics are not applicable unconditionally, and also ambiguous. However, ignoring systematics in the source positions of the datum sources inevitably leads to a degradation of the quality of the frame and, therefore, also of the derived quantities such as the Earth orientation parameters. One possible approach to overcome these deficiencies is to extend the parametrization of the source positions, similarly to what is done for the station positions. We decided to use the multivariate adaptive regression splines algorithm to parametrize the source coordinates. It allows a great deal of automation, by combining recursive partitioning and spline fitting in an optimal way. The algorithm finds the ideal knot positions for the splines and, thus, the best number of polynomial pieces to fit the data autonomously. With that we can correct the ICRF2 a priori coordinates for our analysis and eliminate the systematics in the position estimates. This allows us to introduce also special handling sources into the datum definition, leading to on average 30 % more sources in the datum. We find that not only the CPO can be improved by more than 10 % due to the improved geometry, but also the station positions, especially in the early years of VLBI, can benefit greatly.