基于RUSLE的卧虎山水库流域土壤侵蚀特征分析

通过RUSLE模型对卧虎山水库流域土壤侵蚀进行全面评价验证和总结。结果表明：① 水库流域平均侵蚀模数为462 t/(km²·a),该数值与通过水库淤积等资料推算评估结果基本一致,表明本研究结果具有较高的可信度;水库流域年均侵蚀量达到2.6×10⁶t,其中高于容许土壤流失量的面积为176 km²,占到流域总面积的31.51%。从不同侵蚀级别来看,占流域面积27.77%的轻度侵蚀,对流域侵蚀总量的贡献率为54.64%; 面积占比3.74%的中度及以上侵蚀,侵蚀量贡献率达到30.94%。② 流域内土壤侵蚀空间差异较大,回归分析发现地形因子是导致各子流域土壤侵蚀模数差异的主要因素;就土地利用类型而言,旱地和农村居民点是流域内的主要侵蚀土地利用类型;流域内土壤侵蚀模数随着坡度增加呈现相应增大趋势,8°~25°坡度段面积比例不仅最大,而且侵蚀量占比最高,是水库流域的主要侵蚀坡度段。     

淄博市淄川区矿坑水对水资源的影响与应用研究

淄川区煤炭资源丰富，是淄博市主要的产煤区之一，经过长期的开采，部分煤矿闭境。本文调查研究了闭坑煤矿矿坑水的特征和演化规律及其对区域水资源的影响，根据其水质特点，提出了具体的综合利用措施。     

内蒙古太仆寺旗地区构造应力场及构造演化

通过观测、统计太仆寺旗地区不同岩性地层中节理的产状、性质及彼此相互切割的特征,用构造解析法对观测的节理进行分期配套,选出多组共轭节理,并通过投图分析计算出各组共轭节理的最大主应力值(σ_1)、中间应力值(σ_2)和最小应力值(σ_3),在太仆寺旗地区内恢复了3期构造应力。结合区域资料及野外观测数据分析,将区域构造演化划分为5个阶段。     

冷泉气体渗漏过程海洋多电极电阻率法探测效果模拟分析

为分析评价一种新型海洋多电极电阻率法对海底沉积物中冷泉气体渗漏过程的探测能力,根据前人理论研究,结合具体实例构建沉积物中快速及慢速冷泉气体汇聚、渗漏、喷发阶段地电模型,模拟采用海洋多电极电阻率法进行探测,利用数值计算方法得到理论剖面图像,并和室内实验实测剖面图像进行对比分析。研究结果表明,在快速冷泉探测剖面图像中,含气层和渗漏通道会因冷泉气体扩散状态不同表现为不同的电阻率异常特征,但易于识别。在慢速冷泉探测剖面图像中,浅层沉积物中气体富集区呈明显的高阻异常区,随着气体渗漏异常区逐步消失。两种喷发过程形成的微地貌特征也可在探测图像中得到反映。海洋多电极电阻率法是一种可以图化描述沉积物中含气层、渗漏通道及气液界面空间分布位置的有效方法。     

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Low-altitude Photogrammetry in Investigation and Evaluation of Loess Landslide

The new technology of UAVs low-altitude photogrammetry is a new three-dimensional space technology after radar remote sensing and 3D laser scanning. This technology has many advantages in the aspect of acquiring 3D point cloud data, such as large area operation, high-accuracy and capturing 3D geographical information quickly. With the algorithm improvement and commercialization development of low-altitude photogrammetry, this new technology is widely used in various fields in foreign countries. This new technology shows a tendency of rapid development in China, especially in the field of surveying and mapping, but in the geological and geotechnical engineering field is at a tentative stage. Based on briefly introducing the new technology of the basic principle and 3D data acquisition method, combined with an example about loess landslide investigation at Heifangtai tableland in Gansu Province, this paper described the application effect of the new technology in the regional landslide investigation and individual landslide investigation. The results showed as follows: ①We could greatly understand the regional spatial distribution of loess landslide in the regional landslide investigation. ②We learned the development characteristics and disaster process of the landslide by means of analyzing pre-sliding and post-sliding low-altitude photogrammetry datum in individual landslide investigation. Thus, UAVs low-altitude photogrammetry technology has broad prospects and research value in the field of geotechnical engineering and geological engineering application.     

海底宏渗漏气体走航式海洋电阻率法探测效果模拟与观测系统设计

为实现海底宏渗漏气体连续调查,提出了一种走航式海洋电阻率探测技术。根据前人原位观测资料和含气水体电阻率特征构建地电模型;采用数值模拟和室内试验方法获得不同参数电阻率映像剖面,分析确定探测剖面异常特征,评价探测效果。在此基础上进一步进行了探测系统设计和实验测试。研究结果表明,走航式海洋电法探测电缆可由2个供电电流极和8个电位测量极组成,电位极距需小于0.05 m;测量可采用偶极装置通过并行采集方式实现。气体分布区表现为高阻异常,异常模式由走航速度、排列长度和气体分布区横向宽度共同决定,可分为7种情形;探测电阻率极大值和气体喷出流速存在正相关指数关系。该技术可实现气体分布范围和喷出速率快速探测。     

海底承压含水层排泄电阻率法探测效果模拟与分析

海底承压含水层排泄是海底地下水排泄的一种主要形式。由于这一过程发生在海水层下部,探测难度较大。为探讨海洋多电极电阻率法对该过程的探测能力,根据典型海底承压含水层地质模型构建不同排泄阶段地电模型,模拟海面和海床面两种探测情形分别进行多电极电阻率法理论探测结果计算和物理模拟,并对所得电阻率剖面进行对比分析。研究结果表明,水面多电极电阻率探测剖面能够清晰刻画出排泄入海的淡水体在海水中迁移、混合过程,但剖面异常特征和分辨率受探测装置形式、电极极距、海水深度影响;海床面探测则对沉积层中咸淡水交换过程反映能力更强,沉积层中的锲形海水侵入体可得到良好反映。     

安阳南断裂带土壤H2、Rn地球化学特征

为研究安阳南断裂带土壤气体地球化学特征及构造地球化学背景,采用野外流动测量的方法对安阳南断裂带宗村段开展2期土壤H₂和Rn的重复观测。结果表明,第1期H₂和Rn的浓度范围分别为（0.66~58.56）×10^-6 和15~123 kBq/m³,背景值分别为6.87×10^-6和52.49 kBq/m³;第2期H₂和Rn的浓度范围分别为（0.36~29.73）×10^-6和28.2~103 kBq/m³,背景值分别为0.89×10^-6和47.49 kBq/m³。2期H2和Rn的测量结果均显示,在距测量起点210~300 m处气体浓度出现高值异常,气体在断裂带附近较为富集,对断层位置有一定的指示作用,利用断层气H2和Rn探测隐伏断裂的浅层位置在该区具有可行性。     

Karyological analysis of the sea cicada Blepharipoda liberate Shen from the Rizhao intertidal zone,China

Blepharipoda liberate Shen is a commercially valuable seafood species that has important ecological signi?cance in Shandong Province, China. Although B. liberate is crustacean, its external characteristics are not entirely those of shrimps or crabs. The question of whether B. liberate is a shrimp or a crab has been debated in recent years. We studied the karyotype of B. liberate by light microscopy using air-drying and spreading methods. We obtained mitotic chromosomal plates from B. liberate larvae, and from adult B. liberate females subsequent to egg-laying. The results revealed that B. liberate has 53 pairs of chromosomes(i.e., n =53 and 2 n =106), a characteristic shared with four species of crab. The karyogram of B. liberate consists of 25 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, 11 subtelocentric and 3 telocentric pairs. We did not ?nd any heteromorphosis sex chromosomes. Tissue from larvae, gills and ovaries can be used for chromosomal investigations, and we found similar lampbrush chromosomes in ovary cells. Comparatively speaking, larvae tissue is more practical, and ovary tissue is more suitable for the preparation of lampbrush chromosomes. B. liberate is more closely related to crabs than to shrimps, based on the numbers of chromosomes. The B. liberate karyotype reported here provides a basis for further comparative cytogenetic studies of species populations.